• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 2012

Seasonal fluctuations of Riptortus pedestris were investigated in four regions including two sites each at Mt. Yangseong (Munui-myeon, Cheongwon-gun), O-chang (Cheongwon-gun), and Jujung-dong (Cheongju) using aggression pheromone traps from April to November in 2010 and 2011. Aggression pheromone and aggression pheromone + soybean traps were set at all investigated sites, and the Mt. Yangseong A and B sites were investigated at a farmland (80 m, asl) and forest (200 and 300 m). The population density of R. pedestris was high in mid June, mid August, and late October in 2010 and in early May, mid June, mid September, and early October in 2011 with trivoltine. O-chang and Jujung-dong populations, which were distinguished in farmlands and forests, were highest from June to August in the farmland and in September in the forest. Similar numbers of R. pedestris were capture in the farmlands and the forest in June-August, September-November, respectively. From the results of the four regions, more R. pedestris adults were captured in the aggression pheromone + soybean trap than that in the pheromone trap. To investigate the migration route by altitude, 500 R. pedestris adults marked with fluorescent paint were released and re-caught insects were counted in traps after 10 and 20 days. The pattern of the re-caught R. pedestris indicated migration from the forest to farmlands during April-June. These results suggest that the insects did not migrate in August because food was plentiful in the forest at 200 m, but they moved to the forest during October due to the scarcity of food and for overwintering. The R. pedestris seasonal fluctuations in 2011 were affected heavily by the environment, particularly rain precipitation.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.185-209
• /
• 1997

Granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area cosist of three plutons-Baegrog granodiorite, Cheongsan porphyritic granite, and two mica granite. Amphilboles from the Baegrog granodiorite belong to the calcic amphilbole group and show compositional variations from magnesio-hornblende in the core to actinolitic hornblende in the rim. Biotites from the three granites represent intermediate compositions between phlogopite and annite. Muscovites from the two mica granite are considered to be primary muscovite in terms of the occurrence and mineral chemistry. Each granitic rock reveals systematic variation of major oxide contents with $SiO_2$. Major oxide variation trends of the Baegrog granodiorite are fairly different from those of Cheongsan porphyritic granite and two mica granite. The latter two granitic rocks are also different with each other in variation trends for some oxides. Thus three granitic rocks in the Cheongsan area were solidifield from the independent magmas of chemically different, heterogeneous origin. The granitic rocks in the area show calc-alkaline nature. The whole rock geochemistry shows that the Baegrog granodiorite and Cheongsan porphyritic granite belong to metaluminous, I-type granite, whereas the two mica granite to peraluminous, I/S-type granite. The opaque mineral contents and magnetic susceptibility represent that the granitic rocks in the area are ilmenite-series granite, indicating that each magma was solidified under relatively reducing environment. The tectonic environment of the granitic activity in the area seems to have been active continental margin. Alkali feldspar megacryst in the Cheongsan porphyritic granite is considered to be magmatic, judging from the crystal size, shape, arrangement, and distribution pattern of inclusions. The petro-graphical characteristics of the Cheongsan porphyritic granite can be explained by two stage crystallization. Under the smaller degree of undercooling the alkali feldspar megacrysts rapidly grew owing to slow rate of nucleation and fast growth rate. At the larger degree of undercooling the nucleation rate and density drastically increased and the small crystals of the matrix were formed.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out what is the preference of users according to the location of benches at urban community parks. This location of benches is seperated into 4 patterns according to arranging pattern of water space, a walk, pergola and shelter, greenspace. To investigate the visual preference is examined by analyzing visual volume of 4 patterns. Results are as follows; 1. Factor analysis by the total data showed that 5 factors explain 60.40 percent of total variance of the location of bench visual character. They were classified by the sensitive factor, visual factor, physical-individual factor, distinct factor, density factor. Among 5 factors, the sensitive factor which represented psychological reaction was appreciated to be highest. 2. Most of 20 items showed the following scores of mean values in sementic differential experiment : Spot 1->Spot 4-> 2-> 3. The mean values between arrangement place locational differences showed significantly, that could explain to be a violent contrast between the natural factors(weater space, green space, etc) and the artificial factors (around of pergola, shelter, etc)

