• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1987

In this work we have investigated temperature dependence of spin-rotational relaxation rate, $(1/T_1)_{SR}$, of methyl carbon-13's in 2-bromo-p-xylene, 2,5-dimethylaniline, and 2,5-dimethylanisole and have found that temperature behaviors of two methyl carbon-13's in ortho- and meta-position, respectively, are substantially different. It has been confirmed that the modified Burke-Chan model proposed by Park et al. can nicely explain different temperature dependence of $(1/T_1)_{SR}$ for these two methyl carbon-13's while the original Burke-Chan model fails to do so.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2019

In this work, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which every solution of a class of first-order neutral differential equations of the form $$(x(t)+p(t)x({\tau}(t)))^{\prime}+q(t)Hx({\sigma}(t)))=0$$ either oscillates or converges to zero as $t{\rightarrow}{\infty}$ for various ranges of the neutral coefficient p. Our main tools are the Knaster-Tarski fixed point theorem and the Banach's contraction mapping principle.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1546-1549
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• 2018

We have investigated core-levels of ZnO thin films at the interface with the graphene on Cu foil using in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Spectral evolution of C 1s, Zn 2p, and O 1s are observed in real time during RF sputtering deposition. We found binding energy (BE) shifts of Zn 2p and 'Zn-O' state of O 1s depending on ZnO film thickness. Core-levels BE shifts of ZnO will be discussed on the basis of electron transfer at the interface and it may have an important role in the electronic transport property of the ZnO/graphene-based electronic device.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1431-1436
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• 2018

We study the scaling of the price fluctuation in the Korean housing market. From the numerical analysis, we show that the normalized return distribution of the housing price, P(r), has a fat-tail and is well approximated by a power-law, $P(r){\sim}r^{-({\alpha}+1)}$, with ${\alpha}{\simeq}3$ for the whole data set. However, if we divide the data into groups based on the trading patterns, then the value of ${\alpha}$ for positive tail and negative tail can be different depending on the trading patterns. We also find that the autocorrelation function of the housing price decays much slower than that of the stock exchange markets, which shows a unique feature of the housing market distinguished from the other financial systems.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권12호
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• pp.1867-1872
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• 2018

This study proposes a route for surface modification for p-type cobalt oxide-based gas sensors. We deposit a thin layer of Ni on the Co oxide film by sputtering process and annealed at $350^{\circ}C$ for 15 min in air, which changes a typical sputtered film surface into one interlaced with a high density of hemispherical nanoparticles. Our in-depth materials characterization using transmission electron microscopy discloses that the microstructure evolution is the result of an extensive inter-diffusion of Co and Ni, and that the nanoparticles are nickel oxide dissolving some Co. Sensor performance measurement unfolds that the surface modification results in a significant sensitivity enhancement, nearly 200% increase for toluene (at $250^{\circ}C$) and CO (at $200^{\circ}C$) gases in comparison with the undoped samples.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.332-343
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• 1998

목적 : 폐 FDG PET 동적영상을 분석하는 다양한 분석 방법을 개발하고 표준섭취계수, 패트랙 도표 분석법, 3구획 추적자 역학 모형(5매개변수 모형, 6매개변수 2관심영역 모형)으로 얻은 매개변수 값을 서로 비교, 분석하여 각 분석 방법들의 종양 진단 정확성과 유용성에 대해 고찰하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 22명의 폐종양 환자(9명: 양성 종양 환자(과오종: 1, 활동성 염증: 8), 13명: 악성 종양 환자(기관지 세포암: 5 포함))에게 약 370 MBq (10 mCi)의 FDG를 정맥 주사한 후, GE Advance 양전자방출단층촬영장치를 이용하여 56분 동안 PET 동적영상을 얻은 후, 감쇠보정하여 횡단면 영상을 얻었다. 환자의 몸무게와 혈장 포도당 농도로 규격화된 SUVglu를 계산하였으며, 패트랙 도표 분석법과 3구획 5매개변수 모형과 3구획 6매개변수 2관심영역 모형을 이용하여 FDG 섭취상수($K_{pat},\;K_{5p},\;K_{6p}$)와 당대사율($MR_{pat},\;MR_{5p},\;MR_{6p}$)을 구하였다. 다양한 분석 방법들로 얻은 매개변수들을 수신자판단특성곡선으로 분석하였으며 곡선 아래 면적을 구하였다. 결과: 다양한 분석방법으로 측정한 악성과 양성 병변의 섭취상수와 당대사율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 각 방법으로 구한 수신자판단특성곡선 아래 면적은 다음과 같다: $SUVglu:\;0.73,\;K_{pat}:\;0.66,\;MR_{pat}:\;0.77,\;K_{5p}:\;0.71,\;MR_{5p},\;0.73,\;K_{6p}:\;0.70,\;MR_{6p}:\;0.78.\;K_{pat} $와 $MR_{pat}$의 곡선 아래 면적은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론: FDG PET 동적영상을 이용한 다양한 추적자 역학 분석 방법을 사용자가 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 표준섭취계수, 패트랙 도표 분석법, 3 구획 모형 분석법 둥에 의한 정략적 매개변수의 정확성은 유사헌 것으로 관찰되었다. 추적자 역학 분석 방법으로 얻어진 정량적 매개변수는 객관적 수치정보를 제공하므로써 FDG PET의 유용성을 증가시킬것으로 기대되며, 정량적 매개변수의 임상적 유용성을 밝히기 위해서는 활동성 염증, 과오종이나 기관지 세포암 확률이 낮은 환자군을 대상으로 한 추가 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2015

