• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2019

Objectives : Although the tonification and sedation method such as mountain-burning fire method and heaven-penetrating cooling method, is one of the important techniques that have been claimed to increase the effect of acupuncture, research on this has been sparse. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of tonification and sedation methods in the "Yeongsochimgugyeong". Methods : We analyzed the similarities and differences by comparing the contents of the tonification and sedation method described in books "Yeongsochimgugyeon" and "Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion" Results : A total of 28 out of the 33 tonification and sedation methods described in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were compared with those in "Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion". As a result, we found that many of the tonification and sedation methods recorded in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were based on more detailed and specific clinical cases. Conclusions : The tonification and sedation methods in "Yeongsochimgugyeon" were not only descriptive and consistent in describing that methods, but also contains valuable information for clinical use. In the future, based on this research, we will be able to clinically implement these tonification and sedation methods and quantitatively evaluate them.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.711-719
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Collagen organization within tissues has a critical role in wound regeneration. Collagen fibril diameter, arrangements and maturity between connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and mismatch scrambled siRNA-treated wound were compared to evaluate the efficacy of CTGF siRNA as a future implement for scar preventive medicine. METHODS: Nanocomplexes of CTGF small interfering RNA (CTGF siRNA) with cell penetrating peptides (KALA and $MPG^{{\Delta}NLS}$) were formulated and their effects on CTGF downregulation, collagen fibril diameter and arrangement were investigated. Various ratios of CTGF siRNA and peptide complexes were prepared and down-regulation were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Control and CTGF siRNA modified cells-populated collagen lattices were prepared and rates of contraction measured. Collagen organization in rabbit ear 8 mm biopsy punch wound at 1 day to 8 wks post injury time were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and histology was investigated with Olympus System and TS-Auto software. CONCLUSION: CTGF expression was down-regulated to 40% of control by CTGF siRNA/KALA (1:24) complexes (p<0.01) and collagen lattice contraction was inhibited. However, down-regulated of CTGF by CTGF $siRNA/MPG^{{\Delta}NLS}$ complexes was not statistically significant. CTGF KALA-treated wound appeared with well formed-basket weave pattern of collagen fibrils with mean diameter of $128{\pm}22nm$ (n = 821). Mismatch siRNA/KALA-treated wound showed a high frequency of parallel small diameter fibrils (mean $90{\pm}20nm$, n = 563). CONCLUSION: Controlling over-expression of CTGF by peptide-mediated siRNA delivery could improve the collagen orientation and tissue remodeling in full thickness rabbit ear wound.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2021

Background Despite the wide demand for thin flaps for various types of extremity reconstruction, the thin elevation technique for anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps is not very popular because of its technical difficulty and safety concerns. This study proposes a novel perforator-centralizing technique for super-thin ALT flaps and analyzes its effects in comparison with a skewed-perforator group. Methods From June 2018 to January 2020, 41 patients who required coverage of various types of defects with a single perforator-based super-thin ALT free flap were enrolled. The incidence of partial necrosis and proportion of the necrotic area were analyzed on postoperative day 20 according to the location of superficial penetrating perforators along the flap. The centralized-perforator group was defined as having a perforator anchored to the middle third of the x- and y-axes of the flap, while the skewed-perforator group was defined as having a perforator anchored outside of the middle third of the x- and y-axes of the flap. Results No statistically significant difference in flap thickness and dimension was found between the two groups. The arterial and venous anastomosis patterns of patients in both groups were not significantly different. Only the mean partial necrotic area showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (centralized-perforator group, 3.4%±2.2%; skewed-perforator group, 15.8%±8.6%; P=0.022). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that super-thin ALT perforator flaps can be elevated safely, with minimal partial necrosis, using the perforator-centralizing technique.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

Background: Diaphragmatic injuries following blunt or penetrating thoraco-abdominal trauma are rare, but can be life-threatening. Rib fractures are the most common associated injury in patients with a traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). We hypothesized that the pattern of rib fracture injuries could dictate the likelihood of acute TDIs. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between April 2014 and October 2018 to analyze patients with TDIs and rib fractures at a major trauma center in London, United Kingdom. Results: Over the study period, 1,560 patients had rib fractures, of whom 14 had associated diaphragmatic injuries. Left-sided diaphragmatic injuries were found in 8 patients (57%). A significant proportion of the rib fractures were located posterolaterally (44.9%). The highest frequency of fractures was found in ribs 5-10, which accounted for 74% of all the fractures. Ten patients underwent surgery, of whom 7 were diagnosed with a diaphragmatic injury intraoperatively after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery assessment of the pleural cavity. Two patients died due to severe injuries of other organs and the remaining 2 patients were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our series of patients demonstrates a relationship between significant rib fractures and diaphragmatic injuries in trauma patients, and the diagnostic difficulties in identifying the condition. We found that the location of the rib fractures and the pattern of injury in patients with TDIs were much lower and posterolateral in the chest wall without a preference for laterality. We suggest using a thoracoscope in patients undergoing chest wall surgery post-trauma to aid in diagnosing this condition.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

Purpose: The detection and exact localization of penetrating foreign bodies are crucial for the appropriate management of patients with dentoalveolar trauma. This study compared the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and spiral computed tomography (CT) scans for the detection of different foreign bodies composed of 5 frequently encountered materials in 2 sizes. The effect of the location of the foreign bodies on their visibility was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, metal, tooth, stone, glass, and plastic particles measuring 1×1×1 mm and 2×2×2 mm were prepared. They were implanted in a sheep's head in the tongue muscle, nasal cavity, and at the interface of the mandibular cortex and soft tissue. CBCT and spiral CT scans were taken and the visibility of foreign bodies was scored by 4 skilled maxillofacial radiologists who were blinded to the location and number of foreign bodies. Results: CT and CBCT were equally accurate in visualizing metal, stone, and tooth particles of both sizes. However, CBCT was better for detecting glass particles in the periosteum. Although both imaging modalities visualized plastic particles poorly, CT was slightly better for detecting plastic particles, especially the smaller ones. Conclusion: Considering the lower patient radiation dose and cost, CBCT can be used with almost equal accuracy as CT for detecting foreign bodies of different compositions and sizes in multiple maxillofacial regions. However, CT performed better for detecting plastic particles.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.525-536
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• 2012

This paper proposes methods of securing Smart Grid system against various types of cyber threats by separating AMI networks from the public network, the Internet, and providing an AMI specific authentication framework. Due to the fact that thousands and millions of AMI devices to be deployed would be directly or indirectly connected to the public network without any authentication procedures for access control, currently being developed AMI architectures could be widely exposed to considerable number of penetrating attacks. Furthermore, there have not been a sufficient number of researches on authentication frameworks with basis on the specific circumstances of AMI networking that should support varied authentication protocols among security associations and AMI linking devices. This work makes a proposal of isolating smart meters from HAN devices and the Internet and integrating network/application level authentication frameworks with an EAP-based authentication architecture. These approaches are beneficial to deploy AMI with security and efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2021

In order to reduce the irresistible radiation exposure of patients who perform periodic examinations using a CT among various scan parameters a method to reduce patient dose was investigated through changes in the tube voltage close to X-ray penetrating power. As a result of the experiment 100 kVp was applied instead of 120 kVp which is commonly used in clinical practice and CTDI decreased by about 41% during scan. In addition the degree of change in image quality was measured as 1046.1±3.7 HU for CT value and 71.4±7.9 for Pixel value and statistical analysis showed no significant difference (0.05

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose Automatic detection system of underground pipe which automatically detects underground pipe to help experts. Actual location of underground pipe does not match with blueprint due to various factors such as ground changes over time, construction discrepancies, etc. So, various accidents occur during excavation or just by ageing. Locating underground utilities is done through GPR exploration to prevent these accidents but there are shortage of experts, because GPR data is enormous and takes long time to analyze. In this paper, To analyze 3D GPR data automatically, we use 3D image segmentation, one of deep learning technique, and propose proper data generation algorithm. We also propose data augmentation technique and pre-processing module that are adequate to GPR data. In experiment results, we found the possibility for pipe analysis using image segmentation through our system recorded the performance of F1 score 40.4%.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.33-48
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• 2021

The rock anchorage of a suspension bridge is an outstanding anchorage type from environmental and economical perspective, although it should be applied when the bearing foundation is fresh enough to resist large cable loads. In practice, geotechnical engineers have encountered difficulties in designing the anchorage structure due to the fact that the physical behaviors of rocks against cable loads have not yet been fully proved and its design method was not established yet. In this study, model tests and numerical studies were performed to evaluate the behavior of the rock anchorage system planned under hard rock layers in domestic islands, and results suggest that the shape of asymmetric rock wedges can resist the tension loads with self weight and shear resistance. Additionally, real scale trial tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of an inclined drilling penetrating hard rock layers to install tendon to the bearing plate.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2021

Culture tests are very important in choosing the appropriate antibiotics for bacterial infections. In some cases, bacteria that could not be identified in standard culture bottles could be detected using blood culture bottles. A previously healthy 13-year-old boy visited our emergency room. He experienced pain, redness, and hardness of periumbilical skin and a fever for five days. There was no history of abdominal surgery and penetrating trauma. Computed tomography showed abscess with cellulitis at the periumbilical soft tissue with no congenital anomaly. Ultrasonography-guided aspiration was performed, and about 8.5 mL of the purulent abscess was aspirated. The abscess was cultured using blood culture bottle. The pus grew Actinomyces radingae and Clostridium ramosum. When performing the pus culture, using blood culture bottles can be more effective and rapid than the standard culture method for the detection of bacterial pathogens.