• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2007

To evaluate the antiatopic effect of Korea Red Ginseng (RG, steamed root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Family Araliaceae), its inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and itching in mice was measured. RG and its ingredient saponin fraction (SF) potently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction and scratching behaviors. RG at a dose of 100 mg/kg and SF at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited the scratching frequency by 32% and 38%, respectively. RG and SF also inhibited the degranulation and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-4 of RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antign complex. However, polysaccharide fraction of RG did not inhibit it. Based on these findings, RG can improve allergic skin disorders atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis by the regulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-4 produced by mast cells and basophils and their membrane stabilization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2006

Electroacupuncture(EA) is commonly used in various diseases. In the present study, the effect of EA in the allergic mouse model was examined. Allergy is generated via immunological mechanism and non-immunological mechanism. Mast cells activated dy those mechanisms get to release various substances such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandin, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4, IL-6, etc. which induce allergic reactions and the following inflammatory responses. To evaluate the anti-allergic effects of EA, mortality, ear swelling response, vascular permeability and cytokine secretion were investigated in EA group and non-EA group of which mice were compound 48/80-induced allergy model or PCA model. Compound 48/80 induces allergic reaction via non-immunological mechanism and PCA model is generated through the same mechanism with immediate-type(Type1) allergic reaction, one of immunological allergic reactions. EA inhibited compound 48/80-induced ear swelling response but did not inhibit the systemic anaphylaxis. EA also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) activated dy anti-dinitrophenol IgE. In addition, EA inhibited IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion from 48 h PCA in mice. These results indicate that EA may be used for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases, especially immediate-type(Type 1) allergy and non-immunologically mediated allergy.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 2000

In this research the results showed that Evans blue stain causes vascular permeation at antibody injection site by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) screening of octpus minor so we concluded. Octopus minor causes allergy. Psedosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei, Metapenaeus joyneri also showed allergenicity. Microwave and autoclaving appeared to reduced allergenicity(up to 99%) during the technological treatment processing. On the other hand, UV light didn't seem to change the protein structure of allergens affect the allergenicity. Therefore, the technological treatment processing of fish such as canning and microwave would possibly reduce the allergenicity. Among the ultrafiltration fraction of Octopus minor, Pseudosciaena Polyactis, Raja Kenojei and Metapenaeus joyneri, those fraction over 100,000 contained allergen and those under 100,000 and when screening allergenic fish went through 10,000~100,000 ultrafiltration, only the fraction of over 100,000 showed the anaphylactis activity for PCA. However whether screening fish would cause anaphylaxis in human or not is questionable. The future clinical experiment will verify this result with clinical experiment patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.348-364
• /
• 1990

The activities of twenty-one flavonoids and their related compounds on the hypersensitivity reaction against various antigens were studied in vitro and in vivo. 1. Generally flavonoids inhibited significantly the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by reaginic antibody as compared as anaphylaxis by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and so more strongly active in the IgE-mediated anaphylaxis than non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. 2. Flavonids inhibited remarkably Arths reaction, hemolysin titer, delayed hypersensitivity, haemagglutinin titer, rosette forming cells and plague forming cells against sheep red blood cells, and so it exhibited that flavonoids inhibited type 2, 3 and 4 hypersensitivity. 3. Quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, disodium cromoglycate, malvin and baicalein were active dose-dependently in the all types of hypersensitivity. Fisetin, daidzein, morin, narigin, flavone, catechin, rutin, hesperidin, neophsperidin, apigenin and chrysin were significantly active in the various types of hypersensitivity, but apigenin, rutin and catechin were less active in the delayed hypersensitivity. Taxifolin was significantly active in PCA and histamine-induced anaphylaxis except other types of hypersensitivity. Rotenone and cyanin also inhibited all types of hypersensitivity, but they are toxic. 4. Based on these results from hypersensitivity, the following flavonoid structure-activity relationships became apparent. 1) Flavonoids with $C_{2-3}$ double bond in C-ring were more active than that of $C_{2-3}$ saturation. 2) Flavonoids with $C_4$ ketone group in C-ring were more active than abscence of them except catechin and malvin. 3) Flavonoids with benzene ring at positions 2 or 3 in C-ring exhibited same activities. 4) Flavonoids with opening of the C-ring does not abolish their activities. 5) The glycosylated flavonoids in position 3 or 7 was less active than their aglycone. 6) Flavonoids with the more hydroxy group in A and B-ring were more active. 7) Flavonoids with or without $C_3-OH$ did not change their activities.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate antigenic potential of DA-3030, a recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, in guinea pigs and mice. In the active systemic anaphylaxis test, the guinea pigs sensitized with 1.25 or 12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head of DA-3030 alone did not show any anaphylactic reaction. In the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction, anti-DA-3030 antibody was not detected in guinea pigs sensitized with 1.25 or 12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head of DA-3030 alone. On the other hand, the guinea pigs sensitized with 12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/heed of DA-3030 incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA) or 1 mg/head of ovalbumin incorporated in FCA showed anaphylactic reaction. Anti-DA-3030 antibody was also detected in those guinea pigs. In immunodiffusion test using the sera sensitized with DA-3030 incorporated in FCA, precipitating antibodies were detected only in the sera sensitized with DA-3030 or DA-3030 incorporated in FCA showed. In 24-hour heterologous PCA reaction with sera of C57BL/6 mice immunized with 1.25 or 12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head of DA-3030 alone, none of the sera showed positive reaction. But sera of the animals immunized with 12.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head of DA-3030 incorporated in aluminum hydroxide gel(Alum) or 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head of ovalbumin incorporated in alum showed positive PCA reaction. DA-3030 did not cause anaphylactic shock or passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs and mice when given alone although DA-3030 incorporated in FCA or Alum induced anaphylactic shock and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. From these results, it may be concluded the DA-3030 does not induce systemic allergic reaction when administered alone in its clinical use.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 1992

