• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 1987

Infection rate of chestnut tree by Botryosphaeria(Dothiorella) dathidea was about $10\%$ at Gapyung area. disease symptom of chestnut did not appear in October but appeared in November, showing $50\%$ in May in ext year. B. dothidea was more pathogenic to chestnut than did Catinula sp. and Fusicoccum sp. B. dothidea uses soft rot, but Catinula sp. and Fusicoccum sp. causes dry rot. Mycelial growth of B. dothidea was optimal at $28^{\circ}C$. Mycelial growth was stimulated when water potential decreased from -2 bars to -12 bars and declined from -12 bars to -60 bars.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2019

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a well-known pathological condition in oncology derived from the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab. Many molecular and immunological targets have been introduced for daily use in cancer treatment in recent years; consequently, new cases of ONJ have been reported in association with these drugs, especially if administered with BPs and denosumab. When the drugs are administered alone, ONJ is rarely seen. The objective of our study was to analyze the recent literature relative to the association of ONJ with these new drugs highlighting the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects. The close collaboration between maxillofacial surgeon, oncologist, dentist, and dental hygienist remains the most important aspect for the prevention, prompt recognition, and treatment of this pathology.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2018

Seven different strains of Beauveria bassiana were used in a bioassay on Pieris rapae larvae. The results showed that an B. bassiana strain showed relatively high pathogenicity towards P. rapae larvae. The adjusted mortality rate was 92.86 %, and the infection rate was 85.71 % in 10 days post inoculation. Molecular identification was performed to identify the unknown strain. Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence analysis showed that the polymerase chain reaction amplicon length of the unknown strain of Beauveria sp. was 573 bp, and sequence similarity to the known B. bassiana sequences in the NCBI database was 99 %. The B. bassiana strain was named Bb01. The changes of proteins and PPO of P. rapae larvae infected by B. bassiana Bb01 strain at different times was determined. The activity of PPO increased in 1-6 d and decreased in 7 d again after inoculation. The B. bassiana invaded into the insect body affected the balance of the proteins and PPO.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1793-1800
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• 2020

Bifidobacterium strains can provide several health benefits, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Some strains inhibit growth or cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, and their antibacterial activity can be intensified when combined with certain antibiotics. In addition, some strains of bifidobacteria reduce viral infectivity, leading to less epithelial damage of intestinal tissue, lowering the virus shedding titer, and controlling the release of antiviral substances. Furthermore, bifidobacteria can modulate the immune system by increasing immunoglobulins, and inducing or reducing pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. In particular, these anti-inflammatory effects are helpful in the treatment of patients who are already suffering from infection or inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the antimicrobial effects and mechanisms, and immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium strains, suggesting the potential of bifidobacteria as an alternative or complementary treatment option.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.955-959
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• 2022

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV has five genotypes, including genotype V (GV), which is considered ancestral to the other genotypes. The first GV strain, GV Muar, was isolated from a Malayan patient in 1952 and GV did not reappear for 57 years until GV XZ0934 was isolated from a mosquito sample in China. Since 2010, 21 GV strains have been identified in Republic of Korea (ROK). Both GV Muar and GV XZ0934 are more pathogenic than other GI/GIII strains and are serologically distinct. However, because the ROK's GV strains have not been experimentally tested, their characteristics are not known. Characterization of the ROK's isolates is needed to enable development of effective GV strain-based vaccines to protect against GV infections.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2023

A 5-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat presented with acute dyspnea characterized by open-mouth breathing and stridor for 2 days. Direct visualization via laryngoscopy revealed diffuse laryngeal swelling and severe thickening of the vocal folds bilaterally; thus, the upper respiratory tract was obstructed owing to severe edema. Neutrophil infiltration was found on fine needle aspiration of the larynx cytology, and no discrete mass with polyp or neoplasia was identified on diagnostic imaging. The cat was diagnosed with acute obstructive laryngitis, and a tracheostomy tube was immediately installed. After 17 days of treatment with steroids, doxycycline and azithromycin, the swollen larynx gradually improved, and there was no recurrence of laryngitis or respiratory obstruction. A feline upper respiratory polymerase chain reaction panel revealed Mycoplasma felis infection; however, it could not be determined whether it was pathogenic or opportunistic. Herein, we report a case of obstructive laryngitis in a cat. When respiratory obstruction due to acute laryngitis is identified, a good prognosis is expected with rapid and appropriate treatment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2023

