• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.5 s.86
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• pp.349-359
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• 2005

In this study, we focused on the geographical and the meterological conditions, the atmospheric examination, the soil contents and compositions in order to establish cultural properties conservation plan in Gyeongju and its surroundings. Also, the transport route with environmental contaminants in Ulsan and Pohang was examined. The results could be summarized as follows ; Air pollutant and environmental contaminant was transported by two types of winds. One is induced by local winds, the other is induced by synoptic winds. Air contaminant transported from coastal regions to inland regions were associated with wind velocity. Gyeongju had good atmospheric conditions, i.e. $SO_2\;0.009{\sim}0.011ppm,\;CO\;0.6{\sim}0.8ppm,\;NO_2\;0.015{\sim}0.020ppm,\;O_3\;0.017{\sim}0.032ppm,\;PM_{10}\;46{\sim}62{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;Pb\;0.034{\sim}0.060{\mu}g/m^3$, which was below environmental air qualify standards and was little lower than those of Pohang and Ulsan. However, Ulsan and Pohang city are located on south-east coast and have many industrial facilities. Hence, air pollution problems become serious issues in Ulsan, Pohang, Busan, Daegu and other cities due to the emission of air pollutants from the various industrial facilities, incinerator and power plants, etc. The soil of Gyeongju had heavy metals conditions, i.e. $Cd\;0.01{\sim}0.08mg/kg,\;Cu\;N.D{\sim}2.39mg/kg,\;As\;N.D{\sim}0.07mg/kg,\;Hg\;N.D{\sim}0.15mg/kg,\;Pb\;0.49{\sim}1.39mg/kg,\;Cr^{+6}\;0.02{\sim}0.42mg/kg,\;Fe\;0.74{\sim}1.55mg/kg,\;Mn\;0.11{\sim}0.49mg/kg\;and\;Zn\;1.11{\sim}3.56mg/kg$. However, pH value of soil had range of $4.12{\sim}7.45$. The results showed that high pH concentration of soil could occur due to air pollution diffusion and environmental contaminant transport at Ulsan and Pohang city.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7207-7211
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (pENL) patients, focusing on treatment and survival outcome. Materials and Methods: Between October 2003 and March 2012, 802 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were diagnosed and treated in two different cancer centers of Southern Turkey. Results: pENL, constituted 12.4% (100/802) of all NHL studied during this period. Median age of the patients was 56 years (range 17-87 years) and the male: female distribution was 3:2. Eighty-five of 100 patients (85%) were in stage I/II, 9/100 (9%) in stage III, whereas 6/100 (6%) were in stage IV. Head and neck constituted the most common site (51/100, 51%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (GIL) (37/100, 37%), and cerebrum (CL) (5/100, 5%). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histological type, observed in 53% of patients, followed by marginal zone extranodal lymphoma (13%). Most of patients (76%) received a CHOP containing regimen. Complete remission (CR) were achieved in 71% of patients. The median follow-up duration of all patients was reported as 37.6 months (range, 0.8-165 months). This period was reported as 137.5 months (range, 117.5-1578.6 months) in gastrointestinal lymphoma (GIL) patients, 119.0 months (range, 91.8-146.1 months) in head and neck lymphoma (HNL) patients, and 18.4 months (range, 12.6-24.1 months) in cerebral lymphoma (CL) patients. Conclusions: Head and neck, and the gastrointestinal tract were the two most common extranodal sites observed. Histologically DLBC accounted for the majority of cases. Most patients were on earlier stages, had low-low intermediate IPI scores and had a favorable prognosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1997

Steroid induced bone loss is a serious problem in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome especially in growing children. In order to evaluate whether $1-(OH)D_3$ (IL Sung Pharma.Co.) is effective in preventing steroid induced bone loss, we gave $0.5{\mu}g$ of $1-(OH)D_3$ for one year to forty patients with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome, receiving longterm prednisolone therapy (mean duration $50.12{\pm}29.40$ months). We checked the following markers before and after $1-(OH)D_3$ therapy. i.e. bone mineral density(BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) at the 2nd to 4th lumbar spine, serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone(PTH), osteocalcin and urine pyridinoline(U-PYD). BMD($g/cm^2$) was increased even steroid therapy from $0.71{\pm}0.0\;to\;0.73{\pm}0.0$ (p<0.05). Lumbar spine BMD is a sensitive marker for evaluating steroid induced bone loss in children receiving longterm corticosteroid therapy and that $1-(OH)D_3$ appears to be effective in treating and preventing steroid induced bone loss.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 1997