As an approach to search for chemopreventive agents, we tested p-coumaric acid, 3-methoxy-p-coumaric acid (ferulic acid), and 3,5-dimethoxy-p-coumaric acid (sinapic acid) in B16/F10 melanoma cells. Intracellular melanin contents were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and cytotoxicity of the compounds were examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. p-Coumaric acid showed inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, but ferulic acid increased melanin content, and sinapic acid had almost no effect on melanogenesis. Treatment with ferulic acid resulted in a 2 to 3 fold elevation in the production of melanin. Correlatively, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with ferulic acid. However, ferulic acid did not affect the LDH release from the cells. Treatment with sinapic acid resulted in a 50~60% elevation in the release of LDH when treated with a $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration and showed neither cytostasis nor increase of melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, p-coumaric acid inhibits melanogenesis, ferulic acid induces melanogenesis, and sinapic acid exerts cytotoxic effects in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. The results indicate that the addition of methoxy groups to p-coumaric acid shows the melanogenic or cytotoxic effects in melanoma cells compared to the original compound. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility that methoxylated p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid can be used as a chemopreventive agent.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1996

교반소요동력은 장치의 설계상 중요할 뿐만 아니라 교반 프로세스를 평가, 검토하는 데 매우 중요하다. 특히 실험실 레벨에서 플랜트로의 스케일업은 주로 동력기준으로 행해지기 때문에 장치형상의 선택과 동력의 설정이 교반효과를 결정한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 난류역 완전방해판 조건하에서 경사 임펠러 및 2단 패들 임펠러의 적절한 동력상관식을 제시한다. $$Np_{(pitch)}=({\theta}/90^{\circ})Np_{(90^{\circ})}$$ 또한 임펠러 사이의 거리에 따른 동력수의 추산식을 제시한다. $$Np=7.09(n_p)^{0.7}(\frac{b_(double)}{d})(\frac{H}{D})^{0.18}$$, $${n_p}^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}d)$$<2 $$Np=8.73\{(n_p)^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}{d})\}^{0.7}(\frac{H}{D})^{0.18}$$, $${n_p}^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}d)$$>2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5247-5250
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• 2016

Objective: Endometriosis, one of the most common estrogen dependent gynecological disorders, can present as both benign and malignant disease. The prevalence of tumoral transformation is 0.7-1.6% and the most common tumors are clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of transformation is unknown. For this purpose, we examined molecular alterations in ovarian endometriosis and endometriosis-associated tumors. Methods: Using the data bank of Alzahra hospital pathology department and paraffin blocks from appropriate cases were identified. Sections were cut and stained for 3 markers: estrogen receptor, P53 and bcl2. Correlations between findings were investigated. Results: Nineteen cases of endometriosis-associated tumor and 19 cases of endometriosis were identified. Staining for bcl2 was documented in 14 of 19 (73.7%) of endometriosis-associated tumor cases and also 7 of 19 (36.8%) endometriosis cases (P=0.02). Only 3 of the 19 (15.8%) endometriosis-associated tumors exhibited positive staining for estrogen receptors, compared with 14 of 19 (73.7%) endometriosis cases (P<0.001). Positive staining for P53 was noted in 5 of 19 (31.6%) endometriosis-associated ovarian tumor samples but was absent in endometriosis samples (0%), (P =0.008). Conclusions: Endometriosis-associated tumors appear to be associated with overexpression of bcl2 and P53 and reduced expression of Estrogen receptor. These finding may help to diagnose tumoral transformation with a background of endometriosis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2016

Background: The first purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture (Robinson type 2B1 vs. 2B2) with 3.5-mm low profile clavicular locking compression plate. The second purpose is to evaluate the difference of the results depending on the presence of accompanying injuries. Methods: Forty-nine patients who underwent an operation for the fractures were reviewed retrospectively. Fracture patterns were classified according to group 2B1 and 2B2 using Robinson's classification. For radiological outcome, time to union after operation was evaluated and for clinical outcome, American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated from preoperative period to last follow-up period. Results: The mean time for union was not significantly different in the 2B1 group and 2B2 group (p=0.062). No statistically significant difference in ASES score, UCLA score, and VAS was observed between 2B1 and 2B2 (p=0.619, p=0.896, p=0.856, respectively). In ROM, significant higher mean forward flexion and abduction was observed in 2B2 (p=0.025, p=0.017, respectively) and there was no difference in external rotation and external rotation at shoulder $90^{\circ}$ abduction position (p=0.130, p=0.180, respectively). There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes according to the accompanying injuries. Conclusions: There was no difference in clinical and radiological outcome between Robinson 2B1 and 2B2 type fracture after the operation. Accompanying injuries may not affect the clinical result of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.