• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

In 2009-2010, unusual symptoms were observed on Pleurotus eryngii grown in mushroom farms in Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea. One of the main symptoms was a cobweb-like growth of fungal mycelia over the surface of the mushroom. The colonies on the surface rapidly overwhelmed the mushrooms and developed several spores within 3-4 days. The colonized surface turned pale brown or yellow. The fruit body eventually turned dark brown and became rancid. Koch's postulates were completed by spraying and spotting using isolated strains. The phylogenetic tree obtained from the internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis showed that the isolated fungal pathogen corresponded to Cladobotryum mycophilum (99.5%). In the fungicide sensitivity tests, the $ED_{50}$ values for the isolate with respect to benomyl and carbendazim were from 0.29 to 0.31 ppm. Benzimidazole fungicides were most effective against C. mycophilum, a causal agent of cobweb disease in P. eryngii.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2003

Dark brown Alpaca fiber was reduced in shade via selective bleaching with peroxide. Two selective oxidative bleaching methods were tested on alpaca top to assess their effectiveness for color removal and fiber quality properties. Color change, bundle strength, weight loss, fiber diameter, surface modification, dye-ability and dye wash fastness were assessed for both methods and compared with the original brown top. Bleach method 1 (BL-I) showed little surface modification, 5.8% weight loss and 2.4% strength loss. D1925 yellowness index was reduced to 74.3 from 83.1 and provided a good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. Bleach method 2 (BL-II) displayed considerable surface modification, 7.8% weight loss and 18% strength loss. BL-II also resulted in a mean diameter reduction of 1.9 micron during bleaching. Yellowness was reduced to 64.5 from 83.1 and provided a very good base for the dyeing of medium to deep shades. BL-I showed better exhaustion of the premetallised dye Lanaset Violet B than BL-II. Wash fastness for BL-II was 1 grey scale unit poorer than BL-I. BL-II showed far better color clarity at pale depths however the wash fastness of the finished product was not good enough to maintain the depth or clarity of the color. BL-I showed poorer clarity of color but exhibited better wash fastness results.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2023

A fungal strain designated KNUF-21-66Q1 was isolated from soil in Chungcheongbuk Province, Korea. Moderate growth of colonies was observed on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar (OA), malt extract agar, and cornmeal agar media at 25℃, and the detailed morphology was examined on OA medium. The colonies on OA medium were flat, had entire margin, hyaline, and yellow concentric rings in 3-4 weeks. Conidiomata were pycnidial, solitary or clustered, globose to subglobose, black-brown, and 300-500 ㎛ in diameter. Conidiogenous cells were smooth, hyaline, globose to ampulliform, and 6.0-9.0×3.0-6.0 ㎛ in size (n=15). Conidia were hyaline to pale brown, slightly golden, obovoid to slightly ellipsoidal, smooth, guttulate, and 3.0-4.7×2.1-3.3 ㎛ in size (n=100). The strain was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer regions, the partial 28S rDNA of large subunit, and β-tubulin gene sequences. The morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain KNUF-21-66Q1 was similar to the previously described Paraconiothyrium kelleni. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kelleni in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare new beer (NB) with market beers, e.g., New castle brown ale (NC), Victoria bitter (VB), and Coopers pale ale (CP) using physicochemical parameters. In addition, pattern recognition analyses were carried out using an electronic nose based on mass spectrometry (MS-E nose) and an electronic tongue (E-tongue) for differentiation of the different types of beer. The measured alcohol content of NB was 4.37%. NB was not significantly different compared with other types of beer with regard to bitterness unit, color, and polyphenol content (p<0.05). On the basis of the flavor pattern determined by the MS-E nose, NB was separated by DF1 (first score from discriminant function analysis), while NC, VB, and CP were located in the same group. The result of the E-tongue showed that the different samples could be clearly discriminated; NB was less sour. It was suggested that the discriminant function analysis (DFA) given by the MS-E nose and E-tongue could be used for evaluations during new product development. Furthermore, because of its simplicity, it might be possible to use the validated method for the evaluation of beer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1971

This paper deals mainly with the genesis and classification of the Jeonnam series. These soils have brown to dark brown silt loam and silty clay loam A horizon(strong brown or reddish brown where eroded). Argillic B horizons are dominantly red or yellowish red silty clay loam to silty clay with moderately developed subangular blocky structure and with thin clay cutans on the ped faces. The C horizons are strongly and very deeply weathered strong brown, yellowish brown, pale brown and reddish yellow silty clay loam and sandy loam granitic saprolite. Content of clay increases with depth to a maximum between 100cm. Percolating water seems to be responsible for transportation and oriented deposition of clay. Chemically, soil reaction is strongly acid to medium acid throughout the profile. The content of organic matter is 1 to 2 percent, and decreases regularly with depth. Base saturation is low, based on amount of extractable cations. Characterisltically the Jeonnam series are similar to Red-Yellow Podzolic soils of the United States and are similar to Red-Yellow soils of the Japan. In the writer's opinion the Jeonnam soils are classified as Red Yellow soils. According to USDA 7th approximation, this soil can be classified as Typic Hapludults and in the FAO/UNESCO World Soil Map as Helvic Acrisols.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-70
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• 2008