Innate immunity is a first line defence system in the body which is for sensing signals of danger such as pathogenic microbes or host-derived signals of cellular stress. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR's), which present in the cell memebrane, are suspect the infection through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), and activate innate immunity with response to promote inflammation via inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, and cytokines. Inflammasome are protein complexes which are part of innate immunity in inflammation to remove pathogens and repair damaged tissues. What is the important role of inflammation in disease? In this review, we are focused on the action mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sepsis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

목적: 소아에서 급성 인두편도염의 원인균의 분포를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 3월부터 2011년 3월까지 급성 인두편도염 환자의 인두 후부에서 검체를 채취하여 원인바이러스와 세균을 분석하였다. 결과: 615명의 환자 중, 세균이 분리된 경우는 40례(6.5%), 바이러스가 검출된 경우는 310례(50.4%)이었다. 분리된 세균 중 A군 사슬알균이 31례(77.5%)로 가장 많았고, 검출된 바이러스 중에는 adenovirus가 가장 많았으며(203명; 65.5%), 그 다음으로 rhinovirus (65명; 21.0%), enterovirus (43명; 13.9%) 순이었다. 기침, 콧물, 결막염은 바이러스 감염 환자에서, 연구개의 발적과 점상출혈은 세균 감염 환자에서 더 많았다. 결론: 급성 인두편도염 환자에서 바이러스 감염이 세균 감염에 비해 많았으며 임상양상에 차이를 보였다. 따라서 급성 인두편도염 환자에서 무조건적인 항생제의 사용을 피하고 임상양상의 차이를 감안하여 치료를 결정해야 하겠다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2006

A stable and reliable Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection animal model would be necessary for evaluating vaccine efficacy and helpful for understanding the pathological mechanism of the organism. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of ethanol treatment prior to H. pylori inoculation on associated gastric mucosal injury and to establish ethanol-pretreating animal model to study H. pylori infection. Male Mongolian gerbils were used for the study. H. pylori was orally inoculated after 12 h fasting. 3 h prior to H. pylori inoculation, a group of gerbils was orally treated with absolute ethanol, 60% and 40% ethanol respectively. Another group of animals was treated either with H. pylori culture media alone or with different concentrations of ethanol plus culture media. Gerbils were killed 4 or 8 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. The colonization of H. pylori was confirmed by both histological examination and rapid urease test. Mucosal damage was evaluated grossly and histologically according to the criteria. The colonization of H. pylori and pathological changes in gastric mucosa of the animals were also observed. Although no significant change to the gastric mucose was observed in the animals treated either with H. pylori culture media alone or with different concentrations of ethanol plus culture media, persistent H. pylori infection was seen in the mucosa and mucosal leucocyte infiltration and severe epithelial damage was observed in the Helicobacter and ethanol + Helicobacter groups after 4 weeks. The gross and histological scores were higher in the ethanol + Helicobacter than in the Helicobacter alone group. As the results, ethanol-pretreatment with 60% concentration induced severe pathogenic changes by H. pylori infection in 5 weeks-old Mongolian gerbils. These results suggested that ethanol-pretreatment before H. pylori inoculation could increase the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation and enhance the colonization of H. pylori. The established ethanol-pretreating animal model would contribute to screen new drugs against H. pylori and be used as an useful tool for various animal experiments with H. pylori strains.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2018

본 연구에서 소비-섭취 시나리오와 온도-시간의 장염비브리오 생육모델을 활용하여 국내 생굴의 병원성 장염 비브리오균의 위해평가를 실시하였다. 장염 비브리오균의 오염 수준 및 병원성 인자 데이터를 활용하였으며, 국민건강영양조사와 농촌진흥청의 표준레시피를 활용하여 섭취량을 조사하였고 용량반응관계는 Beta-Poisson모델을 활용하였다. 국내 소비자가 생굴을 섭취할 때 병원성 장염 비브리오균으로 발생하는 위해는 식중독이 주로 발생하는 4월, 10월, 11월에 $5.71{\times}10^{-5}$ (5퍼센타일 $2.71{\times}10^{-8}$, 95퍼센타일 $1.03{\times}10^{-4}$로 추정되었다. 본 연구에서 생굴의 장염비브리오 위해의 영향인자는 소비시점 생굴의 장염비브리오균의 오염수준, 생굴 섭취량, 병원성 인자(tdh or trh 유전자)의 존재 여부, 상온의 노출온도 및 시간으로 나타났으며 위해관리방안을 제시하였다.