• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.450-461
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• 1998

To investigate the plant community structure of Paekdam-Valley in Soraksan National Park, fifty-two plots have been set up and surveyed. By DCA ordination technique, the plant communities were classified into fkve community types, which were Pinus densiflora community and Q. mongolica community. It was supposed that Q. serrata community change to C. laxiflora community. It seemed that P. densiflora community, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and Q. serrata community would not be replace by another woody species. And it seemed that C. laxiflora community succeeded to Q. serrata community, so it was similar to the typical ecological succession of natural forest in the middle temperate regions. The range of Shannon's diversity index was 0.9827~1.2946(Unit area : 400m$^2$) and that was over another Korean National Parks area relatively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2003

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Nogodan to Goribong, 22 plots(500$m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed Three groups Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla community. Quercus mongolica- Pinus densinora community. Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was found as it major woody plant species in the ridge area from Nogodan to Goribong. And partly in lower elevation was occupied by deciduous broadleaved tree species and Pinus densiflora. In this area, Korean endemic species, Abies koreana was distributed small amounts. Species diversity(H') of investigated group were ranged 0.9274~1.2845 and it was similar to those of the ridgee area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 2015

This study analyzed the growth characteristics of multi-layer planted trees through their growth analysis and attempted to present a management strategy. The subject of research is the Citizen's Forest Area of Seoul Forest Park located in Seoul City. Field surveys were conducted three times over eight years from 2005 when the Seoul Forest Park was created through 2013. Labels were attached to all trees in the target area, and their species, height and DBH were investigated. To identify the growth differences by trees in each area, a detailed tree location map was drawn up for use in the analysis. To check soil health, soil organic matter, soil pH and soil microbial activities were analyzed. It turned out that the growth of the multi-layer planted trees in the target area of research was higher than that of the trees in existing urban parks, and that it was similar to that of trees in natural forests. Through a field survey in the area with a remarkably low growth, high-density planting problem, soil was found to have excess-moisture and there was the problem of Pueraria lobata covering. As a result of the analysis of the soil, it was found that its organic content in the soil was lower; soil pH was higher; and microbial activities in the soil were lower when compared to that of natural forests.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.118.2-118.2
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• 2012

In particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation studies related to ion-ion two-stream instability, a reduced ion-to-electron mass ratio is often employed to save computation time. But it was not clearly verified how electrons dynamics are coupled with the slower evolution of ion-ion interactions under the external electric field. We have studied the ion beam driven instability using a 1D electrostatic PIC code by comparing different rescaling of parameter with real ion mass from the reference simulation with reduced ion mass. As the external electric field is stronger, the excited unstable mode range was more sensitively affected by the system size with the real mass ratio than the reduced ion mass. The results show that the reduced mass ratio should be used cautiously in PIC code as the electron dynamics can modify the ion instabilities. Additionally we found the formation of electron flat-top distribution in the final saturation stage. Simulation results show that in the early phase electrostatic solitary waves are quasi-periodically formed, but later they are fully dissipated resulting in heated, flat-top distributions. New electron beam components are occasionally formed. These are a consequence of the interaction with solitary wave structures. We parametrically investigate the development of electron phase space distributions for various drift speeds of ion beams and temperature ratios between ions and electrons

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2000

As the information & communication technique is growing rapidly and internet is widespread recently, a lot of life information systems are developing to provide various information related with our living space. Especially, to get the several real-time urban life information through the networking, the development of the system which integrates internet and GIS is proceeding actively. These systems give a variety of information; traffic information including bus route and parking lot, building information, welfare and medical and educational facilities information, the public office information such as the cityhall, the police station, the fire house and the entertainment place information such as the parks, the movies, etc. This study aims to construct the urban life information system with the multi-query module using Visual Basic, MapObjects IMS, SDE and Oracle, which can provide spatial and attribute information according to several events.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the microbial characteristics of the urban air pollution in the subway stations, streets, department stores, wholesale markets, underground shopping centers, buildings, parks, houses and apartments in the Seoul and the suburbs area. Total cell count, total mold count and the presence of opportunistic pathogens(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.) were evaluated determine the microbial air quality. Total cell count and mold count of indoor air in the houses and apartments were 2.9$\times$10$^2$-6.3$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥ and 60-1.8$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥, respectively, and the department stores and wholesale markets had much lower cell count than the houses and apartments. Ground level of commercial stations were 2.6 fold higher than the general subway stations, and Apergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. which could cause the bronchus and lung diseases were detected 17 sampling site out of 45. Dust were collected from the commercial facilities and houses, and total cell and mold count of the dust were 4.3$\times$10$^3$-1.7$\times$10$^{6}$ cfu/g and 2.3$\times$10$^3$-6.5 $\times$10$^4$cfu/g, respectively. Therefore the dust might be one of the main reservoir of microorganims.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2015

