Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Dynamics of Phosphorus-Turbid Water Outflow and Limno-Hydrological Effects on Hypolimnetic Effluents Discharging by Hydropower Electric Generation in a Large Dam Reservoir (Daecheong), Korea

대청호 발전방류수의 인·탁수 배출 역동성과 육수·수문학적 영향

  • Shin, Jae-Ki (Office for Southern Region Management of the Nakdong River, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water)) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University)
  • 신재기 (한국수자원공사 낙동강남부권관리단) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 환경보건과학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.12
  • Accepted : 2017.02.07
  • Published : 2017.03.31
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Abstract

Daecheong Reservoir was made by the construction of a large dam (>15 m in height) on the middle to downstream of the Geum River and the discharge systems have the watergate-spillway (WS), a hydropower penstock (HPP), and two intake towers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the limnological anomalies of turbid water reduction, green algae phenomenon, and oligotrophic state in the lower part of reservoir dam site, and compared with hydro-meteorological factors. Field surveys were conducted in two stations of near dam and the outlet of HPP with one week intervals from January to December 2000. Rainfall was closely related to the fluctuations of inflow, outflow and water level. The rainfall pattern was depended on the storm of monsoon and typhoon, and the increase of discharge and turbidity responded more strongly to the intensity than the frequency. Water temperature and DO fluctuations within the reservoir water layer were influenced by meteorological and hydrological events, and these were mainly caused by water level fluctuation based on temperature stratification, density current and discharge types. The discharges of WS and HPP induced to the flow of water bodies and the outflows of turbid water and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Especially, when hypoxic or low-oxygen condition was present in the bottom water, the discharge through HPP has contributed significantly to the outflow of phosphorus released from the sediment into the downstream of dam. In addition, HPP effluent which be continuously operated throughout the year, was the main factor that could change to a low trophic level in the downreservoir (lacustrine zone). And water-bloom (green-tide) occurring in the lower part of reservoir was the result that the water body of upreservoir being transported and diffused toward the downreseroir, when discharging through the WS. Finally, the hydropower effluent was included the importance and dynamics that could have a temporal and spatial impacts on the physical, chemical and biological factors of the reservoir ecosystem.

대청호는 금강의 중 하류에 대댐(>15 m 높이) 건설로 만들어진 저수지이며, 방류시스템은 수문-여수로, 수력발전 방수로 및 취수탑을 가지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 저수지의 하류 댐에서 발생하는 탁수 감소, 녹조현상 및 빈 영양 상태에 대한 육수학적 의문점을 파악하기 위한 것이었고, 수문 기상학적 요인을 중심으로 비교분석 하였다. 현장조사는 2000년 1월부터 12월까지 댐과 발전방류구 지점에서 1주 간격으로 수행하였다. 강수량은 유입량, 방류량 및 수위변동과 밀접한 관련성을 보였다. 강우패턴은 장마와 태풍호우에 의존적이었고, 유량, 탁도의 증가는 강우 빈도보다 강도에 더욱 중요하게 반응하였다. 저수지의 수층별 수온과 DO 변동은 기상 수문학적 영향이 컸고, 수온성층, 밀도류 및 방류에 기초 한 수위변동이 주요한 원인으로 작용하였다. 수문 및 발전방류는 각각 수체의 유동과 탁수 영양염의 배출을 유도하였다. 특히, 저층수에서 저산소 또는 빈산소일 때, 발전방류는 저질층에서 용출되는 인(P)을 댐 하류 하천으로 유출하는 데 크게 기여하였다. 또한, 연중 지속적으로 가동되는 발전방류수는 저수지의 하류(정수대)를 저영양 상태로 만들 수 있는 주된 요인이었다. 그리고 저수지의 하류에서 발생하는 녹조현상은 수문-여수로 방류 때 상류의 수체가 하류로 이송 및 확산된 결과이었다. 발전방류수는 저수지 생태계의 물리, 화학 및 생물학적 요인에 시공간적 영향을 광역적으로 미칠 수 있는 중요성과 역동성을 포함하고 있었다.

Keywords

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