• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 1985

A clinical evaluation was performed on 811 cases of chest trauma who were admitted and treated at the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, Catholic Medical College, during the past 19 years from Jan. 1966 to Dec. 1984. 1. The overall incidence rate of male to female was 3:1. 2. The common age groups were 4th, 5th, and 3rd decades. 3. The most common cause of chest trauma was stab in penetrating wound and traffic accidents in non penetrating wound. 4. The most common injury from non penetrating chest trauma was rib fracture [81.3%], and the incidence rate of flail chest was 14.5% of all cases of rib fractures. 5. The incidence rate of hemo-pneumothorax was 50.4% in non penetrating wounds, and 55.2% in penetrating wounds. 6. The most common method of surgical treatment was CTD [33.5%], and open thoracotomy was performed in 67 cases [8.3%]. 7, The overall mortality was 3.3% [27 cases], and common causes of the death were shock and respiratory insufficiency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 1992

From january 1970 through december 1990, 130 cases of patients with chest penetrating injury were admitted to department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Chosun University Hospital. We analyzed above patients and obtained results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 7.1:1 in male predominance, and the majority[69.6%] was distributed from 2nd to 3rd decade. 2. The most common cause of chest penetrating injuries was stab wound. 3. 110 cases[84.5%] were arrived to our emergency room within six hours after trauma. 4. The most common injuring mode was hemo, pneumothorax. 5. The frequently injured site of the penetrating chest trauma was left side of the chest [64.65%]. 6. The common associated injuries of penetrating chest injuries were extremities injuries, abdominal injuries, head & facial injuries. 7. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy[78 cases], open thoracotomy[20 cases], laparatomy[12 cases]. 8. The overall motality was 3.07%[4/130], and the causes were hypovolemic shock, sepsis and asphyxia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.715-722
• /
• 1987

A clinical analysis was performed on 823 cases of the chest trauma experienced at department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the past 8 years from Jan, 1978 to Aug. 1986. 1. the ratio of male to female patient of the chest trauma was 3:1 in male predominance. 2. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades. 3. The most common causes of the chest trauma was traffic accidents [79.8%] were injured due to non-penetrating injuries and the remainders [166/823, 20.2%] were injured due to penetrating injuries 4. The frequently injured site of the chest trauma was left side of the chest [46%], and the right side was 42% 5. The most common injury from non-penetrating trauma was rib fracture [77.5%], and the incidence rate of flail chest was 59% of all cases of rib fractures. 6. The incidence rate of hemopneumothorax was 42.9% in non-penetrating traumas, and 84.3% in penetrating traumas. 7. The most common method of surgical treatment was closed tube thoracostomy [37.3%], and open thoracotomy was performed in 71 cases [8.6%]. 8. the overall mortality was 2.2%, and common causes of death were cerebral damage, respiratory insufficiency, and hypovolemic shock.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the effects between Mountain-burning fire method and Heaven-penetrating cooling method on thermographic change. Materials and Methods : The experiment was conducted to 20 students of College of Oriental Medicine, Woosuk University from July 12, 2011 to July 26, 2011. Acupuncture stimulation was applied at left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$) with Mountain-burning fire method in A group(n=10) and Heaven-penetrating cooling method in B group (n=10). To estimate thermographic change, temperature of left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Shuigou$($GV_{26}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were measured by DITI(digital infrared thermographic image) before acupuncture stimulation and 30sec, 10min after needle removal. Results : In A group, the temperature of left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Shuigou$($GV_{26}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 30sec after needle removal, statistically. And the temperature of $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 10min after needle removal, statistically. In B group, the temperature of $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 10min after needle removal, statistically. But, there was no significant difference between two groups on thermographic change, statistically Conclusions : Acupuncture stimulation applied at left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$) with Mountain-burning fire method has more widespread effects than Heaven-penetrating cooling method. But further studies will be needed such as thermographic change with no stimulation and with more subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.475-482
• /
• 2007

The property and applicability of the organic-inorganic synthesized penetrating and reinforcing agent, which is developed in order to improve durability of concrete structures and prevent deterioration that may occur as service years increased, are researched with experimental works. TEOS (tetra-ethoxyorthosilicate) and acrylate monomer are synthesized by the solution polycondensation method in order to formulate silicate with sol-gel process and improve durability of concrete. Additional substances such as isobutyl-orthosilicate is supplemented in order to improve the performance of the agent. After the developed organic-inorganic penetrating reinforcing agent penetrates, a flexible impact alleviating layer is formed with organic monomers as well as the agent strengthens concrete by filling up the internal pore of concrete with stable compounds after penetration. Penetrating and reinforcing agent can be applied as an effective life management method because it makes concrete more durable against the aging factors, such as chloride ion, carbonation, freezing-thawing, and compound aging.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.895-906
• /
• 2014

