• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2007

Genistein is an active component of legumes and other related food shown to be associated with prevention of degenerative diseases such as cancer through inducing signaling pathways. Treatment of genistein resulted in the induction of apoptosis in the cultured cancer cells. This induction of apoptosis was demonstrated by the Tunel assay in these cells. Unveiling the potential of genistein in cytotoxicity via apoptosis when it is treated with estrogen can predict the therapeutic capability of genistein in breast cancers in the presence of endogenous estrogen. We have found that apoptosis induced by genistein treatment in the presence of estrogen is agonistic or antagonistic depending on the concentrations and treatment periods applied in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. For the suppression of cell survival, 24 hr of treatment was required to induce a synergistic agonistic response between estrogen and genistein at low concentrations of genistein. After this period, the agonistic pattern of genistein to estrogen disappeared. The decrement of COX-2 expression in MCF-7 cells treated with genistein was accompanied with the activation of AMPK only at a high concentration of genistein. This association between AMPK activation and down-regulation of COX-2 by genistein was dampened in the presence of estrogen. It was also demonstrated that genistein and estrogen regulate cell survival and apoptosis by modulating p53 and caspase-3 in the opposite direction. These results suggest that genistein has the potential to control breast cancer development, and co-treatment with estrogen can cause agonistic or antagonistic action on breast cancer cell control.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2013

24-hr $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected from January 19 through February 27, 2009 at an urban site of Gwangju and analyzed to determine the concentrations of organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC), water-soluble OC(WSOC), eight ionic species($Na^+$, $NH^{4+}$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), and 22 elemental species. Haze phenomena was observed during approximately 29%(10 times) of the whole sampling period(35 days), resulting in highly elevated concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and its chemical components. An Asian dust event was also observed, during which $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was 64.5 ${\mu}g/m^2$. Crustal materials during Asian dust event contributed 26.6% to the $PM_{2.5}$, while lowest contribution(5.1%) was from the haze events. OC/EC and WSOC/OC ratios were found to be higher during haze days than during other sampling days, reflecting an enhanced secondary organic aerosol production under the haze conditions. For an Asian dust event, enhanced concentrations of OC and secondary inorganic components were also found, suggesting the further atmospheric processing of precursor gases during transport of air mass to the sampling site. Correlations among WSOC, EC, ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, and primary and secondary OC fractions, which were predicted from EC tracer method, suggests that the observed WSOC could be formed from similar formation processes as those of secondary organic aerosol, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$. Results from principal component analysis indicate also that the observed WSOC was strongly associated with formation routes of the secondary organic and inorganic aerosols.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

Milk components analysis was carried out milk yield(MY), milk fat(MF), milk protein(MP), milk urea nitrogen(MUN), milk solid(MS), day of non-pregnant condition(DNPC), and days of primipara(DPRI) involved. Dairy farms were divided high, middle and low groups according to the standard records for milk components. Examination records were divided by farm, parity, year, season and month, the number of samples were 28,957. MUN concentration was below 12 mg and when the MPP was below 3.0%, the days of non-pregnant condition were $94{\pm}10.77$ days but concentration of MUN was under 12 mg and when MPP was above 3.2%, longer period of non-pregnant condtion of $181.3{\pm}9.25$ was noted. The days of gestation of the first calving cow was $495.9{\pm}9.04$ days when the concentration of MUN was below 12mg/dl and MPP was under 3.0%. If the concentration of MUN was 12 mg/dl and when the MPP was over 3.2%, the days of gestation were $511.0{\pm}8.36$ days. It was believed that the concentrations of MPP and MUN have significant effects on the days of non-pregnant condition and the days of gestation. Determination of MY, MF, MS, and MUN was Milkoscan $4,000{\sim}5,000$ Serier(FOSS Electric Co., Copenhagen, Denmark). MUN standard concentration was 12-18(mg/dl) similar to blood urea nitrogen(BUN). Mutual relationship of milk components(MF, SCC, MY, DNPC, MS) and MUN concentration was low in regression analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.285-296
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• 2018