The increasing interest in digital leisure with virtual reality has led to the emergence of digital based urban theme park. Since there were some game type based digital theme parks, which ended up failed in Korea, we analyzed game and space factors for game based digital theme park by drawing upon Maslow's need theory and the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell. We anticipate our research for analysis of game based theme park provides important groundwork on designing various digital urban theme park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 1993

This study is a fundamental research to propose the preservation and management technique of urban skylines in case of Seoul City, and to find landscape resources that based on investigation of characteristics of urban landscape. The question are is designed for citizens' perception of urban landscaped. The results of this study is summarized as follows.; 1) The representative landscapes in Seoul City are chiefly Mt.Nam, Hand River, 63 Bldg, Kyungbokgung, Namdaemum, etc. The difference of the reasons of reasons of chosing for representative landscapes is that there must be a certain difference in direction of preservation and management of the landscape. 2) The ward which don't have obvious representative landscapes requires process survey and designation for representative landscapes, and technique for strenghtening them. 3) The major places of viewing the impressive or beautiful landscape are classfied into places of viewing whole Seoul City(ex;Mt.Nam, 63 Bldg, Seoul Toewr, MT.Kwanak, etc) and places of viewing Han River(ex;Youido Square, Olympic Road, Riverside parks of Han River etc). 4) For conservation and management of urban landscapes, it is requisitive for harmony of preservation and management technique between Seoul City and each ward.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.132-143
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• 1995

Comprehensive development projects were carried out on the Han River from 1982 to 1986 for the purpose of creating a more serviceable places such as a riverside parks and autoroads and so on. However because of the river development, river ecosystem and function were destroyed. And many local autonomous entity follows comprehensive development projects as if it is a model case. To investigate the impact that the river development effects the river ecosystem, two sites which are Anyangcheon and Sooipcheon were surveyed in the right of around plants ecosystem and structure. Two sites are creek of the Hna River. Sooipcheon maintains the sound ecosystem. It has sufficient carrying capacity for the river recreation activity. The reason is that a hydrophyte absorbs nutrients from the stream and the river ecosystem meets the around terrestrial one neturally. Number of hydrophyte increase from upstream going forward to downstream. Number of hydrophyte increase from upstream going forward to downstream. Anyangchoen is seriously polluted stream out of many branch stream of the Han river. In the upstream various woody plants and hydrophyte appeared. But from the river developed area at midstream, naturalized plants dominated such as Bidens tripartita, panicum dichotomiflorum etc. To manage the creek ecologically, hydrophyts were introduced in partly for natural purification after rehavilitate the riverside, and steadily monitoring is demanded.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2001

Regional development and community design has become very important these days. Especially in Hyogo Prefecture after the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake, voluntary works have become more popular. With citizen participation, environmental circumstances change a lot. It is becoming very difficult for municipal governments alone to achieve every desirable project. NPOs made of professional members in the Hanshin area have conducted notable activities after the earthquake. At the same time it is necessary also to educate citizens for community design with greenery. These people will support their town design along with professionals. Awaji Landscape and Horticulture Planning Academy provides an excellent educational program, an introduction and examination of which should be valuable. The main concept of the education program is to foster the growth of local community design leaders. Students appreciated the programs very much even if initially they expected a more practical program about planting than programs that teach community design. Many people are active in their own towns to create better environments and communities. The network system "Alpha Green-Net" is functional to support graduates of the course. In the future these educational programs for citizens will becomes very important. Other cities are starting to have their own progrms, but they are still very short term. "Alpha Green-Net" is in the process of growing. Many members are very keen to develop their own abilities. In the future these NPOs should become independent. To help these NPOs become independent and active the educational programs should consider and teach about how to do this more in the future.