• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

This study has investigated the effect of dietary attitudes on nutritional status of nurses living in Kyungnam province. A total of 249 muses working at hospitals in the Kyungnam area participated in this study. The general characteristics and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using one day 24-hour recall method from November 14 to December 20, in 2001. The data of nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The subjects were classified as the high score group (17.3 %), medium score group (54.2%), and low score group (28.5%) based on dietary attitude score. The results were as follows: Average age of subjects was 27.1 years old, average nursingexperience was 5.7 years, and 70.7% of the subjects graduated from a junior college. The rate of shift work (45.4%) and non-shift work (54.6%) were similar. The average score on dietary attitudes in thehigh score group was 78.8, and those in he medium score group and in the low score group were 58.6 and 40.8 out of 100 points respectively. The average intake of energy (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.05), animal protein (p < 0.01), animal fat (p < 0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.0l), niacin (p < 0.001), Ca (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), animal Fe (p < 0.01), P (p < 0.001), and crude fiber (p < 0.00l), were significantly higher in the high score group than those in the medium score group and low score group. In the high score group, the average intake of protein, vitamin $B_1$, niacin, vitamin C and P were above 125% of the Korean RDA, and in medium score group, those of vitamin C and P, and in low score group, that of vitamin C were above 125% of the Korean RDA. In the high score group, nutrient of intake below 75% of the Korean RDA was Ca, and those in medium score group were vitamin $B_2$, Ca, and Fe, and those in low score group were energy, vitamin $B_2$, Ca and Fe. The intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalanceof 1:2, and that of animal protein/plant protein, and that of animal fat/plant fat were high (1.45-1.64) in all group;. The dietary attitude had a positive correlation (p < 0.00l) with nutrition intake except vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.157-162
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• 2009

An agar-liquefying bacteria (SC-22), which produces a diffusible agarase that caused agar softening around the colony was isolated from Daecheong lake in Korea. Chemotaxanomic and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the strain was classified as Cellvibrio mixtus SC-22. The isolate SC-22 showed maximal extracellular agarase activity with 58.5 U/mL after 48 h cultivation in the presence of 0.2% agar. It was observed that the isolate produced two kinds of extracellular and three kinds of intracellular isoenzymes. The major agarase was purified from the culture filtrate of agarolytic bacteria by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and gel filtration column chromatographic methods. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 25 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were pH 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The agarase activity was activated by $Fe^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ ions while it was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ at 1 mM concentration. The predominant hydrolysis product of agarose by the enzyme was galactose and disaccharide on TLC, indicating the cleavage of $\beta$-1,4 linkage in a random manner. The enzyme showed high substrate specificity for only agar and agarose among various polysaccharides.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1383-1390
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• 2019

In this study, we expressed cotA laccase from Bacillus subtilis on the surface of B. subtilis spores for efficient decolorization of synthetic dyes. The cotE, cotG, and cotY genes were used as anchoring motifs for efficient spore surface display of cotA laccase. Moreover, a $His_6$ tag was inserted at the C-terminal end of cotA for the immunological detection of the expressed fusion protein. Appropriate expression of the CotE-CotA (74 kDa), CotG-CotA (76 kDa), and CotY-CotA (73 kDa) fusion proteins was confirmed by western blot. We verified the surface expression of each fusion protein on B. subtilis spore by flow cytometry. The decoloration rates of Acid Green 25 (anthraquinone dye) for the recombinant DB104 (pSDJH-EA), DB104 (pSDJH-GA), DB104 (pSDJH-YA), and the control DB104 spores were 48.75%, 16.12%, 21.10%, and 9.96%, respectively. DB104 (pSDJH-EA) showed the highest decolorization of Acid Green 25 and was subsequently tested on other synthetic dyes with different structures. The decolorization rates of the DB104 (pSDJH-EA) spore for Acid Red 18 (azo dye) and indigo carmine (indigo dye) were 18.58% and 43.20%, respectively. The optimum temperature for the decolorization of Acid Green 25 by the DB104 (pSDJH-EA) spore was found to be $50^{\circ}C$. Upon treatment with known laccase inhibitors, including EDTA, SDS, and $NaN_3$, the decolorization rate of Acid Green 25 by the DB104 (pSDJH-EA) spore decreased by 23%, 80%, and 36%, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.709-714
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• 2020

Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) of mosquitoes confer resistance to insecticides. Although insecticide resistance has been suspected to be widespread in the natural population of Aedes aegypti in Myanmar, only limited information is currently available. The overall prevalence and distribution of kdr mutations was analyzed in Ae. aegypti from Mandalay areas, Myanmar. Sequence analysis of the VGSC in Ae. aegypti from Myanmar revealed amino acid mutations at 13 and 11 positions in domains II and III of VGSC, respectively. High frequencies of S989P (68.6%), V1016G (73.5%), and F1534C (40.1%) were found in domains II and III. T1520I was also found, but the frequency was low (8.1%). The frequency of S989P/V1016G was high (55.0%), and the frequencies of V1016G/F1534C and S989P/V1016G/F1534C were also high at 30.1% and 23.5%, respectively. Novel mutations in domain II (L963Q, M976I, V977A, M994T, L995F, V996M/A, D998N, V999A, N1013D, and F1020S) and domain III (K1514R, Y1523H, V1529A, F1534L, F1537S, V1546A, F1551S, G1581D, and K1584R) were also identified. These results collectively suggest that high frequencies of kdr mutations were identified in Myanmar Ae. aegypti, indicating a high level of insecticide resistance.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.117-123
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• 2021

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of wogonin on the production of hydrogen peroxide in polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)-stimulated TM4 mouse sertoli cells. Methods : TM4 were treated with poly I:C (50 ug/mL) and wogonin at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM for 30 min, 2 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, and 24 hr. The production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay. Results : For 30 min, 2 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, and 24 hr treatment, wogonin significantly inhibited intracellular hydrogen peroxide productions of TM4 at the concentration of 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM (p<0.05). In details, production of hydrogen peroxide in poly I:C-stimulated TM4 treated for 30 min with wogonin at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM was 95.67%, 92.69%, 92.05%, and 91.97% of the control group treated with poly I:C only, respectively; the production of hydrogen peroxide for 2 hr was 94.44%, 94.41%, 93%, and 92.98%, respectively; production of hydrogen peroxide for 12 hr was 96.78%, 95.32%, 94.33%, and 93.17%, respectively; production of hydrogen peroxide for 18 hr was 94.7%, 93.4%, 93.38%, and 93.35%, respectively; and production of hydrogen peroxide for 24 hr was 95.75%, 94.77%, 94.58%, and 92.8%, respectively. Conclusions : Wogonin might have anti-viral property related with its inhibition of intracellular hydrogen peroxide production in poly I:C-stimulated TM4 cells.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.396-402
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality changes of retort pouched seasoned-conger eel products during a 60 day of storage at 4, 15 and -20$^{\circ}C$. The seasoned-conger eel products was sterilized at either 100 or 121$^{\circ}C$ for 90min., and then vacuum packed in plastic film bags. When comparing their duality before and after sterilization, the pH and VBN of all the products slightly decreased, while the TBA values slightly increased after sterilization. The color value, b, of the product decreased after sterilization, while the L value rarely changed. During storage the pH and VBN of all the products were little changed at the storage temperatures of 15 and -20$^{\circ}C$. The TBA values increased after 30 and 60 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, and at 4 and -20$^{\circ}C$, respectively. As for color difference during storage, the L and a values were little changed during storage, while the b value increased. In conclusion, the quality of the retort pouched seasoned-conger eel products remained good during the 60 day storage period when chilled and frozen after sterilization, and could be consumed as an instant food, keeping an appropriate content and soft texture.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1998

