• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2010

Purpose: Fever is a common symptom of illness in children that is often misunderstood and inappropriately managed by parents. The purposes of this study were to investigate perception, knowledge of childhood fever and fever management and self-efficacy in fever management by parents and to identify the relationship between knowledge of childhood fever and fever management, and self-efficacy in management of fever. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was used with 101 parents of children ages 3 months to 5 yr who were seen in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: Many parents reported a high level of fear about fever and its possible complications. Most parents used over-the-counter medications to reduce fever even when their children had mild to moderate fever. The mean correct percent on the knowledge scale was 51.0%. Most parents did not recognize the benefits of fever. There were statistically significant positive correlations between knowledge of fever and fever management and self-efficacy in management of fever. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to develop and evaluate educational programs that will provide parent education on fever and fever management.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2007

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) can be defined as an X-linked recessive leukodystrophy that is caused by a mutation in the proteolipid protein gene on chromosome Xq22. PMD is one of a group of progressive, degenerative disorders of the cerebral white matter known as the leukodystrophies. Due to the progressive nature of the disorders and their devastating effects on the central nervous system, these children frequently require anesthesia during imaging procedures such as MRI or during various surgical procedures. Anesthetic concerns in theses cases include high prevalence of seizure disorders, gastroesophageal reflux with the risk of aspiration, airway complications related to poor pharyngeal muscle control and copious oral secretions, and mental retardation. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with PMD for dental procedures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify factors which influence breastfeeding adaptation from among the following: parity and feeding behavior, social support, psychological, and demographic factors. Methods: The respondents were 179 breastfeeding mothers. Data were collected from June 2 to 19, 2009 at two community health centers and one pediatric outpatient department. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program and included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The major findings of this study were: 1) Significant differences in the level of breastfeeding adaptation were related to number of children, current problems related to breastfeeding, and lay supporters. 2) Level of breastfeeding adaptation was significantly related to marriage satisfaction, proportion of breastfeeding, length of previous breastfeeding, planned length of breastfeeding, parenting stress, and encouragement to breastfeed given by medical personnel. 3) Regression analysis showed that parenting stress, marriage satisfaction, current problems related to breastfeeding, and proportion of breastfeeding explained 44.3% of variance for breastfeeding adaptation. Length of previous breastfeeding also explained 9.7% of breastfeeding adaptation among mothers who had breastfed an elder child. Conclusion: Mothers with lower marriage satisfaction, breastfeeding problems, and higher parenting stress require more help from their family and nurses for breastfeeding adaptation. Future research should include variables, such as mother's and baby's behavior related to breastfeeding, knowledge about breastfeeding, and attitude toward breastfeeding.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.262-271
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to explore association of maternal role adjustments, parenting stresses, and demographic factors to breastfeeding adaptation. Methods: A correlational survey design was used to recruit 183 mothers who breastfeed or breastfed their babies. Participants' visited outpatient departments and were admitted to pediatric ward at 2 hospitals in metropolitan city of Korea. Inclusion criteria for subjects were mothers whose babies were from 1 month to 24 months old. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire for mothers' and babies' demographic variables, maternal role adjustments, parenting stresses, and maternal breastfeeding adaptations. Results: Higher levels of maternal adaptations and low levels of parenting stresses were associated with greater maternal breastfeeding adaptations. Types of feeding during hospital stays and baby's health status at birth were also associated with maternal breastfeeding adaptation. Conclusion: Results showed that a higher level of mothers' adjustment to breastfeeding; indicated lesser parenting stresses with higher levels of maternal adaptation. Nursing interventions for breastfeeding should be applied for appropriate breastfeeding adaptation during mothers' hospital stay. As baby's poor health status at birth medical team should provide a proper breastfeeding education.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2015

Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are morphologically similar to each other, and only genetic method can differentiate clearly between the 2 species. A strobila of diphyllobothriid tapeworm discharged from a 7-year-old boy was analyzed to identify the species by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequencing. He and his family (total 4 persons) ate slices of 3 kinds of raw fish 16 days before visiting our outpatient clinic. All family members complained of abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. They all expelled tapeworm strobilae in their stools. They were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel and then complained of no more symptoms. The cox1 gene sequencing of the strobila from the boy revealed 99.9% (687/688 bp) similarity with D. nihonkaiense and only 93.2% (641/688 bp) similarity with D. latum. Thus, we assigned this tapeworm as D. nihonkaiense. This is the first report of D. nihonkaiense infection in a family in Korea, and this report includes the 8th pediatric case in Korea. The current report is meaningful because D. nihonkaiense infection within a family is rare.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial adjustment in children aged 4-11 years with cancer between on and off treatment. Method: The data was collected from parents of children with cancer through interviews with structured questionnaire at the pediatric outpatient department and inpatient ward of one university hospital located in Seoul. The instrument were the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) developed by Achenbach(1991) and revised to standardize for Korean children by Oh et al(1997). Result: Total behavior problem score for children on treatment was greater than the score off treatment but there was no significant difference. Children on treatment reported higher levels of depression/anxiety, withdrawal, internalizing scores than children off treatment. Social competence score of children off treatment was greater than the score on treatment and the difference of school performance score of children between on and off treatment was not significant. The scores on the withdrawal, somatic complaints, social immaturity, internalizing scales in the cancer group including both on and off treatment was greater than normative findings in the general population. The scores on the school competence of children off treatment were lower than the norms for healthy children. Conclusion: Findings from this study support the importance of nursing interventions to facilitate the adjustment of children with cancer both on and off therapy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2010

