• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2023

Currently, a new energy system is emerging that implements consumption reduction by improving energy efficiency. Accordingly, as smart grids spread, the rate system by timing is expanding. The rate system by timing is a rate system that applies different rates by season/hour to pay according to usage. In this study, external factors such as temperature/day/time/season are considered and the time series prediction model, LSTM, is used to predict energy power usage data. Based on this energy usage prediction model, energy usage charges are reduced by analyzing usage patterns for each device and transferring power energy from the maximum load time to the light load time. In order to analyze the usage pattern for each device, a clustering technique is used to learn and classify the usage pattern of the device by time. In summary, this study predicts usage and usage fees based on the user's power data usage, analyzes usage patterns by device, and provides customized demand transfer services based on analysis, resulting in cost reduction for users.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was undertaken to compare ability of frozen-thawed sperm characteristics between two strains (miniature pig and Duroc). The semen was collected by gloved-hand method into a pre-warmed ($37^{\circ}C$) thermos bottle. The semen was diluted with same volume extender and added to LEY solution for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5 ml straws, and freezing was initiated by exposing the straws to liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapours for 10 min before placing them into $LN_2$ for cryopreservation. The frozen-semen straw were thawed at 20, 37 and $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 min, 45 sec and 10 sec within water-bath. The semen sample were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h after incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for analysis of sperm ability. Abnormality of spermatozoa in miniature pig was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Duroc at 0, 9 and 12 h of post-thawing incubation after frozen-thawing. The percentage of F-patterned spermatozoa in miniature pig was significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the percentage of AR (acrosome reacted spermatozoa) pattern was higher in the miniature than in the Duroc. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the viability of spermatozoa thawed at different temperature ($20^{\circ}C\;and\;37^{\circ}C$) between two species, but the viability in miniature pig was higher (p<0.05) than in Duroc when sperm was thawed at $50^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, this study suggest that suitable freezing method for miniature pig semen is required for increasing post-thawing viability and fertilization capacity.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.109-123
• /
• 2012

Many kinds of the education systems are provided to students. Many kinds of the contents like School subjects, license, job training education and so on are provided through many kinds of the media like text, image, video and so on. Students will apply the knowledge they learnt and will use it when they learn other things. In the existing education system, there have been many situations that the education system isn't really helpful to the students because too hard contents are transferred to them or because too easy contents are transferred to them and they learn the contents they already know again. To solve this phenomenon, a method that transfers the most proper lecture contents to the students is suggested in the thesis. Because the difficulty is relative, the contents A can be easier than the contents B to a group of the students and the contents B can be easier than the contents A to another group of the students. Therefore, it is not easy to measure the difficulty of the lecture contents. A method considering this phenomenon to transfer the proper lecture contents is suggested in the thesis. The whole lecture contents are divided into many lecture modules. The students solve the pattern recognition questions, a kind of the prior test questions, before studying the lecture contents and the system selects and provides the most proper lecture module among many lecture modules to the students according to the score about the questions. When the system selects the lecture module and transfer it to the student, the students' answer and the difficulty of the lecture modules are considered. In the existing education system, 1 kind of the content is transferred to various students. If the same lecture contents is transferred to various students, the contents will not be transferred efficiently. The system selects the proper contents using the students' pattern recognition answers. The pattern recognition question is a kind of the prior test question that is developed on the basis of the lecture module and used to recognize whether the student knows the contents of the lecture module. Because the difficulty of the lecture module reflects the all scores of the students' answers, whenever a student submits the answer, the difficulty is changed. The suggested system measures the relative knowledge of the students using the answers and designates the difficulty. The improvement of the suggested method is only applied when the order of the lecture contents has nothing to do with the progress of the lecture. If the contents of the unit 1 should be studied before studying the contents of the unit 2, the suggested method is not applied. The suggested method is introduced on the basis of the subject "English grammar", subjects that the order is not important, in the thesis. If the suggested method is applied properly to the education environment, the students who don't know enough basic knowledge will learn the basic contents well and prepare the basis to learn the harder lecture contents. The students who already know the lecture contents will not study those again and save more time to learn more various lecture contents. Many improvement effects like these and so on will be provided to the education environment. If the suggested method that is introduced on the basis of the subject "English grammar" is applied to the various education systems like primary education, secondary education, job education and so on, more improvement effects will be provided. The direction to realize these things is suggested in the thesis. The suggested method is realized with the MySQL database and Java, JSP program. It will be very good if the suggested method is researched developmentally and become helpful to the development of the Korea education.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2020