As a study for the verification of heat treated wood according to ISPM No. 15, the spectroscopic characteristics of the heat treated wood surface were analyzed. Various functional groups were observed on the IR spectrum, but it was difficult to find any particular difference between wood species, heat treatment time and storage period. HBI (hydrogen-bonding intensity) shows the change of the heat treated wood according to the storage time, but the change of wood with the heat treatment time was hard to be observed. On the PCA score plot, however, it was possible to sort the wood according to the heat treatment time of 60 minutes or 90 minutes in the species. The standards for classification of heat-treated wood in PCA were aromatic rings in lignin and C-H bending in cellulose, and these components were able to classify heat-treated wood by ISPM No. 15.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to compare growth performance, blood components and carcass traits by two feeding systems (concentrate with roughage separately [CON] vs total mixed ration [TMR]) in Hanwoo steers, and to learn the relationship between blood components during fattening or finishing phases and carcass traits in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Sixty steers aged 8 months were allotted to two feeding systems and fed similar amounts of average dry matter and total digestible nutrient throughout whole experimental period according to each feeding program. Steers were weighed monthly, taken blood at the end of growing, fattening and finishing periods, and slaughtered at 30 month of age. Results: Growing performance was higher (p<0.05) in the CON group compared to the TMR group during fattening and finishing periods. The CON group was lower (p<0.05) in blood aspartic acid transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and retinol levels during growing period, but higher in triglyceride and cholesterol levels during fattening and finishing periods compared to the TMR group. The CON group was greater (p<0.05) in rib-eye area, and lighter (p<0.05) red in meat color compared to the TMR group. In the correlation coefficients between blood components of steers and carcass traits, retinol had a negative (p<0.05) correlation with marbling score and rib-eye area. Leptin had a positive (p<0.05) correlation with back fat thickness. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were positively (p<0.05) correlated with carcass weight and rib-eye area. Conclusion: Growth performance, carcass ribeye area and meat color showed a more desirable result in the CON compared to the TMR in Hanwoo steers. Assessing the accumulated data of carcass traits with blood components including hormones-particularly retinol, cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin-during the fattening or finishing phases, it may be possible to find a biomarker for determining beef quality in living animals.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.613-628
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• 2011

Restoration, prediction and noise analysis of geomagnetic data measured in the Korean Peninsula were performed. Restoration methods based on an optimized principal component analysis (PCA) and the geostatistical kriging approach were proposed, and its effectiveness was also interpreted. The PCA-based method seemed to be effective to restore the periodical signals and the geostatistical approach was stable to fill the gaps of measurements. To analyze the noise level for each observatory, the geomagnetic time-series was plotted by scattergram which reflects the spatial variation, using data observed during same period. The scattergram showed that the observation made at Cheongyang seemed to have better quality in spatial continuity and stability, and the restoration result was also better than that of Icheon site. For the restoration, both of the methods, geostatistical and optimizaed PCA, showed stable result when the missing of observation was within 20 points. However, in case of more missing observations than 20 points and prediction problem, the optimized PCA seemed to be closer to the real observation considering the frequency-domain characteristics. The prediction using the optimized PCA seems to be plausible for one day of period for interpretation.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2010

Since the 1990's, a number of ULF geomagnetic disturbance associated with earthquake occurrences have actively been reported, and polarization analysis of geomagnetic fields becomes one of potential candidates to be capable of predicting short-term earthquake. This study develops the modified polarization analysis method based on the previous studies, and analyzes three-component geomagnetic fields obtained at Cheongyang geomagnetic observatory using the developed method. A daily polarization value (the ratio of spectral power of horizontal and vertical geomagnetic field) is calculated with a focus on the 0.01 Hz band, which is known to be the most sensitive to seismogenic ULF radiation. We analyze a total of 10 months of geomagnetic data obtained at Cheongyang observatory, and compare the polarization values with the Kp index and the earthquake occurred in the analysis period. The results show that there is little correlation between the temporal variations of polarization values and Kp index, but remarkable increases in polarization values are identified which are associated with two earthquakes. Comparison the polarization values obtained at Cheongyang and Kanoya observatory indicates that the increases of polarization values at Cheongyang might be due to not global geomagnetic induction but the locally occurred earthquakes. Furthermore, these features are clearly shown in normalized polarization values, which take account in the statistical characteristics of each geomagnetic field. On the basis of these results, polarization analysis can be used as promising tool for monitoring the earthquake-precursory phenomenon.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.17-41
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• 2016

