• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.384-398
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore how school social workers recognize on the school violence of adolescents by using Q methodology. To this study, selected 31 of Q samples related school violence of adolescent by applying Q methodology and 33 of socials workers completed classification table, and three types were derived. The first type is named 'a type of improvement parents' concern with nonprofessional perception' because it has a significant part in bringing up children by parents to prevent school violence of adolescent and also has a negative perception, which is difficult to approach professional intervention. The second type is named 'a type of uncertainty of responsibility with passive perception' because there is an ambiguousness between responsibility and criteria through connection of official on the school violence. The third type is named 'a type of absence of responsibility with professional perception' because it is perceived absence of job roles to prevent school violence. This type showed school social workers, as a professionals of school violence of adolescents, wanted to intervene school violence but realistic intervention was difficult. From this study, it is considered subjective perception of school social workers on the school violence of adolescents will be affected on the change of adolescents in the future, and it is a significant way to use them as a basic data to prevent or remove school violence of adolescents in the school through conception and typology of them.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the consumer roles-gainer, allocator, buyer, user and disposer- of middle school students. The methodology that has been applied to this study was an ethnography study based on in-depth interviews with ten middle schoolers selected in Changwon, Gyeongnam. The result of this study is as follows; First, as gainers, teenagers usually gained their money from their parents. Because this tends to be not periodical, allowance education should be performed to both parents and teenagers. Second, as allocators, teenagers allocated most of their money in entertaining, shopping, traveling, leaving small amount of money for saving. Thorough education supported by school and home should be held for efficient and balanced allocation of acquired allowance. Third, teenagers as buyer should be encouraged to examine carefully in their buying goods and services thus increasing their ability in solving problems related to consume. Fourth, due to the fact that teenagers' role as user is very feeble, educations related to usually consumed products and consuming environments should be strengthened. Fifth, N generation's internet-based character is reflected in disposer rules so education for better disposal in internet world should be needed. Conclusively, education for teenagers' role as consumer will be efficient is linked with school, home, and society thus providing better standard for consumers.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to apply an expectancy-value model(Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) to explain changes in six multi-ethnic students' achievement motivation in mathematics during sixth (2012) to eighth (2014) grades. In order to achieve this goal, we used narrative research methods. Although individual students' achievement motivation and mathematics related life experiences differed, there are some common factors influencing their motivation development, especially (a) roles played by parents and teachers; (b) assessment of peers' competencies; (c) past learning experiences related to mathematics curriculum; (d) perception of the relationship between mathematics competency and other subjects; (e) home backgrounds; and (f) perceived task values. In this study, we achieved some insight into why some multi-ethnic students are willing to study hard to get good scores while others are uninterested in mathematics, and why some multi-ethnic students are likely to pursue new mathematical tasks and persist despite challenges, while others easily give up studying mathematics in the face of adversity. We argue that in order to increase and sustain multi-ethnic students' achievement motivation, educators and parents should recognize that motivation is contextually formulated in the intersection of current people, time, and space, not a personal entity formed in an individual's mind. The findings of this study shed light on the development of achievement motivation and can inform efforts to develop multi-ethnic students' positive motivation, which might influence their mathematics achievement and success in school.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.285-310
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• 2017

