• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.933-941
• /
• 2021

Ginsenoside Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside that is naturally found in ginseng, and exhibits a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in several cell types. The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo model of hair follicle (HF)-mimic based on a human dermal papilla (DP) spheroid system prepared by three-dimensional (3D) culture and to investigate the effect of Rg4 on the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Treatment of the DP spheroids with Rg4 (20 to 50 ㎍/ml) significantly increased the viability and size of the DP spheres in a dose-dependent manner. Rg4 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of DP signature genes that are related to hair growth including ALP, BMP2, and VCAN in the DP spheres. Analysis of the signaling molecules and luciferase reporter assays further revealed that Rg4 induces the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, which activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results correlated with not only the increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin following the treatment of the DP spheres with Rg4 but also the significant elevation of mRNA expression of the downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including WNT5A, β-catenin, and LEF1. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg4 promotes the hair-inductive properties of DP cells by activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in DP spheres, suggesting that Rg4 could be a potential natural therapy for hair growth.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2021

Alopecia is a distressing condition caused by the dysregulation of anagen, catagen, and telogen in the hair cycle. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) regulate the hair cycle and play important roles in hair growth and regeneration. Myristoleic acid (MA) increases Wnt reporter activity in DPCs. However, the action mechanisms of MA on the stimulation of anagen signaling in DPCs is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MA on anagen-activating signaling pathways in DPCs. MA significantly increased DPC proliferation and stimulated the G2/M phase, accompanied by increasing cyclin A, Cdc2, and cyclin B1. To elucidate the mechanism by which MA promotes DPC proliferation, we evaluated the effect of MA on autophagy and intracellular pathways. MA induced autophagosome formation by decreasing the levels of the phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR) and increasing autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3II (LC3II). MA also increased the phosphorylation levels of Wnt/β-catenin proteins, such as GSK3β (Ser9) and β-catenin (Ser552 and Ser675). Treatment with XAV939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, attenuated the MA-induced increase in β-catenin nuclear translocation. Moreover, XAV939 reduced MA-induced effects on cell cycle progression, autophagy, and DPC proliferation. On the other hand, MA increased the levels of phospho (Thr202/Tyr204)-extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK). MA-induced ERK phosphorylation led to changes in the expression levels of Cdc2, Atg7 and LC3II, as well as DPC proliferation. Our results suggest that MA promotes anagen signaling via autophagy and cell cycle progression by activating the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK pathways in DPCs.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 오미자 열매로부터 모유두세포 증식에 활성을 나타내는 gomisin N을 정제하고 gomisin N의 함량이 높은 추출물을 얻기 위한 최적의 추출조건을 확인하였다. 추출물 및 분획물에 대하여 모유두세포 증식 활성 실험을 진행한 결과, n-hexane 분획물 1 ㎍/mL 처리군에서 약 29%의 증식 활성을 나타내었다. n-Hexane 분획물의 활성성분을 규명하기 위하여 column chromatography를 진행하였으며 2 개의 화합물 gomisin N (1)과 schizandrin (2)를 분리 동정하였다. 분리된 화합물에 대한 모유두세포 증식 활성 실험 결과, gomisin N에서 최대 20%이상의 증식 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 오미자 열매로부터 최대치의 gomisin N을 얻을 수 있는 최적추출조건을 반응표면분석(RSM)을 사용하여 확인하였다. 최적추출조건을 설정하기 위해 에탄올의 비율, 추출시간, 추출온도를 독립변수로 하여 실험한 결과, 0.95 이상의 결정계수와 0.05 이하의 p-value를 나타내어 모델의 적합성이 확인 되었다. Gomisin N의 최대함량을 위한 최적추출조건은 에탄올 비율 83.8%, 추출온도 80 ℃, 추출시간 8.7 h으로 확인되었고, 최적추출조건에서 gomisin N의 함량은 378,300 ppm으로 예측되었다. 최적추출조건에 대한 실제 검증에서 평균 376,884 ppm으로 예측된 값과 유사한 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2021

Objectives : Currently, the alopecia is one of the most emotionally stressful syndromes in human life. Human hair dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) play an essential role in controlling hair growth and in regulating hair cycle. We performed MTT assay, cell cycle, and western blot to determine the effects of essential oil from Coicis Semen (ECS) on hair growth in HDPCs. Methods : We monitored cell proliferations by MTT assay in HDPCs. After setting up the safe and effective concentration range to be treated ECS, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Also, the protein expression of hair growth-related factors such as insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Wnt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt) in HDPCs was determined by western blot. Results : As results, cell proliferation was increased in ECS group compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and minoxidil (MNXD) group. Cell number of ECS group was more decrease in sub G1 phase than cell number of DMSO group. Also, cell number of ECS group increased compared to cell number of DMSO group in G1 phase. Protein expression of ECS group was higher than protein expression of DMSO group on related hair growth factors (IGF-1, Wnt, ERK, Akt). Conclusion : As mentioned above, ECS increased cell proliferation and the protein expression of IGF-1, Wnt, ERK, and Akt. These results suggest that ECS could be used as a potential material for the treatment of alopecia by increasing the proliferation of HDPCs.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.18-32
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the safety, effects on proliferation of hair papilla cells, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. (AS) extract. Methods: Safety tests through purity testing, acute toxicity tests, and repeated toxicity tests were performed using AS extract (ASE) which had been dried for over two years. Cell culture and proliferation tests were conducted; VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), and EGF (epidermal growth factor) and protein expression analyses were performed for mechanistic evaluation; and inhibitory effects of ASE on the RNA expression of testosterone, 5𝛼-reductase, and aromatase was assessed. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ASE was confirmed by measuring the levels of nitric oxide, inflammatory mediators (TNF-𝛼 and PGE2), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1𝛽, IL-6, and IL-8), and chemokine MCP-1. Results: The safety of ASE was confirmed. The mechanism of cell proliferation in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells involved the promotion of VEGF, bFGF, and EGF expression. ASE decreased mRNA expression of testosterone, 5𝛼-reductase, and aromatase-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. PGE2 and TNF-𝛼 production by inflammatory mediators was also significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression was inhibited. Conclusions: ASE is suggested to promote papillary cell growth at the cellular level, to suppress expression of various enzymes involved in hair cycle and cell death, and to inhibit hair loss through anti-androgen, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2023

