• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.911-922
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate growth characteristics of Kimchi cabbage cultivated in various highland areas, and to create a predicting model for the production of highland Kimchi cabbage based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Regression model for the estimation of head weight was designed with non-destructive measured growth variables (NDGV) such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), head height (HH), head width (HW), and growing degree days (GDD), which was $y=6897.5-3.57{\times}GDD-136{\times}LW+116{\times}PH+155{\times}HH-423{\times}HW+0.28{\times}HH{\times}HW{\times}HW$, ($r^2=0.989$), and was improved by using compensation terms such as the ratio (LW estimated with GDD/measured LW ), leaf growth rate by soil moisture, and relative growth rate of leaf during drought period. In addition, we proposed Excel spreadsheet model for simulation of yield prediction of highland Kimchi cabbage. This Excel spreadsheet was composed four different sheets; growth data sheet measured at famer's field, daily average temperature data sheet for calculating GDD, soil moisture content data sheet for evaluating the soil water effect on leaf growth, and equation sheet for simulating the estimation of production. This Excel spreadsheet model can be practically used for predicting the production of highland Kimchi cabbage, which was calculated by (acreage of cultivation) ${\times}$ (number of plants) ${\times}$ (head weight estimated with growth variables and GDD) ${\times}$ (compensation terms derived relationship of GDD and growth by soil moisture) ${\times}$ (marketable head rate).

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

In this study, a probabilistic model for the estimation of yearly workable wave condition period for offshore operations is developed. In doing so, we first hindcast the significant wave heights and peak periods off the Ulsan every hour from 2003.1.1 to 2017.12.31 based on the meteorological data by JMA (Japan Meterological Agency) and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and SWAN. Then, we proceed to derive the long term significant wave height distribution from the simulated time series using a least square method. It was shown that the agreements are more remarkable in the distribution in line with the Modified Glukhovskiy Distribution than in the three parameters Weibull distribution which has been preferred in the literature. In an effort to develop a more comprehensive probabilistic model for the estimation of yearly workable wave condition period for offshore operations, wave height distribution over the 15 years with individual waves occurring within the unit simulation period (1 hour) being fully taken into account is also derived based on the Borgman Convolution Integral. It is shown that the coefficients of the Modified Glukhovskiy distribution are $A_p=15.92$, $H_p=4.374m$, ${\kappa}_p=1.824$, and the yearly workable wave condition period for offshore work is estimated to be 319 days when a threshold wave height for offshore work is $H_S=1.5m$. In search of a way to validate the probabilistic model derived in this study, we also carry out the wave by wave analysis of the entire time series of numerically simulated significant wave heights over the 15 years to collect every duration periods of waves the height of which are surpassing the threshold height which has been reported to be $H_S=1.5m$ in the field practice in South Korea. It turns out that the average duration period is 45.5 days from 2003 to 2017, which is very close to 46 days from the probabilistic model derived in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.136-149
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• 2022