This investigation was conducted to provide information for characteristics of environmental pollution by the heavy metals from the abandoned gold mine in order to characterize the distribution patterns and environmental damages of the contaminants to the surrounding environment. Through analysis of CN, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Hg in a mine tailings, paddy soils, and stream sediments, the physico-chemical properties of the mine tailings and paddy soils were measured. The pH's were 5.4, 8.4 for the paddy soil and mine tailing, respectively. The maximum contents of CN, Pb, Cd, and As the in mine tailing were 99.98, 1,752.72, 31.88, and 298.50 mg/kg, respectively. The amounts of these ions were higher than the standard level of industrial area in Korea. The average content of CN and heavy metals in the paddy soils were higher than the background level of heavy metals in the unpolluted paddy soils around the mine. Especially, the contents of heavy metals in the paddy soils along the adjacent stream were higher compared to the paddy soil that was not influenced by the mine tailings. The contents of CN and heavy metals in the stream sediment close to the mine area were similar to those of the mine tailings, but decreased along the distance of the stream farther away from the tailings that was the source of these pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 1998

This study deals with sinking resistance for purse seine, in the case of different d/l, ratio of twine diameter and leg length. Experiments carried out on the six types simplified reduced model seines which were made of knotless netting. The nettings were woven in different leg length 4.3, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.6 and 7.7mm of polyester 28 tex two threads two -ply twine, and each of the seines were named I, II, III, IV, V and Ⅵ seine. Dimension of seine models were 450cm for corkline and 85cm for seine depth, each seines rigged up 160g of float for a floatline and 50g (underwater weight) of lead for a leadline. Experiments were measured in the observation channel of a flume tank at the static conditions Sinking motion was recorded by the two sets TV-camera for VTR which were placed in top and side of the model seine, and reading coordinate carried out by the video digitization system. An analysis were calculated out by simultaneous differential equations for numerical method by Runge - Kutta - Gill sub - routine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average sinking speed of seine of seine margin was fastest for Ⅵ seine followed by V, IV, III, II and I seines. 2. The coefficient of resistance for a seine wall was depended upon the ratio of d/l : KD =0.081 (d/l )-0.5 3. The coefficient of resistance for netting bundle was not depended upon the ratio of d/l :CR = 0.91 (), d : Twine diameter, l : Leg length, : Density of netting materals, $\omega$ : Density of water

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.244-251
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine fracture resistance and failure modes of three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of lithium disilicate pressed on zirconia (LZ), monolithic lithium disilicate (ML), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Co-Cr alloy three-unit metal FDPs model with maxillary first premolar and first molar abutments was fabricated. Three different FDPs groups, LZ, ML, and MZ, were prepared (n = 5 per group). The three-unit FDPs designs were identical for all specimens and cemented with resin cement on the prepared metal model. The region of pontic in FDPs was given 50,000 times of cyclic preloading at 2 Hz via dental chewing simulator and received a static load until fracture with universal testing machine fixed at $10^{\circ}$. The fracture resistance and mode of failure were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni's correction (${\alpha}=0.05/3=0.017$). RESULTS. A significant difference in fracture resistance was found between LZ ($4943.87{\pm}1243.70N$) and ML ($2872.61{\pm}658.78N$) groups, as well as between ML and MZ ($4948.02{\pm}974.51N$) groups (P<.05), but no significant difference was found between LZ and MZ groups (P>.05). With regard to fracture pattern, there were three cases of veneer chipping and two interfacial fractures in LZ group, and complete fracture was observed in all the specimens of ML and MZ groups. CONCLUSION. Compared to monolithic lithium disilicate FDPs, monolithic zirconia FDPs and lithium disilicate glass ceramics pressed on zirconia-based FDPs showed superior fracture resistance while they manifested comparable fracture resistances.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.825-830
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression in predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Clinicopathological factors and expression of PDCD4 were evaluated in 92 patients with LARC treated with nCRT. After the completion of therapy, 4 cases achieved clinical complete response (cCR), and thus the remaining 88 patients underwent a standardized total mesorectal excision procedure. There were 38 patients (41.3%) with a good response (TRG 3-4) and 54 (58.7%) with a poor one (TRG 0-2). Results: Immunohistochemical staining analyses showed that patients with high expression of PDCD4 were more sensitive to nCRT than those with low PDCD4 expression (P=0.02). High PDCD4 expression before nCRT and good response (TRG3-4) were significantly associated with improved 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the pretreatment PDCD4 expression was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that high expression of PDCD4 protein is a useful predictive factor for good tumor response to nCRT and good outcomes in patients with LARC.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.163-185
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop the model of constructivist multimedia-assisted instruction(CMAI) and to analyze the effect of it in the secondary school geography. The main results are as follows : (1) The conceptual model of CMAI can be defined as an instruction aiming at making a person who has self-directed learning ability through constructivism and multimedia. The procedural model of CMAI based on PIDA instructional strategy is divided into four stages : prediction & explanation, inquiry activity, discussion & fixation, application & synthesis stage. (2) CMAI is typed by offline CMAI and online CMAI. that is, O/WCMAI(online CMAI by web-based courseware). Offline CMAI is subdivided into P/TCMAI(offline CMAI by presentation-based courseware) and C/RCMAI(offline CMAI by cd-rom based courseware) according to authoring tool and function. (3) Offline constructivist multimedia course-ware(offline courseware) was developed for 2 periods as the material to analyze the effect of CMAI. Offline courseware is received development level of it. (4) After offline courseware being applied to the class, the effect of it according the types of the CMAI instruction(lecture instruction, whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning) was analyzed. As the result of analyzing the descriptive statistics of the level of learning achievement and instruction response, there isn't big relationship between them. As the result of analyzing the inferential statistics of the level of learning achievement, there wasn't significant difference between the types of CMAI instruction in whole student of the classes and certain students who improved their grades. But as the result of analyzing of the level of instruction response, there was significant difference between lecture instruction and other types of the CMAI instruction(whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.159-167
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• 1995