Brown leaf spots on leaves of kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa) were observed at farmers' orchards in Suncheon and Goheung, Jeonnam Province, Korea in June, 2006. They developed to form dark brown ring spots and severely infected leaves resulted in defoliation during the growing season of kiwifruit. Alternaria sp. was isolated from the diseased leaves repeatedly and was identified as Alternaria alternata on the basis of its mycological characteristics on potato dextrose agar and its pathogenicity was confirmed by wound inoculation on healthy leaves of kiwifruit. A. alternata formed gray to dark sooty gray colony and produced numerous conidia on potato dextrose agar. The conidia, commonly in long chains of 5 or more produced on conidiophores, have $3{\sim}5$ transverse and $1{\sim}2$ longitudinal septa and mostly ovoid or obclavate in shape and were pale brown golden brown in color. The condia were $16.5{\sim}42.1{\times}6.7{\sim}19.5\;{\mu}m$ in size and conidiophores were $8.6{\sim}112.7\;{\mu}m$ in length. This is the first report on the brown ring spot on leaves of kiwifruit caused by A. alternata in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.305-307
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• 2001

In March 2000, gray mold was found on day lily (Hemerocallis fulva L.) in Korea. Among the symptoms observed was blight or early rot with chlorotic halo of the leaves. All the isolates obtained from the lesions of the diseased plant parts were identified as Botrytis elliptica, based on the morphological characteristics of conidia. Conidia that formed on conidiogenous cells were not in chains, hyaline to pale brown, unicellular, ellipsoidal to obovate with a single hilum at the base, entirely verruculose, and 21-31 x 12-$23\mu\textrm{m}$ in size. Pathogenicity of the fungus was established by artificial inoculation on day lily plants. This is the first record of gray mold on day lily caused by B. elliptica in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.270-274
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• 2000

A seven-year-old female Jindo-dog was presented with a history of progressive abdominal distension. Except for severe bilateral abdominal swelling, other abnormal signs were not detected. The patient showed normal appetite and defecation. In the radiographic examination, the abdomen was filled with large masses. Suspected a certain neoplastic disease, laparotomy was taken through the cranial abdominal midline. Large pale-yellow masses were proliferated to fill the abdomen. In the masses, grey-brown or black portion presumed hemorrhagic or necrotic spots were found. Even though neoplastic tissues were not detected in the right kidney, they were infiltrated in the left kidney except for a part of the cortex. Obtaining the owner's consent, the patient was euthanized and samples were collecte for further study. In microscopic examination, the parenchyma of the medulla was substituted with tumor cells and the cortex was impressed by the expansive proliferation of the neoplastic tissues. This neoplasm was estimated as renal carcinoma originated from tubular epithelium, being based upon that tumor cells were largely cuboidal cells and they had obscure tubular forms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1102-1106
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• 1992

A 66-year-old male patient was admitted due to chest pain and dyspnea of 1 year duration, He had history of treatment for tuberculosis and pleurisy, about 40 years ago. At another hospital the patient underwnt closed thoracostomy drainage for six months, and thereafter the symptom gradually aggrevated. Under the diagnosis of chronic tuberculous empyema, decortication was performed. The peel attached to the posterolateral aspect of chest wall, there was an area of soft tissues with pale-brown discoloration, extending to intercostal muscles, but sparing overlying muscles. The biopsy specimen of the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as diffuse, large T-cell non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma. A review of the literature showed that malignant lymphoma of this type have been reported exclusively from Japan but never from other countries including Korea. After 1 year of followup period, the patient is well and stable.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.227-229
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• 2001

A gray mold disease occurred on Cryptotaenia japonica in Korea. All the isolates of Botrytis sp. from the lesions of the diseased plants were identified to be B. cinerea based on the morphological characteristics. Conidia formed on conidiogenous cells were not in chains, hyaline to pale brown, unicellular, ellipsoidal to obovate with a single hilum at the base, entirely verruculose, and $6.3-11.3{\sim}6.3-10.0{\mu}m$ in size. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by artificial inoculation on C. japonica. This is the first record of gray mold on C. japonica caused by B. cinerea in Korea.