Subjects : A literature research on the constitution and medicinal effect & adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan". "Bullsusan" is a herbal prescription composed of Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸) and Cnidii Rhizoma(川芎). Objectives : Through the researching on the records of "Bullsusan" in Korean Traditional Medical Books, gain the literature evidence for adaptation to these days child labor as a pre-labor keeping herbal medicine. And have detailed consideration on the constitution of prescription and medicinal effect & adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan". Methods : First, researched the records of "Bullsusan" in Korean Traditional Medical Books which were included at A Series of Korean Medicine(韓國醫學大系) and analysed component ratio, nickname, herbal manufacture and drug processing method, medicinal effect and adaptation diseases. Second, referred related Korean and Chinese researches that examined the medicinal effect and adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan" by scientific experimentation. Conclusions : We found total 46 records of "Bullsusan" from 20 kinds of Korean Traditional Medical Books included at A Series of Korean Medicine. Prescription component ratio of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma were 3:2, 1:1, 2:1, 1:1. 3:2 had most 20 records and 1:1 had second 14 records. Especially 1:1 had a tendency of having nickname "Goonguitang", but not must had. First herbal manufacture was powder, it had 8 records. First drug processing method was decocting with water and alcohol, had 19 records. Medical Effects of "Bullsusan" can be induced to next 8, that were "remove get bad blood, give birth new blood", "easy labor by reducing fetal volume", "acceleration of labor", "test of fetal survival, elimination of dead embryo", "elimination of placenta", "revive", "allaying pain", "nourish the blood". From these medical effects, 9 adaptation diseases can be induced. That were "threatened abortion", "womb ache and vaginal bleeding by spontaneous abortion", "pre-labor keeping(prevention of hard labor)", "acceleration of labor", "hard labor", "missed abortion", "postnatal vaginal bleeding, dizziness, asthma, headache, womb ache", "postnatal mastoptosis and mastodynia", "first aid symptom like as dizziness, unconsciousness, stroke caused by excessive bleeding". The medical effect of "acceleration of labor" and "elimination of placenta" have been examined by modern clinical research. The effect of "remove get bad blood, give birth new blood", "allaying pain" and "nourish the blood" have been examined by modern experimental study. But overdosing on "Bullsusan" to pregnant mouse can cause natural abortion, so the proper dose of "Bullsusan" in pregnant period is very important.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.303-313
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• 2014

The spatial distribution characteristic of fish community were investigated at the 10 habitat types in the Nonsan stream from August, 2008 to June, 2009. The collected species during the surveyed period were 26 species belong to 6 families. Korean endemic species were Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, Pseudobagrus koreanus, and Odontobutis interrupta which showed 19.2% ratio of total species. Dominant species was Zacco platypus, and subdominant species was Tridentiger brevispinis. Dominant species according to habitat types were Micropterus salmoides(substrate type pool and rock type pool), Lepomis macrochirus(channel connected pool and channel unconnected pool/abandoned type pool), T. brevispinis(channel unconnected pool/overflow type and run) and Z. platypus(riffle, meander type pool, side channel, and dam type pool). As a results of community analysis in side channel, diversity index showed relatively high values, indicating that habitat types in the Nonsan stream have relatively stable community structure. Bray-curtis cluster analysis indicated that the meander type pool and riffle showed the most similar values(80.8%). Moreover, cluster and principal component analysis were classified as 2 groups(lotic and lentic habitats).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status and components of Korean National Debt and to analyze the effects of each component on National Debt. In the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS), we searched for data such as General Accounting Deficit Conservation, For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, For Common Housing Stability, Local Government Net Debt Public Funds, etc that constitute National Debt. The analysis period used a total of 23 annual data from 1997 to 2019. The data collected in this study use the rate of change compared to the previous year for each component. Using this, this study attempted index analysis, numerical analysis, and model analysis. Correlation analysis result, the National Debt has a high relationship with the For Common Housing Stability. For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, Public Funds, etc., but has a low relationship with the Local Government Net Debt. Since 1997, National Debt has been increasing similarly to the For Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization, For Common Housing Stability and Public Funds etc. Since 2020, Korea is expected to increase significantly in terms of For Common Housing Stability and Public Funds, etc due to Corona19. At a time when the global economic situation is difficult, Korea's National Debt is expected to increase significantly due to the use of national disaster subsidies. However, if possible, the government expects to operate efficiently for economic growth and financial market stability.