The relationship between palpable ovarian structure and milk progesterone levels were determined in 144 dairy cows. Depending on the ovarian structure and diseases were divided into two groups, Group I (absence of functional luteal tissue in ovary and <2ng/ml in milk progesterone levels) and Group II(presence of functional luteal tissue in ovary and ${\geq}2ng/ml$ in milk progesterone levels) 1. Among 69 cows of group I, dysfunction of ovary, atropy of ovary, follicle is ovary, follicular cyst and corpus luteum albicans were 17(11.8%), 19(13.2%), 14(9.7%), 3(2.1%) and 16 cows(11.1%), and among 75 cows of group II, corpus luteum A, B and C were 16(11.1%), 17(11.8%) and 42 cows(29.2%), respectively. 2. In Group I, milk progesterone concentrations were <1ng/ml in 55 cows(79.9%). Conversely in Ggroup II, milk progesterone concentrations were ${\geq}4ng/ml$ in 55 cows(73.3%). 3. The mean(${\pm}SE$) concentrations of milk progestsrone in the Group I and II were $1.62{\pm}0.45$ and $7.64{\pm}0.68ng/ml$, respectively, and CR test showed the difference in milk progesterone concentrations between the two groups to be statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The mean(${\pm}SE$) concentration of milk progesterone in cows with corpus luteum A, B and C were $8.11{\pm}1.83$, $8.48{\pm}1.30$ and $7.12{\pm}0.82ng/ml$, respectively, there was no significant relationship between palpable corpora luteum structure and milk progesterone concentration. 5. The accuracy of ovarian diagnosis was 82.6 and 20.2% in the Group I and II, respectively, and Chi-square test showed the difference in accuracy between the two groups to be statistically significant (p<0.001). 6. The agreement between the rectal palpation and milk progesterone concentrations in ovarian disease was 50%.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 1999

In this study, to evaluate newly developed Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine candidate CJ50003, we assessed its immunogenicity along with a previously commercialized inactivated JE Biken vaccine. The CR0003 viral antigens produced in Vero cells were administered suhcutaneouly to mice either with alum-adjuvanled or free form. The ELISA titers and neutralizing (NEUV antibody titers accounting for major protective immunity in JE were determined. Mice given alum-adjuvanted vaccine had a 10 times higher antigen-specific NEUT antibody response than did those which {lad received free antigens. This NEUT antibody response was maintained until day 168 with NEUT titer more than 1:160. Even with the 0.5 ng of alum-adjuvanted antigen dose, NEUT titer was induced more than 1:10 which is considered as an evidence for seroconversion and protection. Thc mice immune sera had a similar rate of cross-reactivity against three different viral antigens, Nakayama-NlH, P3 and SA14; as determined by ELISA assay. In a mice challenge model, vaccination with the GI50003 conferred more protection than with commercialized Biken vaccine against Nakayama virus. These data demonstrated that CJ50003 vaccine candidate has an excellent prophylactic efficacy and implicated it has a strong potential for further development and commercialization.