For the past few decades, as part of efforts to protect the environment where fossil fuels, which have been a key energy resource for mankind, are becoming increasingly depleted and pollution due to industrial development, ecofriendly secondary batteries, hydrogen generating energy devices, energy storage systems, and many other new energy technologies are being developed. Among them, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) is considered to be a next-generation energy device suitable for application as a large-capacity battery and capable of industrial application due to its high energy density and long lifespan. However, considering the growing battery market such as eco-friendly electric vehicles and drones, it is expected that a large amount of battery waste will spill out from some point due to the end of life. In order to prepare for this situation, development of a process for recovering lithium and various valuable metals from waste batteries is required, and at the same time, a plan to recycle them is socially required. In this study, we introduce a nanoscale pattern transfer printing (NTP) process of Li2CO3, a representative anode material for lithium ion batteries, one of the strategic materials for recycling waste batteries. First, Li2CO3 powder was formed by pressing in a vacuum, and a 3-inch sputter target for very pure Li2CO3 thin film deposition was successfully produced through high-temperature sintering. The target was mounted on a sputtering device, and a well-ordered Li2CO3 line pattern with a width of 250 nm was successfully obtained on the Si substrate using the NTP process. In addition, based on the nTP method, the periodic Li2CO3 line patterns were formed on the surfaces of metal, glass, flexible polymer substrates, and even curved goggles. These results are expected to be applied to the thin films of various functional materials used in battery devices in the future, and is also expected to be particularly helpful in improving the performance of lithium-ion battery devices on various substrates.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2007

Intelligent pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) are inspection vehicles that move along within a (gas or oil) pipeline and acquire signals (also called sensor data) from their surrounding rings of sensors. By analyzing the signals captured in intelligent PIGs, we can detect pipeline defects, such as holes and curvatures and other potential causes of gas explosions. There are two major data access patterns apparent when an analyzer accesses the pipeline signal data. The first is a sequential pattern where an analyst reads the sensor data one time only in a sequential fashion. The second is the repetitive pattern where an analyzer repeatedly reads the signal data within a fixed range; this is the dominant pattern in analyzing the signal data. The existing PIG software reads signal data directly from the server at every user#s request, requiring network transfer and disk access cost. It works well only for the sequential pattern, but not for the more dominant repetitive pattern. This problem becomes very serious in a client/server environment where several analysts analyze the signal data concurrently. To tackle this problem, we devise a fast in-memory cache manager, called T-Cache, by considering pipeline sensor data as multiple time-series data and by efficiently caching the time-series data at T-Cache. To the best of the authors# knowledge, this is the first research on caching pipeline signals on the client-side. We propose a new concept of the signal cache line as a caching unit, which is a set of time-series signal data for a fixed distance. We also provide the various data structures including smart cursors and algorithms used in T-Cache. Experimental results show that T-Cache performs much better for the repetitive pattern in terms of disk I/Os and the elapsed time. Even with the sequential pattern, T-Cache shows almost the same performance as a system that does not use any caching, indicating the caching overhead in T-Cache is negligible.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2003

Some new nanohybrid materials have been synthesized by intercalating the oxotitanium(IV) meso-tetrakis(4- sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin$(O=Ti^{(IV)} TSPP)$ into the Zn/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and their structures and photophysical properties have been investigated by various laser spectroscopic techniques. According to the XRD pattern of the synthesized nanohybrid materials, the macrocycle plane of $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP are grafted perpendicular to the LDH layers. The $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP-intercalated LDH exhibits band broadening of the absorption spectrum and a blue shift of Q-band as compared to that observed in solution. Resonance Raman spectral measurements demonstrate that the positively charged LDHs give rise to a slight decrease of the electronic density of the porphyrin ring accompanying a small change of the electronic distribution of the $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP. Consequently the LDH environment affects the energies of the two highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of the $O=Ti^{(IV)}$) TSPP, $a_{1u}$ and $a_{2u}$, producing a mixed orbital character. Being consistent with these electronic structural changes of $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP in LDH, both the fluorescence spectral change and the fsdiffuse reflectance transient measurements imply that the photoexcitation of the $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP intercalated into LDH undergoes fast relaxation to the O=Ti(IV) $TSPP^+-LDH^- $charge transfer (CT) state within a few picoseconds, followed by a photoinduced electron transfer between the O=Ti(IV) TSPP and LDHs with a rate constant greater than %1×10^{10}S^{-1}$. No evidence is found for back electron transfer. In conclusion, the $O=Ti^{(IV)}$ TSPP intercalated LDH seems to be a possible candidate for an artificial reaction center for an efficient solar energy conversion system.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.131-143
• /
• 2000

Several theoretical analyses are performed to predict the vertical load on embankment piles with cap beams. The piles are installed in a row in soft ground below the embankment and the cap beams are placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the embankment. Two failure mechanisms such as the soil arching failure and the punching shear failure are investigated according to the failure pattern in embankment on soft ground supported by piles with cap beams. The soil arching can be developed when the space between cap beams is narrow and/or the embankment is high enough. In the investigation of the soil arching failure, the stability in the crown of the arch is compared with that above the cap beams. The factors affecting the load transfer in the embankment fill by soil arching are the space between cap beams, the width of cap beams and the soil parameters of the embankment fill. The portion of the embankment load carried by cap beams decreases with increment of the space between cap beams, while it increases with the embankment height, the width of cap beams, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the embankment fill. Thus, the factors affecting load transfer in embankment should be appropriately decided in order to maximize the effect of embankment load transfer by piles.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2015

