• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.36.1-36.9
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• 2015

Background: This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran, sire breed and gender on live animal performance and carcass characteristics in Australian crossbred and purebred Merino lambs. Methods: Forty-eight lambs balanced by sire breed (Dorset, White Suffolk, Merino) and gender (ewe, wether) were randomly allocated into three dietary supplementation groups (Control- 24 lambs fed wheat/barley-based pellets, Low- 12 animals fed a 50/50 ratio of wheat-based/rice bran pellets, and High- 12 lambs fed rice bran pellets). The Rice bran pellets replaced 19 % of the barley component of the feed. Animals were group-fed at the rate of 1000 g of the supplement per head per day with ad libitum access to lucerne hay as the basal diet and water. The duration of the feeding trial was 49 days with an initial 21-day adjustment period. Results: Sire breed differences were evident for initial (p < 0.0002) and final (p < 0.0016) liveweights, hot carcass (p < 0.0030) and cold carcass (p < 0.0031) weights, as well as dressing percentage (p < 0.0078), fat thickness (p < 0.0467), yield grade (p < 0.0470) and rib eye area (p < 0.0022) with purebred Merino under-performing compared to the crossbreds. Concentrate feed conversion efficiency, costs per unit of liveweight gain and over the hooks income were comparable between treatments regardless of the observed trend where the high supplementation group tended to show lower feed intake (745.8 g/day) compared to both the control (939.9 g/day) and low supplementation groups (909.6 g/day). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between treatments for live animal performance, carcass characteristics, gender and their second-order interactions. Conclusions: Results indicate that Rice bran can be utilised as a cost-effective supplementary feed source in genetically divergent sheep over a 49-day feeding period without detrimental effects on overall live animal performance or carcass characteristics.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2017

Along with climate change, it is reported that the scale and the frequency of extreme climate events (e.g. heavy rain, typhoon, etc.) show unstable tendency of increase. In case of Korea, also, the frequency of heavy rainfall shows increasing tendency, thus causing natural disaster damage in downtown and agricultural areas by rainfall that exceeds the design criteria of hydraulic structures. In order to minimize natural disaster damage, it is necessary to analyze how extreme precipitation event changes under climate change. Therefore a new design criteria based on non-stationarity frequency analysis is needed to consider a tendency of future extreme precipitation event and to prepare countermeasures to climate change. And a quantitative and objective characteristic analysis could be a key to preparing countermeasures to climate change impact. In this study, non-stationarity frequency analysis was performed and inundation risk indices developed by 4 inundation characteristics (e.g. inundation area, inundation depth, inundation duration, and inundation radius) were assessed. The study results showed that future probable rainfall could exceed the existing design criteria of hydraulic structures (rivers of state: 100yr-200yr, river banks: 50yr-100yr) reaching over 500yr frequency probable rainfall of the past. Inundation characteristics showed higher value in the future compared to the past, especially in sections with tributary stream inflow. Also, the inundation risk indices were estimated as 0.14 for the past period of 1973-2015, and 0.25, 0.29, 1.27 for the future period of 2016-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100, respectively. The study findings are expected to be used as a basis to analyze future inundation damage and to establish management solutions for rivers with inundation risks.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 1997

Microbial counts, enzyme activities and taste components of traditional kochujangs prepared with the powders from 4 different varieties of red pepper, were investigated during 90 days fermentation for the industrial production of traditional kochujang. The viable cell counts of anaerobic bacteria in kochujangs did not change remarkably during fermentation, however, aerobic bacterial counts showed a rapid increase up to 90 days of aging. The yeasts in all kochujang samples increased until 60 days of aging and than decreased. After 90 days of aging, the count of aerobic bacteria in Kumtop kochujang was higher than those of others. The activities of liquefying amylase decreased during the aging, but those of saccharogenic amylase increased at 60 days of aging. The activities of neutral protease were higher than those of acidic protease, and increased during the middle and last period of aging. The major free sugars of kochujang were maltose and glucose, and their contents were higher in Hongkwang kochujang. The major organic acids of kochujang were succinic, formic and citric acid, followed by lactic acid. Succinic acid content in kochujang decreased during fermentation, whereas formic and citirc acids were increased. The major free amino acids were serine, proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. Kumtop kochujang contained the highest amount of total free amino acids. Among the nucleotides and related components in kochujang, cytidine-5-monophosphate was the most abundant component at the begining of aging period, while hypoxanthine increased remarkably during fermentation. Hanwang kochujang was higher in the content of nucleotides than others. Capsaicin contents of kochujang decreased during aging and those of Jangter kochujang was higher than that of others. Sensory evaluation showed that Jangter kochujang was significantly better than Kumtop kochujang in overall acceptability, but there were no appreciable differences in color and flavor.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제9권
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• pp.37-49
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• 1991