This study reviews recent changes in parenting support policy in Japan, and examines the roles and functions of day-nursery as the base for parenting support in the local community. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the direction of the parenting support policy and child-care facilities for the local communities in South Korea. The analysis concentrates on the official national reports such as the Declining Birthrate White Paper and Japan's National Guidelines for Care and Education at Day Nursery by the Japanese Cabinet Office. The study finds that the Japanese government has introduced comprehensive medium and long-term policies for all the members of the community with recognizing the changes in the domestic and foreign child-rearing environments and social needs. These policies have also helped to improve the social awareness of parenting. The role of the day-care center has been raised as a significant part of the support for child-rearing in the local community due to the revision of the Child Welfare Act for nursery school teachers in 2001 and the official announcement of Japan's National Guidelines for Care and Education at Day Nursery in 2008. The study also concludes that the social responsibility of the nursery center has been strengthened by being utilized as a public resource for the community. From the findings, we can elicit the conclusions and implications that the roles and functions of child care centers as a significant base for parenting support in the local communities need to be considered. We also listen to the voices of stakeholders such as parents and staff of child care centers. Last but not least, we would understand the social role and importance of bringing up children by cooperation of the community members, and promote the role of child care centers as a central place providing and communicating information on child-rearing in the local communities.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-175
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find out marital conflicts and coping strategies among married female immigrants and Korean men in multicultural families. The data were collected by in.depth interviews with 12 female immigrants and 5 Korean men. The major findings of this study are as follows: Female participants suffered from marital conflicts with their spouses, conflicts with mothers.in.law, stereotyped gender roles as a wife and a daughter.in.law, economic conflicts, and cultural differences between Korea and their country. In addition, male participants reported conflicts from economic support for their wife's family, gender role differences, and cultural differences. Coping strategies used to deal with the conflicts, such as mutual dedication and understanding their spouse's stance, and developing a compromise for the family's happiness were mentioned. A personal positive nature and attitude helped them to meet the marital conflicts. Supports from their husband, parents.in.law, and society also helped female immigrants to adapt to cultural differences. However, some of them used negative coping strategies which did not reduce conflicts, and resulted in separation and divorce. The coping strategies to deal with the conflicts depended on the participants' personal ability. While female participants who had English language skills took advantage to adapt to Korean society, those who did not have any other natural abilities could develop a definite position in their family and society with their diligence and positive attitude. The results showed that female participants who were supported by their family and society tended to cope successfully with conflicts and also showed that multicultural families' marital adjustment was maintained with their efforts as well as by relationships with their relatives and society.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2007

Two lysis-defective but DNA synthesis non-defective temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mycobacteriophage L1, L1G23ts23 and L1G25ts889 were found to be defective also in phage-specific RNA synthesis in the late period of their growth at 42$^{\circ}C$each to the extent of 50% of that at 32$^{\circ}C$The double mutant, L1G23ts23G25ts889 showed the ts defect in phage RNA synthesis that was nearly additive of those shown individually by the two single-mutant parents. Both G23 and G25 were shown to start functioning sometimes between 30 and 45 min after infection but the former gene might be dispensable after 45 min, while the latter was not. Northern analysis also shows that at 42$^{\circ}C$>, L1G23ts23 affects RNA synthesis more strongly than L1G25ts889 from L1 DNA segments that serve as the template for late gene transcription. Among the 21 virion and 12 non-virion late proteins synthesized by L1, L1G23ts23 is defective in the synthesis of at least 9 virion and all of non-virion proteins at 42$^{\circ}C$>. In contrast, L1G25ts889 is completely defective in synthesis of all the 33 late proteins. Possible roles of G23 and G25 in the positive regulation of transcription of different sets of late genes of L1 have been discussed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2010