In this study, the performance of a nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model used to estimate the stem taper of Pinus densiflora in Gangwon Province was compared with that of a nonlinear fixed-effects (NLFE) model using several performance measures. For the diameters of whole tree stems, the NLME model improved on the performance of the NLFE model by 26.4%, 42.9%, 43.1%, and 0.9% in terms of BIAS, MAB, RMSE, and FI, respectively. For the cross-section areas of whole tree stems, the NLME model improved on the performance of the NLFE model by 67.7%, 44.7%, 45.8%, and 1.0% in terms of BIAS, MAB, RMSE, and FI, respectively. Based on the analysis of 12 relative height classes of tree stems, stem taper estimation performance was also reasonably improved by the NLME model, which showed better MAB, RMSE, and FI at every relative height class compared with those of the NLFE model. In some classes, the NLFE model had better BIAS than the NLME model (stem diameter: 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.8; stem cross-section area: 0.05, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, and 1.0). However, the NLME model enhanced the performance of stem diameter and cross-section area estimations at the lowest stem part (0.2 m from the ground). Improvements for stem diameter in terms of BIAS, MAB, RMSE, and FI were 84.2%, 69.8%, 68.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. For stem cross-section areas, the improvements in BIAS, MAB, RMSE, and FI were 98.5%, 70.1%, 68.7%, and 3.1%, respectively. The cross-section area at 0.2 m from the ground occupied 22.7% of total cross-section area. Improvements in estimation of cross-section area at the lowest stem part indicate that stem volume estimation performance could also be enhanced. Although NLME models are more difficult to fit than NLFE models, the use of NLME models as a standard method for the estimating the parameters of stem taper equations should be considered.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for ultrasound and carcass traits in Hanwoo. Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated for carcass and ultrasound measurements collected from Hanwoo cows (n=312) born at Hanwoo experiment station. Traits evaluated were eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), marbling score (MS) from carcass, and ultrasound eye muscle area (UEMA), ultrasound backfat (UBF), and ultrasound marbling score (UMS). Parameters were estimated using multi-trait animal models byderivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Estimated heritabilities for UBF, UEMA and UMS were 0.43, 0.23 and 0.32, while heritabilities for BF, EMA and MS were 0.33, 0.13 and 0.33 in fattened cows, respectively. Genetic correlations between ultrasound and carcass measurements were estimated to -0.19, -0.61, and -0.36 for UBF: UEMA, UBF: UMS, and UEMA: UMS in fattened cows, respectively. Phenotypic correlations between ultrasound and carcass measurements were 0.03, 0.13 and 0.26 for UBF: UEMA, UBF: UMS, and UEMA: UMS in fattened cows, respectively. As for the steer, genetic correlations between ultrasound and carcass measurements were 0.36, -0.80 and 0.27 for UBF: UEMA, UBF: UMS, and UEMA: UMS in steers, respectively. Phenotypic correlations between ultrasound and carcass measurements were 0.13, 0.07 and 0.41 for UBF: UEMA, UBF: UMS, and UEMA: UMS in steers, respectively. In conclusion, this finding would be very useful to implement into Hanwoo breeding program.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.317-321
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics and estimate the genetic parameters of average daily gain (ADG) and carcass traits of Hanwoo. The data used in this study were 4,681 heads which were performance-tested and 4,442 heads which were progeny-tested in test station of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation. The means and standard deviations of ADG between 6~9 months (ADG:6-9), ADG between 9~12 (ADG:9-12) and ADG between 6~12 (ADG:6-12) from the performance test were $1.04{\pm}0.16$, $1.11{\pm}0.17$ and $1.07{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of ADG:6-9 and ADG:9-12, ADG:6-9 and ADG:6-12, ADG:9-12 and ADG:6-12 were -0.03, 0.66 and 0.65, respectively. The phenotypic correlations of ADG:6-12 with carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) from progeny test were 0.446, 0.199, 0.0266 and 0.045, respectively. Estimated heritabilities from the pooled data were 0.251 (ADG:6-12), 0.298 (CW), 0.424 (EMA), 0.503 (BF) and 0.626 (MS), respectively. Estimated genetic correlations of ADG:6-12 with CW, EMA, BF, MS were 0.606, 0.292, -0.095 and -0.007, respectively. From these results, it could be suggested that selection for ADG significantly affects CW, EMA and BF by correlated response to selection.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2012

The considerable portion of energy demand has been satisfied by the combustion of fossil fuel and the consequent $CO_2$ emission was considered as a main cause of global warming. As a technology option for $CO_2$ emission mitigation, absorption process has been used in $CO_2$ capture from large scale emission sources. To set up optimal operating parameters in $CO_2$ absorption and solvent regeneration units are important for the better performance of the whole $CO_2$ absorption plant. Optimal operating parameters are usually selected through a lot of actual operation data. However theoretical approach are also useful because the arbitrary change of process parameters often limited for the stability of process operation. In this paper, a theoretical approach based on vapor-liquid equilibrium was proposed to estimate optimal operating conditions of $CO_2$ absorption process. Two $CO_2$ absorption processes using 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution and 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution were investigated in this theoretical estimation of optimal operating conditions. The results showed that $CO_2$ loading of rich absorbent should be kept below 0.4 in case of 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution for $CO_2$ absorption but there was no limitation of $CO_2$ loading in case of 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution for $CO_2$ absorption. The optimal regeneration temperature was determined by theoretical approach based on $CO_2$ loadings of rich and lean absorbent, which determined to satisfy the amount of absorbed $CO_2$. The amount of heating medium at optimal regeneration temperature is also determined to meet the difference of $CO_2$ loading between rich and lean absorbent. It could be confirmed that the theoretical approach, which accurately estimate the optimal regeneration conditions of lab scale $CO_2$ absorption using 12 wt% aqueous $NH_3$ solution could estimate those of 20 wt% aqueous MEA solution and could be used for the design and operation of $CO_2$ absorption process using chemical absorbent.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1994

Many previously described nuclear medicine procedures to assess glomerular filtration rate have some problems because numerous blood sample is to be taken and they don't measure each separate renal function. Gates described isotopic method for the measurement of global and unilateral GFR based on the fractional renal uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA 2 to 3 minutes after its intravenous injection. We evaluated GFR using $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA in 57 people according to Gates method and compared with creatinine clearance. A good correlation was observed between creatinine clearance and GFR calculated by Gates' formula with an r value of 0.9(P<0.05). And also the relationship between parameters of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA renal scan images and GFR was taken. They were significantly correlated with GFR calculated by Gates' formula : r value 0.66 between relative intensity of peak renal to peak aortic activity(pK/pA) and GFR, -0.42 between time between aortic and kidney peak(A-K) and GFR and -0.48 between parenchymal renal activity at 25 min compared to peak kidney activity(25K/pK) and GFR. In conclusion, the determination of GFR according to the Gates' formula shows good and reproducible of GFR with rapidity and simplicity. And the parameters from the renal scan images can use to estimate the renal function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.136-152
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• 2017