본 연구는 한국종축개량협회(韓國種畜改良協會)에서 1985년-1989년 사이에 일반(一般) 낙농농가(酪農農家)를 대상으로 실시한 산유능력검정자료(産乳能力檢定資料) 4,008두(頭)의 기록(記錄)을 이용(利用)하여 유우(乳牛)의 주요경제형질중(主要經濟形質中), 유량(乳量)에 관여하는 환경요인중(環境要因中) 년도(年度), 분만연령(分娩年齡), 농가(農家), 착유(搾乳) 기간효과(期間效果)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 수행되었으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반능력(一般能力)에 있어서 각(各) 형질(形質)의 평균치(平均値) 및 표준편차(標準偏差)는 실유량(實乳量)이 $5,959.23{\pm}2,113.03kg$, 분만연령(分娩年齡) $49.19{\pm}22.77$개월(個月), 초산월령(初産月齡) $27.11{\pm}5.13$개월(個月) 그리고 착유기간(搾乳期間) $255.11{\pm}79.68$일(日)이였다. 12. 최소자승법(最小自乘法)에 의해 추정(推定)된 전체(全體) 분산(分散)에 대한 각(各) 요인별(要因別) 분산성분(分散成分)의 비(比)는 년도(年度)가 1.91%, 분만연령(分娩年齡)이 4.86%, 농가(農家)가 8.89%, 착유기간(搾乳期間)이 54.94% 그리고 오차(誤差)의 분산비(分散比)가 29.39%로 나타나 착유기간(搾乳期間)의 효과(效果)가 가장 큰 것으로 나다났다. 3. 유량(乳量)에 대한 전체의 최소자승효과(最小自乘效果) 추정치(推定値)는 6,229.31kg이였고, 년도별효과(年度別效果)에 있어서 최소자승(最小自乘) 평균치(平均値)는 1985년-1987년이 6,000.76kg, 1988년 6,028.11kg, 1989년 6,659.07kg이었다. 4. 분만연령별효과(分娩年齡別效果)에 있어서 24개월령이하(個月齡以下)는 5,456.01kg, 61-66개월령(個月齡)은 최고치인 6,565.48kg으로 분만년령간(分娩年齡間) 고도의 유의성(p<0.01)이 인정되었다. 이러한 분만연령별(分娩年齡別) 효과(效果)에 있어 24개월령이하(個月齡以下)에서부터 61-66개월령(個月齡)까지 점차 증가(增加)하다가 67-72개월령(個月齡)에 저조한 성적을 보이며 이상치를 나타냈고, 그 이후부터는 점차 감소(減少)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 5. 농가별효과(農家別效果)에 있어서는 최소자승(最小自乘) 평균치(平均値)에 있어 가장 낮은 농가(農家)에서는 4,958.50kg에서 가장 높은 농가(農家)는 7,479.07kg으로 비교적 변이(變異)가 심하였고, 이는 고도(高度)의 유의성(p<0.01)이 인정되었다. 6. 착유기간별효과(搾乳期間別效果)에 있어서 착유기간(搾乳期間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 최소자승평균치(最小自乘平均値)가 증가(增加)하는 면을 보였으며 착유기간(搾乳期間)에 따른 실유량평균간(實乳量平均間)에는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.463-469
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• 1998

Factor analysis was applied as a multivariate statistical technique to official genetic evaluations of type classification traits for 1,265,785 Holstein cows and 10,321 sires computed from data collected between August 1982 and June 1994 in Canada. Type traits included eighteen linear descriptive traits and eight major score card traits. Principal components of the factor analysis showed that only five factors explain the information of the genetic value of linear descriptive traits for both cows and sires. Factor 1 included traits related to mammary system, like texture, median suspensory, fore attachment, fore teat placement and rear attachment height and width. Factor 2 described stature, size, chest width and pin width. These two factors had a similar pattern for both cows and sires. In constrast, Factor 3 for cows involved only bone-quality, while in addition for sires, Factor 3 included foot angle, rear legs desirability and legs set. Factor 4 for cows related to foot angle, set of rear leg and leg desirability, while Factor 4 related to loin strenth and pin setting for sires. Finally, Factor 5 included loin strength and pin setting for cows and described only pin setting for sires. Two factors only were required to describe score card traits of cows and sires. Factor 1 related to final score, feet and legs, udder traits, mammary system and dairy character, while frame/capacity and rump were described by Factor 2. Communality estimates which determine the proportion of variance of a type trait that is shared with other type traits via the common factor variant were high, the highest ${\geq}$ 80% for final score, stature, size and chest width. Pin width and pin desirability had the lowest communality, 56% and 37%. Results indicated shifts in emphasis over the twelve-year period away from udder traits and dairy character, and towards size, scale and width traits. A new system that computes fmal score from type components has been initiated.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 행동 탐지 기반으로 사람의 지시행위를 인식하여 지시방향의 객체를 선택하고 이를 추적하는 시스템을 제안한다. 일반적으로 사람은 무엇인가를 지시할 경우, 얼굴 방향을 목표물에 두게 된다. 따라서 얼굴과 손끝을 연결한 직선을 지시방향이라 간주하고, 지시된 객체를 선택한다. 제안된 알고리듬에서는 카메라를 통해 입력된 영상으로부터 움직임 영역을 검출하기 위해 배경 차분을 사용하여 실시간으로 관심 객체의 움직임을 추출한다. 보행 여부의 판단은 주성분(PCA) 분석과 객체의 움직임 변위로 결정되며, 이 때 사람이 정지 상태면, 머리를 기준으로 손에 이르는 벡터 관계를 계산하여 사용자의 지시방향을 최종적으로 결정한다. 실험결과를 통하여 다시점 카메라를 이용한 다각도의 영상에서 사람의 지시 방향을 정확하게 추정해 냄으로서 제안된 알고리즘의 유효성을 검증하였다.

• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2015

Predicting the location and intensity of precipitation still remains a main issue in numerical weather prediction (NWP). Resolution is a very important component of precipitation forecasts in NWP. Compared with a lower resolution model, a higher resolution model can predict small scale (i.e., storm scale) precipitation and depict convection structures more precisely. In addition, an ensemble technique can be used to improve the precipitation forecast because it can estimate uncertainties associated with forecasts. Therefore, NWP using both a higher resolution model and ensemble technique is expected to represent inherent uncertainties of convective scale motion better and lead to improved forecasts. In this study, the limited area ensemble prediction system for the convective-scale (i.e., high resolution) operational Unified Model (UM) in Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) was developed and evaluated for the ensemble forecasts during August 2012. The model domain covers the limited area over the Korean Peninsula. The high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system developed showed good skill in predicting precipitation, wind, and temperature at the surface as well as meteorological variables at 500 and 850 hPa. To investigate which combination of horizontal resolution and ensemble member is most skillful, the system was run with three different horizontal resolutions (1.5, 2, and 3 km) and ensemble members (8, 12, and 16), and the forecasts from the experiments were evaluated. To assess the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) skill of the system, the precipitation forecasts for two heavy rainfall cases during the study period were analyzed using the Fractions Skill Score (FSS) and Probability Matching (PM) method. The PM method was effective in representing the intensity of precipitation and the FSS was effective in verifying the precipitation forecast for the high resolution limited area ensemble prediction system in KMA.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1717-1722
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• 2016

가용도는 사용자에게 고가용 서비스를 제공하는 네트워크 시스템의 주요 성능지표로서 임의의 시간에 사용자에게 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 확률이다. 네트워크 서비스의 가용도를 향상시키는 대표적인 방법으로 다중화 방식과 재활기법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 2N redundancy와 시간 기반의 재활기법이 가용도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 2N redundancy는 active 시스템과 standby 시스템으로 구성하는 다중화 방식이다. 재활주기에 의존하는 시간기반의 재활기법이다. 본 논문은 시간기반의 재활기법을 적용한 2N redundnacy모델을 stochastic reward net으로 설계한다. 설계한 모델은 stochastic Petri net package를 이용하여 분석한다. 수치해석을 통해 재활기법을 적용한 시스템의 가용도가 적절한 주기에서 재활기법을 적용하지 않은 시스템의 가용도보다 높다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.604-614
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• 2004

경기도 이천에서 2002년 7월부터 12까지 총 6개월 동안 측정된 지자기 3성분 자료를 이용하여 일별 각 성분의 스펙트럼, 지자기 전달함수의 크기, 위상, 오차 등을 계산하였다. 지자기 스펙트럼은 관측기간 동안 태양활동에 의한 무작위적 강약이 반복되는 형태를 보여주었고, 유의미한 시간적 변동은 존대하지 않았다. 지자기 전달함수의 크기, 위상, 오차의 경우, 주기 100초 이하와 주기 1000초 이상에서 부분적으로 무작위적인 경향을 확인할 수 있었으나, 시간에 따른 증감추세 없이 대체로 안정적인 값을 보였다. 이와 더불어, 전기장의 P$_{1}\;^{0}$ 소스(zonal harmonics) 가정을 통하여 시간에 따른 근사적인 겉보기 전기비저항의 변동을 조사하였는데, 근사된 전기비저항의 변화는 지각의 자체적인 물성 변화보다는 수평 자기장 성분의 시간적 강약에 지배적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2002

20 Gb/s 광 전송 시스템을 위한 광 송신기와 수신기를 전기적 시분할 다중 방식으로 제작하고 그 특성을 측정하였다. 특히 광 수신기의 핵심 회로인 클럭(19.906㎓) 추출 회로의 구현을 위해 반파장 지연 선로와 상용화된 EX-OR 소자를 이용한 NRZ-PRZ 변환기와 유전체 공진기를 이용한 협대역 대역통과 필터 및 마이크로스트립 대역통과 필터를 설계, 제작하였으며, 최종적으로 수신부에서 1:2로 역다중화된 10 Gb/s 신호의 비트 오율(BER)을 측정하였다. 제작된 송ㆍ수신기를 직접 연동하였을 때, 수신기의 수신 감도는 BER $1{\times}10^{-12}$에서 -26.2dBm을 나타내었다.