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.347-352
• /
• 1983

To characterize humus fractions in soil, visible, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of humic acids in alkaline solutions and hymatomelanic acids in ethanol solutions extracted by Stevenson's method from paddy rice soils, peats, and volcanic ash soils were analyzed. The spectra patterns of both fractions in visible and ultraviolet ranges did not have any peak and the absorbance decreased as the wavelength increased. Visible and ultraviolet spectra of the solutions from all the peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soil were very similar each other but absorbances were slowly declined in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils. The infrared spectra of the two solutions appeared in a typical pattern, showing a few broad peaks. The main absorption bands were in the regions of $3400cm^{-1}$ (hydrogen bonded OH), near $2900cm^{-1}$ (aliphatic CH), $1720cm^{-1}$ (C=O of COOH, C=O of carbonyl), $1625cm^{-1}$ (aromatic C-C conjugated with C=O and/or COO-), $1400-1450cm^{-1}$ (CH stretch), $1200-1250cm^{-1}$ (CaO stretch of phenolic OH or OH-deformation of COOH) and $1050cm^{-1}$. The hymatomelanic acid fractions, however, had spectra that were characterized especially by very distinct absorption at $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1720cm^{-1}$, for aliphatic CH and carbonyl stretching vibration respectively in addition to the weaker bands for COO- or aromatic CH vibration at $1625cm^{-1}$, as compared to humic acid. No differences were noted in the general patterns of the spectograms of both fractions extracted. Analyses of the functional groups revealed little differences between peats and paddy soils, although total acidity and the content of carboxyl groups were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 2010

Retinal prostheses are being developed to restore vision for the blind with retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Since retinal prostheses depend upon electrical stimulation to control neural activity, optimal stimulation parameters for successful encoding of visual information are one of the most important requirements to enable visual perception. Therefore, in this paper, we focused on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses to different voltage stimulation parameters and compared threshold charge densities in normal and rd1 mice. For this purpose, we used in vitro preparation for the retina of normal and rd1 mice on micro-electrode arrays. When the neural network of rd1 mouse retinas is stimulated with voltage-controlled pulses, RGCs in degenerated retina also respond to voltage amplitude or voltage duration modulation as well in wild-type RGCs. But the temporal pattern of RGCs response is very different; in wild-type RGCs, single peak within 100 ms appears while in RGCs in degenerated retina multiple peaks (~4 peaks) with ~10 Hz rhythm within 400 ms appear. The thresholds for electrical activation of RGCs are overall more elevated in rd1 mouse retinas compared to wild-type mouse retinas: The thresholds for activation of RGCs in rd1 mouse retinas were on average two times higher ($70.50{\sim}99.87\;{\mu}C/cm^2$ vs. $37.23{\sim}61.65\;{\mu}C/cm^2$) in the experiment of voltage amplitude modulation and five times higher ($120.5{\sim}170.6\;{\mu}C/cm^2$ vs. $22.69{\sim}37.57\;{\mu}C/cm^2$) in the experiment of voltage duration modulation than those in wild-type mouse retinas. This is compatible with the findings from human studies that the currents required for evoking visual percepts in RP patients is much higher than those needed in healthy individuals. These results will be used as a guideline for optimal stimulation parameters for upcoming Korean-type retinal prosthesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1978

Three Pinus densiflora populations as shown in location map (Fig. 1) were studied in 1977. These succeed the population numbers 10, 11 and 12 after the preceeding populations. Following the previous study methods, 20 trees were chosen from each population and the morphological characteristics such as tree forms, branching habit, needle and wood properties were investigated. The results are summerized as follows; 1. The mean stand ages were ranged from 40 to 45. The growth performances of trees of population 10 and 11 was similar, but 12 seemed to be inferior more or less. 2. The ratios of clear bole length was 0.53 in population 12 as the highest but 0.43 for population 10 as the lowest. 3. The population 12 was considered to be a stand of the coarser branching habit having the crown index (The maximum crown diameter/the crown length) 1.65 though the mean branching angle indicates almost horizontal. 4. The differences were observed in the clear bole length ratios and crown-indices between populations as shown in Fig. 3 and 4. 5. No inter-population differences in serration density of needle was shown but significant inter and intra-population and individual differences (within population) in number of stomata rows and resin duct. 6. Population 12 shown 0.119 of resin duct index as the maximum. 7. The pattern of diameter growth, analyses based on the width of 10-year-ring segment unit (for example, the 1st segment denotes the width between pith center and 10th year ring and the 2nd one is from 11th to 20th year ring and so on.), was alike among populations as shown in Fig. 9. 8. No significant differences between population in mean summer wood percentages as well as in wood specific gravity was observed. The values of wood specific gravity were increased with the increase of ages in population 10 and 11 however vice versa in population 12. 9. The fiber length was increased with the increase of age but no differences between populations as shown in Fig. 12.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to review clinical manifestations of hyperphenylalaninemia patients in Korean. Methods: 178 cases of hyperphenyalaninemia were diagnosed at department of pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital from January, 1983 to August. We reviewed DNA analysis, MR imaging, EEG, radiography of the left hand and wrist, bone densitometry (BMD), IQ test of hyperphenyalaninemia patients. Results: Out of 178 cases, 161 cases were diagnosed classic phenylketonuria and 17 cases were diagnosed BH4 deficiency. 122 cases performed DNA analysis. R243Q (10.3%), Y204C (9.9%), and IVS4-1G>A (8.1%) mutations were predominant. 22 cases underwent MR imaging. Varying degrees of symmetrical high signal intensity were noted on T2-weighted sequences in the periventricular deep white matter of 15 cases. 23 cases were performed EEG. 12 cases (52.3%) showed abnormal pattern. EEG abnormalities showed in 11 cases. On lumbar BMD four of 11 cases (36%) showed reduced bone density of more than 1 S.D. in four of 11 cases, bone age was less than chronological age by at least one year. 18 cases were performed IQ test. Mean IQ scores was $84{\pm}21.6$. Among older than 15 years (9 cases), Mean IQ scores was $72{\pm}21.2$. PTPS deficiency was 14 cases, DHPR deficiency was 2 cases, and GTPCH deficiency was 1 case. Conclusion: We confirmed there were varieties of DNA mutations. And MR imaging and EEG were nonspecific in PKU patients. Older children showed lower IQ score. Low phenylalanine diet prevents brain damage in PKU patient. Not only first few years of life but also lifetime, Keeping low phenylalanine diet is important.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of climate on indoor environment of a swine house with natural. This study was tested in the beef swine stall at Young-in, Kyung-ki do. The test was experimented for the effect of interior environment by the outdoor environment and the interior-pan. The results are as follows. 1. In test 1 ($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, without fan), an indoor air flow pattern was showed that entered from sidewall winch-curtain to went out of a indoor by the ridge winch-curtain. And the velocity of a section of the center was measured two times as large as the velocity of the floor. It is the acceleration of the velocity by thermal buoyancy. And, the entered air was rapidly dissipated by flow energy. So that in the swain livestock with sidewall winch-curtain is effected by thermal buoyancy. And the air temperature of the indoor was distributed more higher as compared with the outdoor temperature. This result is caused by the sensible heat from swine and the ventilation is restricted. 2. In test 2 (($T_{out}$ : $25.7^{\circ}C$, with fan), the velocity of a section of the center was measured more higher as compared with the test 1. And the variance of air velocity was distributed higher as compared with the test 1. This result is showed dead region of air flow with a fan operation. And, the variance of gas density was distributed lower as compared with the test 1.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2017