A fundamental study of the dynamically penetrating anchor (DPA - colloquially known as torpedo anchor) embedded into deep seabed was conducted using measurement data and numerical approaches. Numerical simulation of such a structure penetration was often suffered by severe mesh distortion arising from very large soil deformation, complex contact condition and nonlinear soil behavior. In recent years, a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method (CEL) has been used to solve geomechanical boundary value problems involving large deformations. In this study, 3D finite element analyses using the CEL formulation are carried out to simulate the construction process of dynamic anchors. Through comparisons with results of field measurements, the CEL method in the present study is in good agreement with the general trend observed by in-situ measurements and thus, predicts a realistic large deformation movement for the dynamic anchors by free-fall dropping, which the conventional FE method cannot. Additionally, the appropriate parametric studies needed for verifying the characteristic of dynamic anchor are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2015

The pressure penetrating steel pipe pile method which can be constructed in a narrow space using the hydraulic jack is used on the foundation reinforcement, extension of the structure and basement, restoration of the differential settlement etc.. This method is possible to construct in narrow areas and low story height, the non-noise and non-vibration works, and it is possible for the construction site to be clean without slime. And it is possible to confirm the bearing capacity of pile due to penetrating the pile with the compression load of hydraulic jack. In this study, the static load test with the load-transfer test was carried out to investigate the bearing behavior characteristics of the pressure penetrating steel pipe pile. Four series of static load test were executed to investigate the variation of bearing behavior of the pressure penetrating steel pipe pile. As a result of these tests, the allowable load of the pressure penetrating steel pipe was evaluated more than 637 kN, and the shaft resistance corresponding to 81~86% of each applied load was mobilized with only a small portion of the base resistance acting. And it was also evaluated that the unit skin friction was mobilized to maximum value after two months.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2024

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey is a geophysical method that utilizes electromagnetic waves reflecting from a boundary where the electromagnetic property changes. As the frequency of the antenna is about 25 MHz ~ 1 GHz, it is effective to acquire high resolution images of underground pipe, artificial structure, underground cavity, and underground structure. In this study, we analyzed the change of signals reflected from the same underground objects according to the arrangement of transceiver antennas used in ground penetrating radar survey. The antenna used in the experiment was 200 MHz, and the survey was performed in the vertical direction across the sewer and the parallel direction along the sewer to the sewer buried under the road, respectively. A total of five antenna array methods were applied to the survey. The most used arrangement is when the transmitting and receiving antennas are all perpendicular to the survey line (PR-BD). The PR-BD arrangement is effective when the object underground is a horizontal reflector with an angle of less than 30°, such as the sewer under investigation. In this case study, it was confirmed that the transmitter and receiver antennas perpendicular to the survey line (PR-BD) are the most effective way to show the underground structure. In addition, in the case where the transmitting and receiving antennas are orthogonal to each other (XPOL), no specific reflected wave was observed in both experiments measured across or parallel to the sewer. Therefore, in the case of detecting undiscovered objects in the underground, the PR-BD array method in which the transmitting and receiving antennas are aligned in the direction perpendicular to the survey line taken as a reference and the XPOL method in which the transmitting and receiving antennas are orthogonal to each other are all used, it can be effective to apply both of the above arrangements after setting the direction to 45° and 135°.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.123-126
• /
• 1981

190 cases of the thoracic injuries experienced at the department of chest surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, for 5 years from Jan. 1976 till Dec 1980, were analysed. The results are as follows; 1. The incidence rate of male to female was 5.1:1. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades, and the most common age group in the penetrating injury was 3rd decade. 2. The most common mode of the nonpenetrating injuries was a traffic accident [63.0%], and the most commonly used tool in the penetrating injuries is a knife [66.7%]. 3. The most common nonpenetrating injury was rib fracture [73.9%], and the common fracture sites were 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th ribs [especially, 7th rib]. The incidence rate of flail chest was 15% of the cases of the rib fractures. 4. The common associated injuries of the nonpenetrating were long bone fracture [18.3%], brain contusion [15.9%], and clavicle fracture etc.. 5. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy [46.7%], thoracentesis, and open thoracotomy [7.4%] etc.. 6. The overall mortality was 2.8%. [Nonpenetrating; 0.8%, Penetrating; 6.3%]

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2006

Depot have a lagged behind structure in the side of building up the view. With this reason, people have been recognized depot as hatred facility causes to have car noise, air pollution. In the other hand, depot become a underground and complex facility as a higher-value added building, and moreover, it need to understand the environment that depot structure have a specific field condition to apply green roof system. 1) Analysis proper waterproofing material and root barrier apply to depot need root penetrating test method 2) Suggest root barrier and waterproofing material relate to maintain and construction for green roof system 3) Construction condition for depot have crack movement of structure by vehicle vibration and root penetrating force by plant growth