• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.273-285
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• 1991

Crowded group is composed of 60 subjects who visited Yonsei University for orthodontic treatment and has no history of orthodontic treatment. Noncrowded group is composed of 26 subjects who has no crowding, considered to have a normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Currently available and approved analytic method was used. Interrelationship between tooth size and arch size, and it's correlation on tooth crowding was studied and the following results were obtained. 1. In comparison of sum of mesiodistal width, of crown size of teeth was greater in noncrowded group than that of crowded group on both arch. (p < 0.01). 2. In comparison of arch lengths, the values measured from arch length 2 showed greater in noncrowded group (p < 0.01). Also in crowded group, arch length 1 showed greater value than arch length 2 on both arch (p < 0.01). 3. In comparison of arch widths, upper interlateral (p < 0.01) and upper intercanine width (p < 0.05) showed greater value in noncrowded group on upper arch and intermolar width showed greater value in noncrowded group on both upper and lower arches (p < 0.05). 4. In comparison of arch perimeters, arch perimeter 2 was greater value in noncrowded group on both upper and lower arches (p < 0.01). 5. Dentoalveolar disproportion was greater in noncrowded group on both upper and lower arches (p < 0.01). 6. In lower incisors MD/FL ratio, the central and lateral incisors were greater in crowded group, but statistial significance was only in lateral incisors (p < 0.01) 7. The irregularity index of lower incisors showed greater value in crowded group (p < 0.01).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.109-111
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• 1978

본실험(本實驗)에서는 저장중(貯藏中)에 면양근육내(績羊筋肉內)의 보수성(保水性), 단백질(蛋白質) 추출성(抽出性) 및 pH에 대(對)한 변화(變化)의 차이(差異)를 관찰(觀察)하였다. 보수성(保水性)은 pH치(値)와 같이 도살후(屠殺後) 서서히 저하(低下)되어 약(約) 2-4시간후(時間後) 최소치(最少値)에 도달(到達)하였다가 그 후(後) 저장(貯藏)의 진행(進行)과 더불어 회복(回復)되였다. 단백질추출성(蛋白質抽出性)도 같은 경향(傾向)을 보였으나 도살후(屠殺後) 6시간(時間)까지 pH치(値)의 변화(變化)는 보수성(保水性) 및 단백질(蛋白質) 추출성(抽出性)의 변화(變化)보다 더 빨랐다. 10일간저장중(日間貯藏中) 보수성(保水性), 단백질추출성(蛋白質抽出性) 및 pH치(値)의 회복(回復)의 속도(速度)도 같은 양상(樣相)을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1663-1668
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential nutritive value of commonly found grasses collected at native pasture in West Sumatra, Indonesia during dry and rainy seasons. Variables measured included chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, concentration of Ca, P and Mg, gas production and metabolizable energy (ME) content of the grasses. The results showed that species and season had significant effect on chemical composition and mineral concentration. Crude protein content in the dry season ranged from 6.5% (B. decumbens) to 14.4% (P. maximum) and increased slightly from 7.8% (B. decumbens) to 14. 8% (A. compressus) in the rainy season. Data on fiber fraction showed that grass contained more NDF, ADF and ADL in dry season than in rainy season. Data on mineral concentration showed that C. plectostachyus and P. maximum in dry season had higher Ca than those of other species, while in rainy season P. maximum had highest Ca concentration. In dry season, the DMD varied from 50. 4% (P.purpuphoides) to 59.1% (P. purpureum), while in rainy season ranged from 50.3% (A. gayanus) to 61.8% (P. purpureum). The potential and rate of gas production were significantly (p<0.05) affected by species and season. During dry season, potential of gas production ranged from 21.8 ml/200 mg (A. compressus) to 45.1 ml/200 mg (C. plectostachyus), while in rainy season it varied from 35.6 ml/200 mg (A. gayanus) to 47.5 ml/200 mg (P. purpureum). ME content of grasses varied from 6.0 to 8.3 MJ/kg in dry season and increased slightly from 6.4 to 8.6 MJ/kg in rainy season. Both in dry and rainy seasons, the highest ME content was occurred in P. purpureum and C. plectostachyus. In conclusion, nutritive value of the observed grasses in West Sumatra, Indonesia was relatively higher during rainy season compared with dry season. Pennisetum purpureum and Cynodon plectostachyus had the best nutritive value in both dry and rainy seasons.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-383
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• 2016