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) play crucial roles in balancing the production and decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms. These enzymes act cooperatively and synergistically to scavenge ROS. In order to imitate the synergism of these enzymes, we designed and synthesized a novel 32-mer peptide (32P) on the basis of the previous 15-mer peptide with GPX activity and a 17-mer peptide with SOD activity. Upon the selenation and chelation of copper, the 32-mer peptide was converted to a new Se- and Cu-containing 32-mer peptide (Se-Cu-32P) that displayed both SOD and GPX activities, and its kinetics was studied. Moreover, the novel peptide was demonstrated to be able to better protect vero cells from the injury induced by the xanthine oxidase (XOD)/xanthine/$Fe^{2+}$ damage system than its parents. Thus, this bifunctional enzyme imitated the synergism of SOD and GPX and could be a better candidate of therapeutic medicine.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.2 s.27
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop School Agenda 21 to activate environmental education at schools. In detail, this study is intended to develop operating procedures, major issue areas or domains, and instructions on the preparation for School Agenda 21. School Agenda 21 means the action plan which students, teachers, parents, and other concerned parties (including office of education, local municipal bodies, and NGOs) write under agreement with respect to their respective roles in order to activate environmental educations oriented toward sustainable development. The results of this study are as follow. First, the operating procedures for School Agenda 21 consist of seven steps; organization, diagnosis of problems, setup of targets or objectives, development of codes of behavior, system establishment, practices and reviews, and evaluation and feedbacks. Second, major issue areas for School Agenda 21 are classified into six; school management, class operation, independent subject activity, separate subject activity, non-subject activity, and external relations of school. Third, instructions of the preparation of School Agenda 21 address these 10 concepts; balance, unification, continuity, daily routine, linkage, environmental justice, participation, peculiarity of schools and classes, regional peculiarity, and concreteness, which consider 7 principles for environmental education, levels of learners, regional features, and concreteness. School Agenda 21 developed from this study converts existing environmental education toward sustainable development environmental education, and developed for the purpose to activate school environmental education, but ultimate purpose of this study are realizing sustainable society, sustainable future to realize education for sustainable development. So School Agenda 21 is expected to important performance way making possible Local Agenda 21, National Agenda 21, Agenda 21 as if education, public recognition and discipline contents of the 36 chapter of Agenda 21.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2002

Among the causes of childhood behavioral problems - that is, physiological, psychological, and environmental factors -, the common element of non-organic psychological and environmental factors is influences from the parents. Roles of mother who does the biggest emotional exchange with the child after birth may have substantial association with the childhood behavioral problems. In this connection, the present explanatory study was conducted for the purpose of understanding the causal structural relationship in which mother's child caring behaviors affect child behavioral problems. The data collection period was July 2 - 7, 2001. The subject was 4th, 5th, 6th graders' mothers in 4 elementary schools located in Daejoen city and 299 surveys were used in the analysis. As for the tools used in this study to assess the mother's child caring Behavior Scale by Park, Seong-Yeon and Yi, Sook (1990) was used to measure the mother's behaviors. The child behavioral problems were measured with the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), standardized into the Korean version by O, Gyung-Ja, Yi, Hye-Ryon, Hong, Gang-Eui, and Ha, Eun-Hye. For the data processing, the frequency and the percentage were calculated, and the analyses of variance, correlation were carried out. The result of this study is summarized as follows: First, the examination of the effect of mother's general characteristics on the mother's caring behavior shows that significant differences are made by the active participation (p=0.020) in the occupation, affection(p=0.000), authority control(p=0.013), achievement(p=0.030), active participation(p=0.032) in the education level, consistency regulation(p=0.007) in the religion. Second, the examination of the effect of mother's caring behaviors on the child behavioral problems shows that significant differences are made by some child behavioral problems in the affection, achievement, consistency regulation, authority control, over protection caring behaviors. Third, as for the correlation between mother's child caring behavior and child behavioral problems, a significant correlation is revealed between the negative child caring behavior and child behavioral problems.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.235-249
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• 2010

The study examined the moderating role of fearfulness on the relation between parental discipline styles and preschoolers' conscience. It also investigated the relationship between parental discipline styles and conscience and the relationship between a child's fearfulness and conscience. A sample of 250 parents of children aged between three and six (126 boys and 124 girls) completed the questionnaires on parental discipline style, preschoolers' conscience, and their fearfulness. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that young children displayed greater actions of reparation and apology when mothers did not neglect and practiced reasoning. The more coercive punishment mothers practiced, the less internalized conduct children showed. In addition, the neglecting discipline style of fathers and the reasoning style of mothers had a significant negative and positive influence, respectively, on children's guilt. The results also showed that fearfulness of children had significant positive effects on their actions of reparation and apology and guilt. Finally, fearfulness moderated influences of mothers' coercive punishment on actions of reparation and apology and fathers' reasoning on internalized conducts. Only fearful children showed not only more actions of reparation and apology when fathers had coercive discipline style but also more internalized behavior when mothers had reasoning discipline style. These results emphasize mutual influences between parental roles and children's personal traits on conscience development in early childhood.