• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.175-240
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand how the perception and attitude in children's education have changed over the 20th century in South Korea by searching the newspaper articles. The modernization in 20th century brought radical changes in every aspect of Korean society including education. As an educational attitude and policies from the government changed, so did the tones reflected in the newspaper articles. To sum up, there were four (4) principal changes found from this study as follows;Firstly, parental involvement and role as an educator became more important in Korean society and huge generation gap arose in attitudes towards children's education and custody. Secondly, the traditional gender-based roles of mothers' with image of love and fathers' with strength disappeared and mothers' responsibility of children's education were more emphasized during 20th century. Meanwhile, today's society is calling for an immediate return of fathers' involvement and commitment to children's education in the household. Thirdly, as the overflow of information and knowledge in 20th society caused an excessive interest in children's education, there were rising demands for establishing proper views and ideas on children's education. Lastly, the responsibilities of children's education which had been laid on household was expanded to public and government, which can be seen from the fact that an educational support from the government was extended to the children of overseas Korean as well as those residing in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.435-459
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• 2011

The present study explored Korean parents' perceptions of and behavior toward game use among teenagers in Korea. A total of 600 Korean mothers of teenagers residing in Seoul and five other metropolitan areas participated in the survey. The survey was constructed based on five categories of variables, including the overall perception of games and game use, specific attitudes toward game use, cognitions about and attitudes toward game addiction, factors predicting parental monitoring of children's game use, and views and opinions about what needs to be done to promote healthy game cultures as well as to prevent problematic game use among teenagers in Korea. Results indicate that the respondents' overall perceptions of and attitudes toward games and game use are negative. In contrast, attitudes toward game use of the respondent's own child are contingent upon various comparison standards. Results also indicate that the respondents tend to overestimate the possibility that their own child is addicted to games, and their perceptions of game addiction are based on a narrow range of behavioral symptoms. Additional analyses indicate that parental monitoring of teenagers' game use can be predicted by the theoretical model driven from Ajzen(1991)'s theory of planned behavior. Finally, results also indicate that, in order to deal with the problems associated with teenagers' game use, proactive approaches to promote healthy game cultures as well as various initiatives to prevent problematic game use are necessary. Implications of the findings and future direction were discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2023

Traditionally, Germany, a conservative welfare state, has pursued a male breadwinner model based on gender division of labor. For a long time, Germany tried to address low fertility through economic support centered on cash benefits, but it was not successful. In 2007, the German government began to shift the paradigm of family policy for work-life balance under the slogan of "A mix of time policy, income transfer, and infrastructure." When the issue of low birth rates emerged as a national concern in Germany, there was a growing social sentiment that not only the government but also private companies should contribute to increasing fertility by providing family-friendly personnel policies and working conditions. Private companies have been voluntarily improving family-friendly working conditions beyond legal obligations, aiming to secure personnel and prevent turnover. Germany's fertility rate is currently rising toward the European average level in 2023, which can be attributed to the government's work-life balance policies and the participation of private companies. In terms of improving work-life balance policies in Korea, it has been proposed to change the perception of the need for fathers to participate in child care, to make parental leave compulsory for men, to guarantee employment for women after childbirth, to expand child care facilities, and to revitalize family-friendly policies in companies.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2024

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate parental perspectives on cognitive rehabilitation using a combination of phenomenological research methodology and word cloud analysis. Methods : Interviews were conducted with five parents of children with developmental disabilities. Word cloud analysis was conducted using Python, and five researchers analyzed the meaning units and themes using phenomenological methods. Words with high frequency were considered as a heuristic tool. Results : A total of 43 meaning units and nine components related to the phenomenon of cognitive rehabilitation were derived, and three themes were finalized. The main themes encompassed the definition of cognitive rehabilitation, challenges associated with cognitive rehabilitation, and factors influencing the selection of a cognitive rehabilitation institute. Cognitive rehabilitation emerged as a treatment focused on improving learning, daily functioning, and cognitive abilities in children with developmental disabilities. The perceived issues with cognitive rehabilitation pertained to treatment methods, therapist expertise, and associated costs. In addition, parents highlighted the importance of therapist expertise, humane personality, and affordability of cost and schedule when choosing a cognitive rehabilitation institute. Conclusion : Parents expressed expectations for substantial improvements in their children's daily functioning through cognitive rehabilitation. However, challenges were identified in clinical practices. Going forward, we expect that cognitive rehabilitation will evolve into a better therapeutic support service addressing the concerns raised by parents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of son preference and the related factors among married women in Metro Manila Philippines and to compare between Filipino women and Chinese-Filipino women in many respects. Local schools were contacted for recruitment of participants (n=206) The results showed that more than a half of the respondents(54.5%) preferred a son for the first child. On the other hand almost a half(44.7%) preferred a daughter for the second child. It is interesting that almost a third of married women showed an equal preference between a son and a daughter for the first child (34.2%) and the second child (31.2%) The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that son preference was most strongly related to women's patriarchal attitude and orientation and secondly to a strong son preference for the first child. Two groups of women Filipino and Chinese-Filipino were compared in the level of parental support and expectation for sons and d ughters perception of women's position in family and society patriarchal attitudes and orientation sex preference for the first and the second child reasons of son preference and demographic characteristics. It was found that filipino women tended to prefer a daughter for the second child much more and to perceive women's position much higher than Chinese-Filipino women. Filipino mothers showed an equal level of support and expectations for sons and daughters much more than Chinese groups. For the reasons of son preference it was notable that Filipino women tended to rely on sons in old age much more than Filipino counterparts. Based on the findings of this study three factors were found strong enough to drawour attention. Daughter preference high position of women and equal support for sons and daughters appeared to be closely related in a meaningful way. Future studies need to focus on the relationships among three factors in depth Three factors suggest some important direction tha a strong son preference country like Korea need to head forward in a near future.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2017

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between marital conflict, parentification, and adolescent anxiety. Methods: The participants comprised 301 high school students from the Seoul province. They were asked to complete questionnaires that consisted of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, and the Filial Responsibility Scale-Youth. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. To analyze the collected data, SPSS 18.0 was used. Results: First, the content and resolution of marital conflict had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Second, unfairness parentification had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Third, the frequency of marital conflict had an effect on emotional parentification. Further, the intensity, content, and resolution of marital conflict had effect on unfairness parentification. Fourth, unfairness parentification played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the content of marital conflict and adolescent anxiety (state anxiety/trait anxiety). In addition, unfairness parentification played a complete mediating role in the relationship between the resolution of marital conflict and adolescent trait anxiety. Conclusion: These results indicate that parentification plays an important role in marital conflict and adolescent anxiety. In addition, this study also shows that marital conflict has an important effect on adolescent anxiety directly. Therefore, this study will be useful for developing both parental education and counseling programs for adolescents.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.384-389
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• 2017

The resistance to dentistry is as old as the history of dentistry. Historically, dental treatment techniques have continued to evolve to minimize pain with effective treatment, but the negative perception of dentistry has not been reduced as much as the development of technology. Particularly, children have a lack of resistance to external stimuli, mental development and patience, and the degree of cooperation with dental care is reduced due to changes in parenting methods including parental influence, so can experience DFA(dental fear and anxiety) and DBMP(dental behavior management problem). Among the various stimuli experienced by the child in the dentist, psychological factors affecting the dentist, dental clinic, and social factors affect the formation of the relationship with the dentist. Especially in recent years, the addiction related to smartphone is emerging as a social problem, and the effects of smartphone addiction on the oral cavity and the effects on dental behavior are examined.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.67-82
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• 1981

The present study was intended to investigate ecological characteristics of poverty areas in Seoul from the perspectives of children's development. More specifically, the objectives of the study are to examine environmental ecology of the poverty areas and it's potential psycho-social development of children. Three poverty areas and 150 children currently living in the are as were sampled ; 70 children from middle class families and 88 from lower class respectively. Focal ecological aspects surveyed family environment, outdoor play ground and facilities, and village housing structures. Psycho-social dimension's development dealt with in the study included children's perceptions of parental child rearing practices and role taking, and children's future perception and perspectives. Data were collected through interviews and observations using structured formats. Following results were obtained from the data : 1. Children from the poverty families showed a higher tendency to have working mothers than those from middle class. 2. The rate of having single room is higher for children from middle class by two times than from lower class. 3. Children from lower class tended to have less favorable perceptions of attitudes tote and their own families than those from middle class. 4. The likelihood of showing discrepancy in vocational choice for children between parents and children is higher for children from lower class and those from middle class. 5. Children from lower class tended to allot more time in playing with peers than those from middle class. 6. The size of outdoor play ground are inadequately poor both for middle and lower class children. The inadequateness is particularly severe for the lower class children, showing that the size and facilities of playing ground available for the child from lower class is less than half compared with those of the children from middle class.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

Objectives : This study examined maternal object relations, child's and mother's perception on rearing attitude, and children's self-esteem in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their mothers. Methods : 64 children with ADHD and their mothers were included in the study group. In the control group, there were 85 children and their mothers. Mothers completed the following tests : Bell object relation inventory (BORI), maternal behavior research instrument (MBRI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). Children completed Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results : Mothers of ADHD children displayed more rejecting and controlling parenting style than mothers in the control group. ADHD children showed lower self-esteem and perceived their parents as not affectionate, but rejecting and controlling. Mothers with ADHD children who belonged to object relations pathological group showed more rejecting rearing attitude and their children believed that they were more controlling, compared with children and mothers in other conditions. Among factors in mother's object relations, insecure attachment and ego-centricity impacted the rearing attitude. In turn, affective rearing attitude mainly influenced children's self-esteem. Conclusion : This study suggests that the approach focused on mother's object relations may help with the treatment of children with ADHD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.