The influence mechanism of mean value components, noted as $P_0$, on POD applications for complete random fields $P_C(t)$ and fluctuating random fields $P_F(t)$ are illustrated mathematically. The critical philosophy of the illustration is introduction of a new matrix, defined as the correlation function matrix of $P_0$, which connect the correlation function matrix of $P_C(t)$ and $P_F(t)$, and their POD results. Then, POD analyses for several different wind pressure fields were presented comparatively as validation. It's inevitable mathematically that the first eigenmode of $P_C(t)$ resembles the distribution of $P_0$ and the first eigenvalue of $P_C(t)$ is close to the energy of $P_0$, due to similarity of the correlation function matrixs of $P_C(t)$ and $P_0$. However, the viewpoint is not rigorous mathematically that the first mode represents the mean pressure and the following modes represent the fluctuating pressure when $P_C(t)$ are employed in POD application. When $P_C(t)$ are employed, POD results of all modes would be distorted by the mean value components, and it's impossible to identify $P_0$ and $P_F(t)$ separately. Consequently, characteristics of the fluctuating component, which is always the primary concern in wind pressure field analysis, can only be precisely identified with $P_0$ excluded in POD.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2019

Electroless Ni-P coatings are widely used in the chemical, mechanical, and electronic industries because of their excellent wear and abrasion resistance. In this study, The influence of pH values on properties of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings was investigated. To improve mold lubrication, Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings at different pH value were studied. The morphology and phase structure of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD). The result showed that Ni-P-PTFE composite coating is composed of Ni, P and PTFE. It exhibits an amorphous structure and good Corrosion Resistance to the substrate. Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings have higher open circuit potential than that of the substrate, which obtained at pH value of 5.0 optimal integrated properties.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4583-4587
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• 2015

Background: The objectives of this study aimed to detect a CYP2B6 polymorphism in de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia patients and identify any role in disease progression and outcome. Materials and Methods: DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 82 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia cases and the CYP2B6 G15631T gene polymorphism was assayed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequency of the GG genotype (wild type) was 48 (58.5%) and that of the mutant type T allele was 34 (41.9%). GT genotype heterozygous variants were found in 28 (34%), and TT genotype homozygous variants in 6 (7.3%) cases. We found no significant association between the CYP2B6 G15631T polymorphism and complete response (CR) (p-value=0.768), FAB classification (p-value=0.51), cytogenetic analysis (p-value=0.673), and overall survival (p-value=0.325). Also, there were no significant links with early toxic death (p-value=0.92) or progression-free survival (PFS) (p-value=0.245). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CYP2B6 polymorphism has no role in disease progression, therapeutic outcome, patient free survival, early toxic death and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제27권5_6호
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• pp.1109-1118
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• 2009

