• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.293-304
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSE-scale) for nurses. Methods: Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity. Results: The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability. Conclusion: This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 1981

The purpose of this study was to develop a skirt pattern drafting method for korean women between the ages of $18\~24$ on the basis of their physical charcteristics which differs from those of other races in its size and figure. The study procedures and results were as follows; 1. Ten types of convantional skirt patterns were collected and compared to determine the essential measuring items for skirt construction, and to discover what problems are involved. 2. Fourteen items of KIST measurement data were analysed for correlation coefficients, to establish representative items and independent ones. 3. Front waist length and back waist length were additionally measured for supplementary data. 4. A new skirt drafting method was developed based on the results of the pattern comparison and the data analysis. 5. A sensory evaluation was applied to evaluate the new method comparing it with the most widely accepted conventional pattern. An original rating scale was developed for the evaluation and an expert panel consisting of five members judged each shell from 12 subjects by random selection. According to a statistical analysis of the result of the 17 items on the rating scale, 14 items showed significant differences (${\alpha}\leqq$0.01 or ${\alpha}\leqq$0.05) between the two, with the new pattern having better fit. The new pattern drafting method proved to be superior to the conventional one especially in the fitness at the back hip, dart length, side seam balance, and the ease for daily activities.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2005

We investigated the changes of volatile flavor components from Codonopsis lanceolata, which were packed in woven polypropylene(WP) film or low density polyethylene(LDPE) film and stored for 15 and 30 days at refrigerated($2{\∼}4^{\circ}C$ ) or room($18{\∼}20^{\circ}C$) temperature. A hundred and sixty seven volatile flavor components in the fresh C. lanceolata were identified by GC/MS analysis. When determining the flavor components from C. lanceolata cultivated on a wild hill and stored at 4 conditions for 30days, six volatile components such as 1-hexadecene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-octanol, 2-methyl-2-dodecanol, $\alpha$-guaiene, $\delta$-cadinene and trans-2-hexen-1-ol were detected as common components of all stored samples, and The types of common flavor components of C. lanceolata were different according to storage conditions. The numbers were 16 from refrigerated, 7 from room temperature stored, and 10 components from WP or LDPE packed conditions, respectively. The total peak area ratio of the major 10 compounds were $52.0{\∼}86.8\%$, and the percentage of trans-2-hexen-1-ol, which was the only common compound among the major 10 components, was the highest as $26.4{\∼}68.1\%$ The major flavor profile, describe by highly trained panel, were green, aldehydic, earthy and camphoreous. As the result from sensory evaluation, the freshness of C. lanceolata was maintained better by controlling storage temperature rather than selection of package materials. The best condition for characteristic flavor of C. lanceolata was packing with LDPE and chilling.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 저소득층 아동의 학교적응에 또래애착이 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 이들 간의 관계에서 지역아동센터 서비스 이용 경험이 매개적 역할을 하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 지역아동센터 2기 패널 4차(2017년) 자료가 분석에 사용되었으며, IBM SPSS Statistics 20 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 또래애착(또래 신뢰)은 센터 이용 경험과 학교적응에 있어 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 또래애착과 학교적응 간의 관계에서 지역아동센터 이용 경험은 부분매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 지역아동센터를 이용하고 있는 아동들에게 센터 교사와의 관계나 센터 경험의 도움 여부는 지역아동센터 이용에 대한 만족도를 넘어서 학교생활적응에도 영향을 미치는 중요한 경험이라는 점에서 지역아동센터 교사와 프로그램의 질적 수준을 높이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2019

Wet and dry aging methods were applied to improve the quality of three different beef cuts (butt, rump, and sirloin) from Hanwoo cows (quality grade 2, approximately 50-mon-old). After 28 d of wet aging (vacuum packaged; temperature, $2{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and dry aging (air velocity, 2-7 m/s; temperature, $1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$; humidity, $85{\pm}10%$), proximate composition, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force, color, nucleotides content, and sensory properties were compared with a non-aged control (2 d postmortem). Both wet and dry aging significantly increased the water holding capacity of the butt cuts. Dry aging in all beef cuts induced lower cooking loss than that in wet-aged cuts. Shear force of all beef cuts was decreased after both wet and dry aging and CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ color values in butt and sirloin cuts were higher in both wet and dry aging (p<0.05) groups than those in the non-aged control. Regardless of the aging method used, inosine-5'-monophosphate content among beef cuts was the same. The sensory panel scored significantly higher values in tenderness, flavor, and overall acceptability for dry-aged beef regardless of the beef cuts tested compared to non- and wet-aged cuts. In addition, dry-aged beef resulted in similar overall acceptability among the different beef cuts, whereas that in wet-aged meat was significantly different by different beef cuts. In conclusion, both wet and dry aging improved the quality of different beef cuts; however, dry aging was more suitable for improving the quality of less preferred beef cuts.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.265-277
• /
• 2019

