• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.629-636
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• 2010

A simple, rapid method for determining amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP) in aquatic products (flatfish, salmon, shrimp, tilapia, and yellow croaker) was evaluated. For quantification, the AMO and AMP ions at m/z 348.9 and 105.9, respectively, were selected. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for detecting AMO were 0.09 and $0.25\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The respective values for AMP were 0.02 and $0.05\;{\mu}g/L$. After $100\;{\mu}g/L$ AMO treatment, the level decreased 10% after 7 days at $5^{\circ}C$, while it decreased 20% at $25^{\circ}C$. After 7 days, 94.9.100% of $100\;{\mu}g/L$ AMP remained after storage at $5^{\circ}C$, while 62.3.100% remained after storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Using the food code method, the recovery of AMO ranged from 64.1.92.0% and that of AMP from 44.8.86.2%. With a protein centrifugation method, the recovery of AMO ranged from 39.8.87.9% and that of AMP from 78.0.98.1%. With liquid-liquid extraction, the recovery of AMO ranged from 36.5.88.3% and that of AMP from 31.8.75.1%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze penicillin G (PEG), streptomycin (STR) and neomycin (NEO) residues in milk of healthy lactating cows. Milk samples were collected from all four quarters of 12 dairy cows 2−7 days after intramammary infusions of an ointment containing PEG, STR and NEO once (n = 4; group I) or twice (n = 4, group II) daily. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the antibiotic residues in the samples. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of the calibration curves for all antibiotics was > 0.999 and the limits of detection and quantification were $0.002-0.005{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.007-0.02{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Recovery rates were ranged from 75.5 to 92.3%. In group I, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 2 days post-treatment, respectively, which were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). In group II, PEG, STR and NEO residues were detected in milk at 2, 3 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively, which were bellow the MRL. These results suggest that a 3-day for milk withdrawal period after the ointment treatment might be sufficient for reduction of the antibiotic residues below the MRL.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1993

Eight strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil in Korea and characterized. The isolates were named HL-24, HL-25, HL-33, HL-34, HL-35, HL-38, HL-39, HL-40. Strains HL-24 and HL-25 produced irregular parasporal crystals, HL-33 and HL-35 produced bipyramidal crystals, and others were round form in their cells. The biochemical characteristics of the eight isolates were only minor different in specific characteristics to the known serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis. The HL-25, HL-33 and HL-34 strains showed resistances to cephalothin, colistin and penicillin G, and HL-39 and HL-40 strains were resistant to penicilin G. The strains of HL-24, HL-25, HL-33 and HL-34 were toxic to Bombyx mori lavae and HL-24, HL-25, HL-38, HL-39 and HL-40 strains killed Culex pipiens 3rd instar larvae. The HL-24 and H25 strains showed lethal activity against two kinds of the larvae, however lethality against mosquito larvae was low.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1999

To improve Bacillus strains producing biopolymer, conditions for protoplast formation and regeneration were investigated in biopolymer producing Bacillus subtilis K-1 and lactose utilizing Bacillus coagulans. Bacillus subtilis K-1 mutant (SM-2) and Bacillus coagulans mutants (CM-12) were marked auxotrophic and antibiotics-resistant (SM-2) and an antibiotics-resistant mutants, respectively. To formate protoplasts derived from the mutants, conditions were established as follows. For B. subtilis mutant SM-2, its culture in mid-logarithmic phase was added with penicillin G (1.0 unit/ml) and further reacted for 1.5 hr. Cells were collected and then treated in lysis fluid (pH 7.0) containing 0.4 M sucrose and lysozyme $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 40 min at $37^{\circ}$. Protoplast formation was very successful (99.6%) and the ratio of cell wall regeneration was 2.4%. For Bacillus coagulans mutant CM-12, its mid-logarithmic phase culture was treated with penicillin G (0.3 unit/ml) and glycine (0.5%) for 1hr. Cells were collected and then resuspended in lysis buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.6 M lactose and lysozyme $(300\;{\mu}g/ml)$ for 30 min at $37^{\circ}$. Protoplast formation was also successful (90.8%) and cell wall regeneration ratio was similar to SM-2 (2.2%). To improve regeneration frequency, regeneration medium was obtained as followed condition,. Cell wall regeneration was improved 2-4 folds with 5.1% for B. subtilis SM-2 and 10.3% for B. coagulans CM-12 when protoplasts mixed with soft top agar(0.4%) was overlaid onto trypticase soy broth medium containing 0.4 M sucrose, 0.7% casamino acid, 1% PVP, 25 mM $MgCl_2,\;25\;mM\;CaCl_₂$ and 1.5% agar.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.689-692
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• 1998

Bacterial species isolated from common scab lesion on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) was identified as Streptomyces acidiscabies. This organism had flexuous spore chains and white spore mass color, produced melanin pigment on tyrosine agar medium but did not produce on peptone agar medium. S. acidiscabies grew on agar medium at pH 4.0, used L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannitol, rhamnose, sucrose, D-xylose and meso-inositol except reffinose as carbon sources. It was also susceptible to thallium acetate (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), phenol (0.1%, wt/vol), streptomycin (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and was resistant to 7% NaCl, crystal violet (0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), penicillin (10 IU/ml) and oleandomycin (25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.733-739
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• 2015