The nature of molecular mechanisms governing embryonic cell block is largely unknown, but recent reports have demonstrated that proper execution of programmed cell death is crucial for this process. The main objective of this study is to determine effects of programmed cell death on porcine oocytes development in vitro after parthenogenesis. Among the blastocysts matured in 3MA, MAP1LC3A and ATG5 RNA gene expression level increased in the order of Cyst < 3MA < RP. However, Casp-3 and TNF-r RNA gene expression level decreased in the order of RP < 3MA < Cyst. Expression of mTOR within the RP-cultured blastocyst was the most highly to the inner cell mass, while 3MA-cultured blastocyst showed very lowest expression in inner cell mass. The expression of mTOR showed a pattern opposite to that of MAP1LC3A. That is, its expression was the lowest in Cyst group. When the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was assessed in culture, the level of active MMP-9 was higher expression in the medium of each RP treatment group, with the level of another treatment group being relatively higher. Analyses of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 revealed that their expression was higher in groups that did not receive RP treatment. More specifically, the level of TIMP-2 was not affected by Cyst treatment, while the level of TIMP-3 was higher in 3MA and RP treatment group. There was highly cell division activation efficiency of parthenogenesis on cultured system of RP supplement IVC medium. Therefore, these results suggest that embryo development was significantly increased in conditional culture medium with active autophagy as compared to common cultured condition. Further investigation of this distinction may enable the development of innovative improvements for the production of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2018

This experiment was conducted to analyse the effects of flavone supplementation on the preimplantation development of in-vitro produced porcine embryos. During in-vitro development, immature oocytes and early embryos were exposed to different concentrations of flavone (0, $1{\mu}M$, $25{\mu}M$, $50{\mu}M$, and $100{\mu}M$ respectively). Results showed that $100{\mu}M$ of flavone significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels of oocytes accompanied with a significant rise in GSH level. In parthenogenesis, no significant change was observed in the cleavage rates whether flavone was supplemented in IVM or IVC media. In IVM supplemented group, the blastocyst development rate was significantly enhanced by $1{\mu}M$ concentration than other groups (51.5% vs. 41.3%, 44.0%, 36.3%, 31.7%; P<0.05) respectively. However, in IVC group $1{\mu}M$ concentration significantly improved the blastocysts production than $50{\mu}M$ and control groups (50.0% vs. 40.5%, 38.0%; P<0.05) respectively. Following nuclear transfer, the cleavage rate of IVM group was significantly more in $1{\mu}M$ than $50{\mu}M$ and $100{\mu}M$ groups (92.9% vs. 89.7%, 87.8%; P<0.05), followed by similar pattern of cloned blastocysts production being significantly higher in $1{\mu}M$ group than $50{\mu}M$, $100{\mu}M$ and control groups (16.8% vs. 9.0%, 7.1%, 12.8%; P<0.05) respectively. In IVC group, $1{\mu}M$ concentration resulted in significantly higher cleavage rate than $25{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$ groups (91.7% vs. 87.8%, 88.8%; P<0.05) respectively. However, the blastocysts production was significantly higher in $100{\mu}M$ group than others (26.2% vs. 13.6%, 14.0%, 18.2%; P<0.05) respectively. The optimal concentrations of flavone significantly enhanced the percentages of ICM:TE than control group (43.8% vs. 37.6%; P<0.05) accompanied with significantly higher expression levels of reprogramming related genes. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations of $1{\mu}M$ during IVM and $100{\mu}M$ during IVC can significantly improve the production of porcine in-vitro embryos.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2009

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important bacterial pathogen of chickens and causes colibacillosis such as airsacculitis, perihepatitis, omphalitis, peritonitis, salpingitis, and pericarditis. As the transfer of antibiotic resistance from animal to humans can be possible, surveillance on antibiotic resistance of APEC is very important. A total 34 APEC isolates from diseased chickens during the period from 2007 to 2009 were obtained. The susceptibility of the isolates to 13 antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion assay. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 97.1% of APEC isolated, followed by resistance to tetracycline (85.3%), doxycycline (82.3%), ampicillin (73.5%), sulfisoxazole (67.6%), enrofloxacin (67.6%), ciprofloxacin (64.7%), norfloxacin (61.7%) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (52.9%), gentamycin (26.5%), amoxicillin (8.8%), colistin (5.9%), and amikacin (2.9%). The blaTEM genes were detected in 25 (100%) of the 25 ampicillin-resistant APEC isolates. Among the 29 tetracycline-resistant APEC isolates, tetA and tetB genes were detected in 18 (62.1%) and 9 (31%) isolates, respectively. Twenty six (76.5%) isolates were multiresistant to at least 6 antibiotics and seven (20.1%) isolates were multiresistant to at least 10 antibiotics. This results indicated that multiple antibiotic-resistant APEC is widespread in chicken flocks in Korea.