In this paper, we are concerned with the following four point boundary value problem with one-dimensional p-Laplacian, $\{({\phi}_p(x'(t)))'+h(t)f(t,x(t),|x'(t)|)=0$, 0< t<1, $x'(0)-{\delta}x(\xi)=0,\;x'(1)+{\delta}x(\eta)=0$, where $\phi_p$ (s) = |s|$^{p-2}$, p > $\delta$ > 0, 1 > $\eta$ > $\xi$ > 0, ${\xi}+{\eta}$ = 1. By using a fixed point theorem in a cone, we obtain the existence of at least three symmetric positive solutions. The interesting point is that the boundary condition is a new Sturm-Liouville-like boundary condition, which has rarely been treated up to now.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 비린 냄새 제거와 미생물 항균작용으로 저장성 향상 효과가 있는 참뽕가지를 어간장게장 제조에 이용하고자 이화학적 특성, VBN, 미생물 변화 및 아미노산 변화, 관능적 품질 특성을 평가하여 첨가량과 최적조건을 제시하는 것이다. pH는 숙성 1일과 5일 각 시료 간에 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<0.001), 참뽕가지를 동일한 양으로 첨가하였을 경우, 숙성 기간에 따라 증가하였다. 염도는 숙성 1일에서 대조구보다 참뽕가지의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의하게 낮아졌다(p<0.001). 당도는 숙성시간이 증가함에 따라 낮아졌다. L-value는 같은 양의 참뽕가지를 첨가하였을 때 숙성기간이 늘어날수록 값이 감소하여 색이 어두워졌다. a-value와 b-value는 숙성기간 1일, 참뽕가지 함량 100 g일 때 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. VBN 함량은 숙성기간 1일과 5일에서 G4에서 가장 낮은 VBN 함량을 나타내어 부패도가 가장 낮았으며, 미생물 수는 숙성 1일에 대조구가 가장 높았고, 참뽕가지 첨가량이 증가할수록 항균작용을 하여 대조구보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 총유리아미노산은 숙성기간이 지남에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특성차이검사 결과는 쓴맛, 풀 냄새, 텁텁한 맛이 참뽕가지 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적(p<0.05)으로 진하다고 평가되었다. 감칠맛은 G4가 가장 높게 평가되었고, 참뽕가지를 첨가한 모든 시료가 대조구에 비하여 유의적(p<0.001)으로 구수하다고 평가되었다. 비린내는 참뽕가지를 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서 가장 높았으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소한다고 평가되었다(p<0.001). 일반소비자들에 대한 기호도 검사결과, 향, 맛, 전반적인 기호도는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2014

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 486 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 9 dietary treatments, 9 treatments were group A (0 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group B (50 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group C (100 mg/kg LA and 0 mg/kg ALC), group D (0 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group E (50 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group F (100 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg ALC), group G (0 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group H (50 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC), group I (100 mg/kg LA and 100 mg/kg ALC). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), eviscerated rate, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, liver weight, muscle color ($L^*$ value, $a^*$ value, $b^*$ value), pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem were measured. Results showed that there existed an interaction between LA and ALC in growth performance of broilers, carcass traits and meat quality. The overall result is that high level of LA and ALC led to lower AFI, ADG (p<0.01), lower abdominal fat percentage, liver weight (p<0.01), lower $L^*$ value, $a^*$ value, and $b^*$ value of breast muscle, $L^*$ value of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and higher FCR (p<0.01), eviscerated rate (p<0.01), breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage (p<0.05), $a^*$ value, pH 45 min and pH 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.01). These results suggested that dietary LA and ALC contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2018

pH is expressed mathematically as $pH=-{\log}[H^+]$, is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration, [$H^+$] to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale usually ranges from 0 to 14. Every aqueous solution can be measured to determine its pH value. The pH values below 7.0 express the acidity, above 7.0 are alkalinity and pH 7.0 is a neutral solution. The solution pH can be determined by indicator or by measurement using pH sensor, which measuring the voltage generated between a glass electrode and a reference electrode according to the Nernst Equation. The pH value of solutions depends on the temperature and the activity of contained ions. In nickel electroless plating process, the controlled pH value in some limited ranges are extremely important to achieve optimal deposition rate, phosphorus content as well as solution stability. Basically, nickel electroless plating solution contains of $Ni^{2+}ions$, reducing agent, buffer and complexing agents. The plating processes are normally carried out at $82-92^{\circ}C$. However, the change of its pH values with temperatures does not follow any rule. Thus, the purpose of study is to understand the relationship between pH and temperature of some based solutions and electroless nickel plating solutions. The change of pH with changing temperatures is explained by view of the thermal dynamic and the practical measurements.