Microalgae are a renewable natural resource that requires only sunlight, carbon dioxide, phosphorus, and nitrogen for rapid growth. They produce a broad variety of basic chemical substances―such as vitamins, fatty acids and carotenoids―that have high added value potential for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this study was to develop axenic culture and to establish a cell growth assay for microalgae. A further experiment was carried out to determine the yield of astaxanthin derived from microalgae. The axenic culture was developed using a mixture of antibiotics [ampicillin (100 ${\mu}g/ml$), streptomycin (10 ${\mu}g/ml$), chloramphenicol (10 ${\mu}g/ml$), penicillin (10 ${\mu}g/ml$), neomycin (50 ${\mu}g/ml$), gentamycin (50 ${\mu}g/ml$), kanamycin (10 ${\mu}g/ml$), and nystatin (1.5 ${\mu}g/ml$)] and then used to extract a variety of useful components from the microalgae. The optimal concentration for the antibiotic mixture was 1-3 percent. A spectrophotometric cell growth assay was also established. Astaxanthin was extracted from Haematococus lacustris with a yield of $1.9{\times}10^{-3}{\mu}g/l$ per 1 ml of culture medium. In conclusion, the axenic culture method developed here allows extraction of high-quality astaxanthin and other useful components from microalgae.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1276-1284
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• 2006

Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known high-risk foodborne pathogen that grows at refrigeration temperature and is responsible for outbreaks of listeriosis. We report here the incidence of L. monocytogenes in fresh chicken carcasses and present genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates. In this study, 25 g of chicken carcasses from markets in Korea were examined according to the FDA method, and presumptive isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay. L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis using restriction enzymes, ApaI and AscI, to obtain strain-specific DNA fragments profiles. Antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes strains against generally used antibiotics (Penicillin G, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Cephalothin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol) were analyzed by NCCLS protocols to examine the presence of antimicrobial resistance in natural L. monocytogenes. Of a total 274 chicken samples, 81 samples (29.6%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Listeria innocua (50.1%), Listeria welshimeri (6.9%), and Listeria grayi (11.3%) were also detected. PFGE analysis, using restriction enzymes ApaI and AscI, showed 27 pulsotypes of L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial resistance analysis confirmed the existence of antimicrobial resistance for penicillin G and tetracycline in isolated L. monocytogenes strains.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2014

Generalized anaphylaxis is a most dramatic and acutely life-threatening allergic reaction and may cause death within a few minutes. Differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis is made by clinical signs, such as, mental change, respiratory distress, hypotension, hypoglycemia, urticaria and angioedema. Especially, insulin reaction, myocardial infarction and vasovagal syncope are considered as differential diagnosis. In cases of fatal anaphylaxis, respiratory and cardiovascular disturbances predominate and are evident early in the reaction. This is a case report of the intensive care of anaphylactic shock after intravenous injection of the penicillin in a old medically compromised patient with the maxillary osteonecrosis. The anaphylactic shock symptoms, such as, unconsciousness, respiratory disorder, no pulsation on carotid artery and cardiopulmonary arrest are occurred in intravenous injection of augmentin 1.2 g after the skin test. In spite of immediate emergency cares, such as intravenous injection of epinephrine, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and continuous intensive care, the patient is expired in 58 hours after anaphylactic shock attack.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2014

A total of 122 rabbits (40 males, 51 females, 25 castrated males and 6 spayed females; age range: 3 months to 11 years; weight range: 0.8-3.4 kg) were admitted to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University from January 2012 to February 2013. The syphilis rapid test was positive in 21.3% of rabbits, with a significant difference in the rates of positivity between male versus female rabbits and rabbits younger than 1 year versus older than 1 year of age (both p < 0.01). Skin lesions were detected around the lips (59.1%), nose (56.5%), genitalia (50.0%), anus (40.9%) and eyelids (18.2%). Coexisting skin lesions were found on the nose and lips (26.0%); anus and genitalia (21.8%); lips, anus and genitalia (17.4%) of rabbits. Twenty-two rabbits with skin lesions were subcutaneously treated with Penicillin G (48,000-84,000 IU/kg, Green cross, Korea) every 7 days for three or four weeks. All skin lesions were disappeared after Penicillin G treatment. In conclusion, a rabbits with skin lesions and serological test positive for syphilis should undergo prompt treatment and not be used for breeding.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.399-403
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• 1999

For the production of trehalose, microorganisms capable of producing trehalose extracellularly were screened from the stock cultures in our laboratory. among them, Micrococcus luteus IFO 12708 showed the highest productivity of trehalose. For the increase of productivity, the mutant strai Hs-208 having higher trehalose production was selected with NTG(N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine) mutagenesis, which led to the decrease of the specific activity of trehalose phosphorylase(3.2-fold) as compared to the wild strain. The optimum condition for the trehalose production was established as follows: 20g/l of glucose and 6g/l of tryptone were used as a sole carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively, and cultivations were carried out at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. After 20hrs cultivation, addition of 20unit/ml penicillin G led to the higher conversion yield of trehalose. Under the optimum condition, 6.547g/l trehalose was produced with conversion yield of 32.7%.