최근 세계 여러 나라에서 대마초 및 대마제품을 합법화하고 대마를 이용한 다양한 치료법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 대마에는 생물학적 효과가 아직 확립되지 않은 여러 화합물들이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 모유두 세포(HDPC)의 모발 성장에 대한 칸나비디올(CBD)의 효과를 조사하였다. 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 및 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거 분석법을 활용하여 CBD의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 모유두 세포에서 CBD의 세포생존률은 WST-1 분석법으로 측정하였다. CBD 처리에 의한 모유두 세포에서 모발 성장과 관련된 인자의 발현은 real-time PCR 및 western blot으로 측정하였다. CBD의 항산화 활성 측정결과, DPPH 및 ABTS 자유 라디칼 소거 활성의 IC50 값은 각각 15.46±0.24 μM 및 13.90±0.06 μM으로 뛰어난 활성 산소 제거능을 나타냈다. CBD 처리군은 대조군에 비해 세포 증식이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 모유두 세포에서 Real-Time PCR과 Western blotting을 통해 모발 성장 관련 인자를 측정한 결과, CBD 처리로 인하여 성장 관련 인자들이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로, 항산화 활성이 높은 CBD는 모유두 세포에서 세포 증식을 증가시키고 모발 성장 관련 인자들을 긍정적으로 조절합니다. 이러한 결과는 CBD가 탈모증에 대한 잠재적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2022

자작나무(Betula platyphylla) 수피 추출물에는 생리활성을 보일 수 있는 다수의 terpenoids 물질이 포함되어 있고 염증반응을 완화시키는 치료제로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 탈모예방 효과를 보일 수 있는 천연 물질을 확보하기 위해 자작나무를 여러 용매에서 추출 및 분리 정제하여 몇몇 분획을 획득하였다. 이를 사용하여 사람 모낭 모유두세포(HDP)에 대한 세포 독성 및 성장촉진 효과 그리고 β-catenin, VEGF, IGF1, Cyclin D의 발현변화와 5-α-reductase activity에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. Ethyl acetate를 이용하여 분리한 4개의 분획 중 H3-2 분획은 알려진 유효물질인 ETB, LPO와 동등수준의 모낭 모유두세포(HDP)에 대한 성장 촉진 효과를 보였고 성장에 관여하는 주요인자들의 발현을 높이는 효과를 보였다. 또한, 5-α-reductase activity에 ETB, LPO가 큰 영향을 보이지 못한 반면 최종분획물인 H3은 5-α-reductase activity 감소활성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1993

Apexes of basidia in Rhodophyllus muraii var. albus are divided into four sections or depressed in the center. A spore is formed by inflation of the apex of the sterigma. The apex of the sterigma is swollen and changed from a papilla through a peinsform and a club into a globeform. Six spots of globose spore are regularly or irregularly depressed with hilum axes. Finally the spores come cuboid.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2023

Malignant tumors located near the papilla of the duodenum can cause concomitant biliary and duodenal obstruction, which reduces the quality of life and increases the morbidity and mortality. Apart from traditional surgical treatment methods, various treatment methods such as endoscopic treatment and radiological interventions are used for the treatment. This study aimed to explore treatment methods according to the situation of patients with malignant biliary obstruction combined with duodenal obstruction.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.384-390
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat bran on the promotion of hair growth. When rat vibrissa follicles were treated with n-hexane fraction of wheat bran, the hair-fiber lengths of the vibrissa follicles significantly increased. Moreover, n-hexane fraction of wheat bran was found to significantly induce the telogen-anagen transition in C57BL/6 mice. The fraction increased the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in a dose dependent manner. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms in relation to proliferation of DPCs by the fraction of wheat bran, we examined the expression of cell cycle proteins and wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling components. Western blot analysis revealed that the proliferation of DPC by n-hexane fraction of wheat bran was accompanied by increased the level of cyclin D1, cyclin E, phospho-CDK2 and phospho-pRB. In addition, the fraction of wheat bran increased the level of phospho(ser552)-${\beta}$-catenin, phospho(ser675)-${\beta}$-catenin and phospho(ser9)-GSK$3{\beta}$. These results suggest that the hair growing potential of wheat bran mediated by proliferation of DPCs via the regulation of cell cycle proteins and Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling.