• Human Ecology Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of adolescents' perceived parental blame (criticism) on learned helplessness and to examine whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination sequentially mediate the relationship between parental blame and learned helplessness. The participants were 316 adolescents (Mean age=16.7, SD=0.75; 137 male, 179 female) attending grades 1st and 2nd in high school in South Korea. The participants were selected using a snowball sampling method, while the data was collected via an online self-report questionnaire. This survey was completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS 28.0, Amos 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY), and PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 6; Hayes, 2022). The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the adolescents' perceived paternal and maternal blame indicated significant direct effects on learned helplessness. Secondly, rumination mediated the effect of paternal and maternal blame on learned helplessness. Lastly, paternal and maternal blame significantly affected learned helplessness through the sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination. This study elucidates the causal structure among the various factors influencing learned helplessness in adolescents, focusing on parental blame, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, and rumination. Furthermore, considering the verified sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination in the relationship between adolescents' perceived parental blame and learned helplessness, these findings suggest that modifying maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may help to reduce learned helplessness among adolescents who perceive high levels of parental blame.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the benefits in children’'s wear sought by mothers and to identify the influence of parental attitudes and clothing involvements. A survey was conducted and 350 responses collected from mothers who have elementary school-aged children were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 evaluation version. As a result, firstly, eight dimensions of benefits in children’'s wear were identified; individuality/expression, conformity, aesthetics/fashion, social status, functional value, standard, blame avoidance and economic value. Secondly, the influences of mothers’' parental attitudes on the clothing benefits and the moderating effects of clothing involvements were found. The effects of parental attitudes on the benefits were dependent on mothers’' clothing involvements.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.233-246
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• 2006

This study investigated effects of parent-related variables on children's coping with stress. Subjects were 409 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children(213 boys and 196 girls) selected from three elementary schools in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed by frequency, mean, and hierachical multiple regression. Major findings were that among the inter-parental conflicts perceived by the children, self-blame and triangulation affects children's coping behavior resulting in children's aggressive and passive/avoidant behaviors. The more children experience parent-related stress, the more children show aggressive and passive/avoidant coping behaviors. With more open-communication in parent-child relations, children's coping shows more active and social support seeking coping behaviors during stress situations.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 2012

This study aimed to express the experiences of the parents who lost their children by suicides in their own words from their own perspectives by van Manen(2000)'s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The analysis of the words expressed by the research participants led to the following five fundamental themes. These are 'broken heart, sinner's grief, land of exile and time stood still, pains to be comforted, and days ahead with half-stitched wounds'. Several distinctions are found due to cultural differences from Korean parents. First, whereas the Western parents see the cause of their child's suicide as his/her independent issue, the Korean parents blame themselves entirely. This may have stemmed from the overly inter-dependency between the parents and the child. Second, whereas the Western perspective views the suicide as a type of illness from the individual's depression. The Korean perspective views the suicide as a shame that disgraces the parents or the family. This negative social perspective intensifies the self-blame and social isolation. Third, the Westerners recognize the prevention and responsibility of suicide resting with the society and government, but the Korean society recognize suicide as personal or family matter. Based on the finding above, I proposed a number of practical measures to aid the surviving parents who belong to a group with extremely high suicidal rates.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to establish the relative influences of individual variables (sex, age, temperament) and mother's psychosocial variables (maternal attitude, parenting stress, marriage satisfaction) on daily stress levels and maladjustment of young children attending at daycare centers. Subjects were 224 pairs of children and their mothers, and 18 teachers from 5 child-care centers in Gwangju City. Children were tested individually using 22-item daily stress inventory with illustrations which described certain stressful situations. Questionnaires were also administered to mothers and teachers. Collected data were subjected to Cronbach's $\alpha$, correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS (WIN 14.0) program. The major findings were as follows; Overall average score of children's daily stress was equivalent with the median. 'Blame and attack situation' and 'anxiety and frustrated situation' were perceived as more stressful for children than 'lose self-respect situation'. Overall average score of children's maladjustment was lower than the median. 'Overactivity' was highest among subscores of maladjustment. Age was the only significant influential factor on children's daily stress level. Sex was the most influential factor on 'overactivity', 'aggression', and 'regression' of young children. Activity and maternal stress were the second most influential factor on 'overactivity' and 'aggression', respectively.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.53-75
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• 2018

This study explores and compares how rural teachers and Chinese newspapers representing the dominant ideology of the state and the local government construct left behind children's problems and solutions. I draw on teacher interviews in two rural schools and the reports of three major Chinese newspapers (2011 to 2015). Teacher and media narratives largely agreed that parental absence and negative mental health consequences were the biggest source of the problem, placing the blame largely on families. However, the narratives diverged when discussing solutions as teachers largely sought institutional structural solutions while the media emphasized the individual role that volunteers could play. School-based activities and teachers' contributions extensively discussed in teacher interviews were muted from newspaper reports that emphasized contributions from government officials and local representatives.