Framed masonry wall structures represent a typical high-rise structural system that are also seismically vulnerable. During ground motions, they are excited in both in-plane and out-of-plane terms. The interaction between the frame and the infill during ground motion is a highly investigated phenomenon in the field of seismic engineering. This paper presents a numerical investigation of two distinct static out-of-plane loading methods for framed masonry wall models. The first and most common method is uniformly loaded infill. The load is generally induced by the airbag. The other method is similar to in-plane push-over method, involves loading of the frame directly, not the infill. Consequently, different openings with the same areas and various placements were examined. The numerical model is based on calibrated in-plane bare frame models and on calibrated wall models subjected to OoP bending. Both methods produced widely divergent results in terms of load bearing capabilities, failure modes, damage states etc. Summarily, uniform load on the panel causes more damage to the infill than to the frame; openings do influence structures behavior; three hinged arching action is developed; and greater resistance and deformations are obtained in comparison to the frame loading method. Loading the frame causes the infill to bear significantly greater damage than the infill; infill and openings only influence the behavior after reaching the peak load; infill does not influence initial stiffness; models with opening fail at same inter-storey drift ratio as the bare frame model.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.222-229
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a novel cheese tofu hybrid product by increasing the calcium content of cheese, an animal protein source, and tofu, a vegetable protein source. Both pH and moisture were lower in the cheese tofu hybrid than those values in the control group (6.03% and 72%, respectively). Protein and fat were slightly higher than in the control (15.43% and 9.91%, respectively). Total bacteria count increased at the end of the product's shelf life, but did not affect its texture. The cheese tofu hybrid displayed stronger a) red, and b) yellow coloration than the control, and its lightness (L) was lower than that of the control. The cheese tofu hybrid possessed high hardness, and displayed high values for gumminess and brittleness. Sensory evaluation by a specialized agency examined consumer preferences, purchase intentions, strengths, and weaknesses of the developed product line. A panel of 30 female volunteers in their 20s and 40s recorded an overall preference for cheese tofu of 5.40 points, fairly good. Cheese tofu was found to be better than the control tofu, with appealing differences in appearance, color, nutty aroma, chewiness, and cheese flavor.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2022

본 논문은 우리나라 기업들의 성과에 대한 기업들의 고용, 인적자원개발, 노사관행의 시행이 미치는 영향력에 대하여 분석하였다. 분석을 위한 자료는 한국노동연구원(KLI)의 2017년 7회차 사업체패널 조사로 수집된 2,868개 기업에 대한 자료를 활용하였다. 기업의 성과는 전년도 영업이익을 대상으로 하였다. 고용은 신입사원의 공개채용여부, NCS직무능력에 대한 평가여부, 핵심인력 확보 프로그램 실행여부를 포함하였다. 인적자원개발은 재직자 훈련 실시여부, 직무능력향상도 평가여부, 저성과자 관리프로그램 시행 여부, 근로자 경력계획 여부, HRD에 직무분석 활용여부로 구성하였다. 노사관행에는 육아휴직 보장, 출산휴가에 대한 보장과 보육시설 지원 여부를 포함하였다. 분석방법은 영업이익의 흑자 및 적자 기업의 두 집단에 대한 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 분석결과 기업의 성과에 대해 고용, 인적자원개발, 노사관행의 영향력을 확인할 수 있었으며, 기업 차원에서 성과를 높이기 위한 고용 및 인적자원 개발, 노사관행 관리의 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1996

This study developed a comprehensive and easily applicable nuclear reactor control system evaluation method using reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database. A proposed control panel design cycle consists of the 5 steps: (1) finding out inconvenient, erroneous, and mentally stressful factors for the proposed design through evaluative experiments, (2) drafting improved design alternatives considering detective factors found out in the step (1), (3) comparative experiements for the design alternatives, (4) selecting a best design alternative, (5) returning to the step (1) and repeating the design cycle. Reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database collected from evaluative experiments in the step (1) and comparative experiments in the step (3) of the design cycle have a key roll in finding out defective factors and yielding the criteria for selection of the proposed reactor control systems. The behavioral database was designed to include the major informations about reactor operators' control behaviors: beginning time of operations, involved displays, classification of observational behaviors, dehaviors, decisions, involved control devices, classification of control behaviors, communications, emotional status, opinions for man-machine interface, and system event log. The database for mental workload scored from various physiological variables-EEG, EOG, ECG, and respir- ation pattern-was developed to indicate the most stressful situation during reactor control operations and to give hints for defective design factors. An experimental test for the evaluation method applied to the Compact Nuclear Simulator (CNS) installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) suggested that some defective design factors of analog indicators should be improved and that automatization of power control to a target level would give relaxation to the subject operators in stressful situation.

• 의학교육논단
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.159-173
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a competency tool for new nurses and to pilot-test it with new nurses. A Delphi survey was conducted to develop a competency tool, and a self-evaluation was conducted among new nurses who pilot-tested the finally derived competencies. The Delphi survey panel consisted of 18 people, including adjunct professors at the College of Nursing, nursing managers, and nurses with master's degrees. The Delphi survey asked about the validity of the competencies constructed in two rounds. After analyzing the Delphi results with mean, standard deviation, content validity ratio, degrees of convergence, and degrees of consensus, 12 core competencies and 36 enabling competencies were finally derived. The competencies consisted of clinical judgment and management (nine items), task competence (four items), patient orientation (five items), moral value orientation (three items), cooperation (two items), supply management (two items), professional development (three items), confidence (one item), self-control (two items), flexibility (two items), influence (one item), and nurturing others (two items). The finally derived competencies were pilot-tested with 229 new nurses who had worked for 2-12 months. The self-evaluation scores of new nurses were distributed differently according to their working period. In this study, the competencies required for new nurses were identified and the corresponding enabling competencies were identified. In the future, it is expected that a competency-based education program will be prepared based on these findings, and furthermore, it will be possible to provide high-quality medical and nursing services that meet patients' needs by improving the competency of new nurses and lowering the turnover rate.