General anesthesia has been researched and developed in dentistry as on type of management technique to sedate patients who may be uncontrollable or require medical consideration. There has been continuous research into this area, but analysis of large set of patients over a sustained period of time is lacking. Thus, this study analyzes the records of patients who received general anesthesia at the Yonsei University Dental Hospital Department of Pediatric and Clinic for the Disabled. 1. Patient's age ranged from 1 to 66, with under 5 being the largest group with 410 members(38.5%). The study included more men than women, with 695 male members(65.3%). 2. Type of dental procedure performed were as follows(per person) : 5.6 Dental restoration; 2.3 Endodontic treatment of deciduous and primary teeth; 2.5 preformed crowning; and 1.6 extractions. Procedures took an average of 100 minutes. 3. 1022 patients(95.9%) received dental care under general anesthesia once and 43 patients(4.1%) received dental care under general anesthesia two or more times. Dentistry under general anesthesia has the many benefit. However, without appropriate post-treatment care, it is difficult to maintain good oral health. Therefore, it is important to improve the efficiency and safety of general anesthesia through future research.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the changing prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children, of different age groups, with recurrent abdominal pain over a 10-year period. Methods: Children with recurrent abdominal pain who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic at university hospital were screened for H. pylori. Children were divided into 3 age categories of 4-5, 6-11, and 12-16 years. To study the changes in the annual prevalence rates of H. pylori infection, the study period was divided into 3 time periods: 2004-2007, 2008-2010, and 2011-2014. Urea breath test was performed for all children aged 4-16 years, with a cut-off value of 4.0‰ for children aged ${\geq}6$ years and 7‰ for children aged <6 years. Results: A total of 2,530 children (1,191 boys) with a mean age of $10.0{\pm}3.0years$ (range, 4.0-16.9 years) were included in the study. The total prevalence of H. pylori infection was 7.4% (187/2,530). The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain was 8.0% (70/873) in 2004-2007, 7.7% (51/666) in 2008-2010, and 6.7% (66/991) in the 2011-2014. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed in the prevalence rate between children <12 years old and ${\geq}12$ years of age (p=0.018). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Korean children with recurrent abdominal pain was 7.4%, showing no significant decrease in the last 11 years; however, the prevalence rate in children <12 years old was significantly lower than that in those ${\geq}12$ years old.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

Purpose: Infantile constipation is one of the most common problems in pediatric gastrointestinal outpatient clinic. We planed to show the clinical feature of infantile constipation and explore the possible relationship between diets and symptoms of constipation. Methods: We analyzed the medical records and telephone questionnaire about infants under 2 years of age with constipation, who visited outpatient clinic of Department of Pediatrics, Ilsan Paik Hospital during the time from March 2002 to February 2005. Data including the symptoms and signs of constipation, diet history, and past-medical history were analyzed. Results: Total 96 infants, 40 male and 56 female, were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 9 months. Twenty-three infants were exclusively breast milk fed (BMF), 20 infants were cow's milk fed (CMF) and 53 infants had a history of mixed feeding with cow's milk and breast milk (MMF). Patients showed painful defecation (95.8%), abdominal distension (53.1%), palpable rectal stool (35.1%), hard stool (30.2%), blood-tinged stool (29.2%) and anal fissure (16.7%). Patients with exclusive cow milk feeding had prominent clinical features, such as anal fissure (p=0.03), hematochezia (p=0.04) and palpable rectal stool (p=0.025). Patients who had a history of larger intake of liquid food had a tendency to get anal skin tag (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exclusive breast milk feeding seemed important to avoid constipation with clinical significance. To educate caregivers in appropriate way of the weaning food may help the infants with constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 2020

Objectives: Our study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents during their first visit to psychiatric outpatient departments for the management of suicidal ideation and behavior, and to compare the changes before and in 2012 or later. Methods: This multicenter study was conducted at five university hospitals in a metropolitan area in South Korea. Medical records of patients aged 6-18 years were retrospectively reviewed from January 2009 to December 2016. Patients were analyzed by classifying them into suicidal and non-suicidal groups based on their visit to the hospital for management of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt and other mental problems, respectively. Results: There were differences in the year of visit, diagnosis, education level, and referral sources between patients in the suicidal and non-suicidal groups. Multiple regression analysis was conducted based on the sex, education level, referral by school, and diagnosis of depression in patients in the suicidal group, which revealed significant association. Conclusion: Suicide-related problems were significantly associated with the sex, education level, referral by school, and a diagnosis of depression in the patients. A well-connected referral system would be necessary for professional mental health management of high-risk children and adolescents.