The thermodynamic models, PC-SAFT (Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associated Fluid Theory) state equation and the Two-model approach liquid activity coefficient model NRTL (Non Random Two Liquid) + Henry + Peng-Robinson, for modeling the Rectisol process using methanol aqueous solution as the $CO_2$ removal solvent were compared. In addition, to determine the new binary interaction parameters of the PC-SAFT state equations and the Henry's constant of the two-model approach, absorption equilibrium experiments between carbon dioxide and methanol at 273.25K and 262.35K were carried out and regression analysis was performed. The accuracy of the newly determined parameters was verified through the regression results of the experimental data. These model equations and validated parameters were used to model the carbon dioxide removal process. In the case of using the two-model approach, the methanol solvent flow rate required to remove 99.00% of $CO_2$ was estimated to be approximately 43.72% higher, the cooling water consumption in the distillation tower was 39.22% higher, and the steam consumption was 43.09% higher than that using PC-SAFT EOS. In conclusion, the Rectisol process operating under high pressure was designed to be larger than that using the PC-SAFT state equation when modeled using the liquid activity coefficient model equation with Henry's relation. For this reason, if the quantity of low-solubility gas components dissolved in a liquid at a constant temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas phase, the carbon dioxide with high solubility in methanol does not predict the absorption characteristics between methanol and carbon dioxide.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2003

Genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits were estimated on the basis of the data from 3,415 heads of Hanwoo bulls tested at Livestock Improvement Main Center. The data were divided into two groups : the first period group consisted of 1,592 heads of bulls tested in individual pens from 1986 to 1990 and the second period group consisted of 1,823 heads of bulls tested in group pens from 1991 to 1996. The testing period was from 6 to 18 months of age in the first period group and 10 to 22 months of age in the second period group. The average daily gains during 6 to 12 months and 12 to 18 months were 1.01kg and 0.77kg, respectively, in the first period group and 0.80kg and 0.95kg in the second period group, and the compensated growth appeared to have occurred in the second period group. The heritability of body weight at 12 months estimated was 0.37 during the first period and 0.47 during the second period. The heritability of body weight at 18 months was 0.29 during the first period and 0.33 during the second period. The heritability of average daily gain during 6${\sim}$12 months estimated was 0.26 for the first period and 0.33 for the second period. The heritability of average daily gain during 12${\sim}$18 months estimated was 0.11 for the first period and 0.22 for the second period. The heritabilities of body weights and average daily gains estimated tended to be higher in the second period than in the first period. The heritability of body measurements at 12 months during the first period estimated was 0.30 for withers height, 0.25 for rump height, 0.11 for thurls width and 0.13 for chest girth. The heritability of body measurments at 12 months during the second period was 0.53 for withers height, 0.44 for rump height, 0.36 for thurls width and 0.56 for chest girth. The heritabilites of withers height, rump height, thurls width and chest girth at 18 months of age were 0.40, 0.22, 0.12 and 0.21 during the first period and 0.45, 0.42, 0.42 and 0.35 during the second period, respectively. The heritability of carcass traits estimated during the first period was 0.11 for carcass weight, 0.24 for dressing percent, 0.25 for eye muscle area, 0.18 for backfat thickness and 0.21 for carcass length. The heritabilities of carcass weight, dressing percent, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, carcass length and marbling score during the second period estimated were 0.32, 0.52, 0.33, 0.51, 0.58 and 0.31, respectively. The genetic correlations between the first and second periods estimated were higher than 0.8 for chest girth at 12 months, rump height at 18 months, carcass weight and dressing percent, but were lower for other traits.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.846-855
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• 1999

Background : Secondary pulmonary hypertension is an important final endpoint in patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease, accompanied by deterioration of pulmonary hemodynamics. The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and/or cor pulmonale could be difficult, and simple noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures has been an relevant clinical challenge for many years. Doppler echocardiography might to be a more reliable method for evaluating pulmonary hemodynamics in such patients in terms of the accuracy, reproducibility and easiness for obtaining an appropriate echocardiographic window than M-mode echocardiography. The aim of this study was to assess echocardiographic parameters associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, defined by increasing right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP), calculated from trans-tricuspid gradient in patients with chronic hypoxic lungs. Method : We examined 19 patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease, suspected pulmonary hypertension under the clinical guidelines by two dimensional echocardiography via the left parasternal and subcostal approach in a supine position. Doppler echocardiography measured RVSP from tricuspid regurgitant velocity in continuous wave with 2.5MHz transducer and acceleration time(AT) on right ventricular outflow tract in pulsed wave for the estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Results : On echocardiography, moderate to severe degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension was defined as RVSP more than 40mmHg, presenting tricuspid regurgitation. Increased right ventricular endsystolic diameter and shortened AT were noted in the increased RVSP group. Increased RVSP was correlated negatively with the shortening of AT. Other clinical data, including pulmonary functional parameters, arterial blood gas analysis and M mode echocardiographic parameters were not changed significantly with the increased RVSP. Conclusion : These findings suggest that shortened AT on pulsed doppler can be useful when quantifying pulmonary arterial pressure with increased RVSP in patients with chronic lung disease with hypoxemia. Doppler echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension of chronic hypoxic lungs is an useful option, based on noninvasiveness under routine clinical practice.