SKI 2053R and SKI 2053R-human serum albumin(HSA) mixture were examined for their antigenicity in Hartley guinea pigs as well as C57BL/6 mice in comparison with distilled water (DW), HSA and DW-HSA conjugate. Several antigenicity tests, including acitive systemic anaphylaxis(ASA), passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and indirect hamagglutination test (IHA), were performed according to the Established Regulations of National Institute of Safety Research. The results were as follows: 1. When guinea pigs were sensitized with SKI2053R or SKI2053R-HSA emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA), these animals showed negative reactions in ASA and PSA. 2.No blue spot was observed on the back skin of guinea pigs in the PCA test. 3. Sera from guinea pigs revealed a negative reaction in IHA. 4.Guinea pigs were sensitized by HSA emulsified with CFA as a positive control, and these animals showed positive reactions in ASA, PSA, PCA, and IHA. As shown above, SKI2053R was considered to possess neither antigenic, nor haptenic properties, and confirmed not to have the haemagglutinating activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2009

To understand the anti-allergic mechanism of compound K, which is a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, a main constituent of the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (family Araliaceae), its inhibitory effect against IgE-antigen complex IAC)-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice and mRNA and protein expressions of allergic cytokines in lAC-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells were investigated. Orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 more potently inhibited PCA reaction when administered at 5 h prior to the lAC treatment than when administered at I h before. However, compound K orally administered 1 h before lAC treatment showed a more potent anti-PCA reaction effect than when treated at 5 h before. Orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 more potently inhibited PCA reaction induced by lAC in mice than intraperitoneally treated one, apart from orally administered its metabolite, compound K, which was more potent than the orally administered one. The compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ and the activation of their transcription factor NF-$\kappa$B and MAPK in lAC-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. These findings suggest that orally administered ginsenoside Rb1 may be dependent on its metabolism by intestinal microflora in the intestine and the compound K may improve allergic diseases by the inhibition of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expresseion.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.13 no.1_2
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 1997

The antigenicity of EPO (erythropoietin) was investigated in guinea pig, mice and rats. Antigenicity tests-active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) of this materials were performed according to the established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1996, 4, 16). The results were followed: 1. After sensitizaion with EPO emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), guinea pigs didn't show any anaphylatic shock symptom in the ASA test 2. After sensitization with antisera of EPO sensitized mice, blue spots were observed on the hypodermis of back of rats in the PCA test, but diameter of each spot was smaller than 5 mm. From the results of this investigation, the antigenicity of EPO was negative under the present experimental condition.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 1993

Antigenic potential of recombinant human growth hormone (LBD-007), a newly developed drug for growth hormone deficiency, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. 1. Mice showed production of antibodies against LBD-009 (1.5IU/kg) with aluminum hydroxide gel(alum) as an adjuvant, Judaged by the heterologous anaphylaxis (PCA) test using rats. On the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. In the studies with guinea pigs, both the inoculation of LBD-009 (0.15IU/kg-1.5IU/kg) only and of LBD-009 with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as an adjuvant did produce weak positive reactions in homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). On the other hand, the inoculation of ovalbumin with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced positive reaction in PCA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1998

Antigenic potential of DW-116, a newly synthesized fluoroquinolone, was examined by conduc-ting active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) tests. In ASA test, mild to moderate signs of anaphylactic responses were observed in the groups sensitized with low (2 mg/body) and high (10 mg/body) doses of DW-116 alone and the group sensitized with DW-116 plus adjuvant. Some moderate to severe anaphylactic reactions were observed in the group sensitized with a DW-116-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate plus adjuvant when challenged with a DW-116-guinea pig senHn albumin (GSA) conjugate. However these reactions were considered to be a cross-reaction between BSA and GSA since similar reactions were induced when challenged by GSA alone. In heterologous PCA test using mice and rats, positive responses were not detected in any of the experimental groups. In PHA test, positive responses were observed in the groups sensitized with low and high doses of DW-116 alone and the group sensitized with DW-116 plus adjuvant. However, these responses were not considered to be drug-specific because some positive responses were also seen in the negative control group. From these results, it was concluded that DW-116 is not likely to have specific antigenic potential in clinical use.