Daecheong Reservoir was made by the construction of a large dam (>15 m in height) on the middle to downstream of the Geum River and the discharge systems have the watergate-spillway (WS), a hydropower penstock (HPP), and two intake towers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the limnological anomalies of turbid water reduction, green algae phenomenon, and oligotrophic state in the lower part of reservoir dam site, and compared with hydro-meteorological factors. Field surveys were conducted in two stations of near dam and the outlet of HPP with one week intervals from January to December 2000. Rainfall was closely related to the fluctuations of inflow, outflow and water level. The rainfall pattern was depended on the storm of monsoon and typhoon, and the increase of discharge and turbidity responded more strongly to the intensity than the frequency. Water temperature and DO fluctuations within the reservoir water layer were influenced by meteorological and hydrological events, and these were mainly caused by water level fluctuation based on temperature stratification, density current and discharge types. The discharges of WS and HPP induced to the flow of water bodies and the outflows of turbid water and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Especially, when hypoxic or low-oxygen condition was present in the bottom water, the discharge through HPP has contributed significantly to the outflow of phosphorus released from the sediment into the downstream of dam. In addition, HPP effluent which be continuously operated throughout the year, was the main factor that could change to a low trophic level in the downreservoir (lacustrine zone). And water-bloom (green-tide) occurring in the lower part of reservoir was the result that the water body of upreservoir being transported and diffused toward the downreseroir, when discharging through the WS. Finally, the hydropower effluent was included the importance and dynamics that could have a temporal and spatial impacts on the physical, chemical and biological factors of the reservoir ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1 s.118
• /
• pp.133-155
• /
• 2007

The sustainable urban development has emerged as a new paradigm of urban studies in recent years. A review of the literature of land use and transport policies in relation to sustainable development reveals a consensus that the main objectives of sustainable strategy should decrease the numbers and length of journeys, and change the land use pattern towards mixed use and high density. However, there is a lack of empirical research as to what types of policies might influence effectively the reduction in the energy consumption and emission of $CO_2$. in order to sustain urban development. This paper tries to construct the conceptual structure of the PSS(planning support system), which is designed to the simulation of the probable effects of policies and planning of different kinds in cities, and evaluate the sustainablilty level according to construct the structure of the PSS(planning support system), which is designed to the simulation of the probable effects of policies and planning of different kinds in cities, and evaluate the sustainablilty level according to the alternative scenarios. The PSS is composed of three components (input-modeling-output). The core of PSS is integrating land use-transport-environment modeling. The advantages of integrating land use-transport-environment modeling are well known, but there are very few such integrated modeling packages in practice. So this paper tries to apply TRANUS software, which is an integrated land use and transport model. The TRANUS system was calibrated to city of Yongin for the base year. The purpose of the application of TRANUS to Yongin is to examine the operability of TRANUS system in Korea. From the outputs and results of operating the system, TRANUS may be effectively used to evaluate the effects of alternative sustainable urban development policies, since sustainablilty indicators can be extracted from several aspects such as land use consumption, total trips, distance and cost, energy consumption, ratio of transport split.