The feasibility of algae as means of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary treated swine wastewater was studied. Among the tested 7 species of Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 265), Chlorella sp. GE 21, Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572), Botryococcus sp. GE 24, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Phormidium sp. GE 2, and Spirulina maxima (UTEX 2342), C. vulgaris was selected for its fast growth and abilities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus and to produce algal biomass from swine wastewater. C. vulgaris grew well at 35$^{\circ}C$, and the optimum initial pH for growth was 8.0. In the effect of light intensity, the growth of C. vulgaris was limited under a light intensity of less than 40 ${\mu}$E/$m^2$/s. The secondary treated swine wastewater contained 58.7 mg/l of total nitrogen and 14.7 mg/l of total phosphorus, and was diluted to 75, 50, and 25% with groundwater to be treated. Nitrogen and phosphorus were removed by C. vulgaris in all diluted swine wastewaters among which the most effective removal was in 75% swine wastewater (swine wastewater:groundwater=3:1). There was a tendency of linear increase in nitrogen and phosphorus removal time with increasing concentration of swine wastewater. Under the optimized culture condition, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were effectively removed to 95.3% and 96.0%, respectively, in 25% swine wastewater after 4-day incubation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2013

A facultative bacterium producing cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes was isolated from the rumen of a native Korean goat. The bacterium was identified as a Bacillus licheniformis on the basis of biochemical and morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences, and has been designated Bacillus licheniformis JK7. Endoglucanase activities were higher than those of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and xylanase at all temperatures. Xylanase had the lowest activity among the three enzymes examined. The optimum temperature for the enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis JK7 was $70^{\circ}C$ for endoglucanase (0.75 U/ml) and $50^{\circ}C$ for ${\beta}$-glucosidase and xylanase (0.63 U/ml, 0.44 U/ml, respectively). All three enzymes were stable at a temperature range of 20 to $50^{\circ}C$. At $50^{\circ}C$, endoglucanse, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and xylanase had 90.29, 94.80, and 88.69% residual activity, respectively. The optimal pH for the three enzymes was 5.0, at which their activity was 1.46, 1.10, and 1.08 U/ml, respectively. The activity of all three enzymes was stable in the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. Endoglucanase activity was increased 113% by $K^+$, while $K^+$, $Zn^+$, and tween 20 enhanced ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Xylanase showed considerable activity even in presence of selected chemical additives, with the exception of $Mn^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The broad range of optimum temperatures (20 to $40^{\circ}C$) and the stability under acidic pH (4 to 6) suggest that the cellulolytic enzymes of Bacillus licheniformis JK7 may be good candidates for use in the biofuel industry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2003

The purification and characteristics of the biosynthesis enzyme of vitamin C from microorganisms related with kimchi fermentation were investigated to define vitamin C biosynthetic pathways in yeast. A yeast strain (Pichia onychis 16-4) which synthesizes vitamin C with galacturonic acid as substrate at high rate was isolated from kimchi. The enzyme $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ oxidase isolated from the yeast was purified and characterized. The specific activity of the crude enzyme was 7.26 unit/mg protein, which increased to 4,698 unit/mg protein with a chromatography of Sephacryl S-200HR; indicating a 647.1-fold level of purification. The molecular weights of the dissociated enzymes were estimated to be 31,000, 39,000, and 50,000 KD. Among the substrates tested, $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ was the most effective. The enzyme showed optimum activity ah pH 7.8 and 35c. The purified enzyme uses $O_2$ as the electron acceptor for oxidation of $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 1998

The influence of temperature on the rate of egg production and embryonic development of Microcotyle sebastis was investigated to determine the precise time of a second treatment. The survival time of the adults of M. sebastis was inversely proportional to temperature. The number of laid eggs per each replicate during the first 24 h was $39.3{\pm}4.0$ at $10^{\circ}C$, $62.7{\pm}14.2$ at $15^{\circ}C$, $101.0{\pm}5.6$ at $20^{\circ}C$ and $89.0{\pm}11.0$ at $25^{\circ}C$. The time required for egg hatching of M. sebastis was $31.30{\pm}4.88$, $17.52{\pm}3.24$, $11.59{\pm}3.02$ and $10.76{\pm}3.10$ days at 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. The regression models of the time required for the beginning and 50% point of hatching according to the different temperatures were as follows; Beginning of hatch: D=58.2000-$4.2067{\times}Temp+0.0867{\times}(Temp)^2$ ($P\leq0.01$), 50% of hatch: D=91.3833-$7.5767{\times}Temp+0.1767{\times}(Temp)^2$ ($P\leq0.01$).