• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.471-484
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• 2011

Recently, there has been an increase in the importance of parenting education within the society of life long learning. Parenting education should be dealt with in the view of lifelong education. This article focused on parenting education as outlined in the Lifelong Education Act. After analyzing the legal systems and the current limitations of the Lifelong Education Act in terms of parenting education, future directions were proposed. To do this, this article analyzed the Lifelong Education Act in relation to parenting education. Based on the relevant data, this article derived the following conclusions. First, it found that parenting education in terms of lifelong education that is available to anyone at anytime should be open for all parents. Second, parenting education should be clearly specified in the contents of the Lifelong Education Act. Third, the values of civic education such as dignity, consideration, and love should be included in the contents of parenting education programs. In addition, it is note worthy to comment that creative education has been important for future society. Forth, it is recommended to specify parenting education in the subject list of lifelong educator training programs in the lifelong education act. Finally, parenting education should be practiced in the various lifelong education institutions. Fundamentally, parenting education as Lifelong Education should be established not only for parent's benefits, but also for children's well-being.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2004

This research explored parenting education programs for be college students and adolescent workers, and it was focused on determining whether different parenting education programs were needed for college students and adolescent workers. The participants were 254 college students in Suncheon and 135 adolescent industrial workers in Ulsan. Data were gathered via questionnaires and two-way ANOVA analyses of parenting effectiveness by sex and social status(college student, versus adolescent industrial worker), and by age and social status were performed. There were no significant differences based on sex, age, or social status, and no interaction effect. However, there were significant differences in adolescents' parenting effectiveness depending on childhood parenting experiences, parenting knowledge, and parenting education program experience. Among the predictors(sex, age, social status, childhood parenting experience, parenting knowledge, and parent education experiences) adolescents' childhood parenting experiences was the strongest variable for predicting parenting effectiveness. In this regard, the results confirmed Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System's Theory that family influences children's belief systems about parenting effectiveness in the microsystem. Furthermore, the results indicate that a different parenting education program is not needed for college students and adolescent industrial workers, respectively; instead, a more comprehensive parenting education program for all adolescents - regardless of social status is needed. And based on the present study's results, the importance of child development knowledge, and parent-child relationships in parenting education programs was also confirmed. From a broader social perspective, all adolescents are encouraged to participate in parenting education programs.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.127-143
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• 2009

Participants in this study were 207 mothers of toddlers; they completed questionnaires on their need for and knowledge level of parent education, parenting efficacy, and parenting stress. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Mothers indicated high need for parent education; their knowledge level was moderate. Most mothers answered they'd like to participate in a parent education program; their preference was for small group programs implemented for 1-2 hours in the morning on weekdays for six sessions. Mothers with more knowledge of parenting information for toddlers showed higher parenting efficacy and experienced less parenting stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.227-242
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the reality of the demand for parent education by mothers of adolescents based on their knowledge of raising a child, related to parenting efficacy and parenting stress. Mothers of 207 middle school adolescents completed questionnaires. Instruments included scales on demand for parent education (Lee, 1995 and Byun, 1999), parenting efficacy (Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), and parenting stress (Kim, 2004 Abidin, 1990). Results showed mothers high in knowledge of parenting had higher parenting efficacy and less parenting stress mothers high in maternalanxiety expressed higher demand for parenting understanding and improvement and for their children's academic adjustment; and mothers with higher maternal parenting stress expressed higher demand for parenting education.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, especially education and employment, and parenting stress on the child's self-concept. Attention was also paid to the mediating impact of parenting style on the relationship between the maternal variables and a child's self-concept. Methods : A questionnaire and three scales were completed by fifth graders and their mothers, and 270 sets of paired data were analyzed. Results : The results showed that mothers with higher education experienced less child-related parenting stress, were perceived to be more achievement-oriented and rational by their children, and also had children with more positive self-concept. The relationship between maternal education and child's self-concept was mediated by the rationality dimension of parenting style. Maternal employment was not related to parenting stress, parenting style and most aspects of the child's self-concept. Lastly, child-related parenting stress had a negative effect on the child's self-concept, and this effect was mediated by the warmth and rationality dimensions of parenting style. Conclusion : Parenting style had a mediating effect on the relationships between the child's self-concept and maternal education and child-related parenting stress.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.131-156
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. Method: A study sample was composed of 870 mothers whose first child was younger than one-year old from the Panel Study on Korean Children in 2008(mean age=30.1, SD = 3.69). The descriptive statistics of parenting education participation were presented. In addition, negative binomial and logistic regression models were used in Stata13 in order to examine the variables related to parenting education participation of mothers in the transition to parenthood. Results: Approximately 82% of the mothers reported that they had participated in at least one parenting education program. Further, mother's educational level, monthly household income, mother's working experience, and community type generally predicted parenting education participation of mothers. However, the effects of these variables varied by the subjects and the providing institutions. Conclusion: This study provides the overall picture of parenting education participation of Korean mothers in the transition to parenthood and its related variables. The findings can be utilized to plan more effective parenting education programs for new parents.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore structural relationships among social support, parenting stress, self-perception and parenting behavior perceived by mother and provide preliminary data useful for desirable parenting behavior. For this purpose, the data of fourth wave Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) including social support, parenting stress, self-perception and parenting behavior measured by 1,746 mothers with 3-year-old children were analyzed. We identified structural relationships among the variables using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 applying structural equation modeling. Measurement model and structure model had favorable goodness of fit and the results of structure models on each path were as follows. First, parenting behavior had positive correlations with social support and self-perception but there was a negative correlation between parenting behavior and parenting stress. Second, the relationship between social support and self-perception was mediated by parenting stress and parenting stress and self-perception mediated the relationship between social support and parenting relationship. In conclusion it is required to raise awareness about the importance of development of various parent education programs and parenting behavior.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to review the relationship between parenting daily hassles (PDHs), parenting burden and maltreatment as perceived by Korean and Japanese mothers raising children. In addition, the influence of parenting support, efficiency and satisfaction on child maltreatment were also reviewed. Methods: Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires given to the mothers using the childcare center in both countries. As for the final procedure, 820 Korea and 700 Japan mothers were statistically processed, and data were analyed through factor analysis and path analysis. Result: The results showed that in both countries, parenting burden caused by PDHs significantly affected physical and mental maltreatment. parenting efficiency and satisfaction as a buffering factor could inhibit mental maltreatment. However, among buffering factors, Korean parenting mothers chose parenting efficiency and Japanese parenting mothers did parenting satisfaction. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is needed parenting mothers are offered on opportunity to take health education programs and to understand their child's behaviors and learn parent's roles of parenting. In addition, local community support is desired.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean culture-specific parenting education program for parents with school aged children, and to investigate how this program affected their overall parenting behavior. We ran an 8-week session program for parents with first, second and third elementary school graders and conducted questionnaires before and after the program in order to examine the program's effects. In the questionnaire, we asked participants about parenting behavior, parenting stress, parenting efficacy and parenting knowledge. The results showed that the program participants tended to have higher scores on parenting behavior, parenting efficacy and parenting knowledge after the eight sessions. They also demonstrated lower scores on parenting stress. Study results imply that our parenting program is practical in an elementary school setting and can also apply to higher graders.