• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2024

전세계적으로 발병 및 사망률이 높은 동맥경화증은 뇌졸중, 심근경색 등 심혈관질환의 주요 병증의 원인인 만성 염증성 질환이다. 동맥경화증은 지질 침착으로 인해 죽종(atheroma)이 형성되고, 혈전증이 유발되면서 관련 증상이 발생한다. 동맥경화증의 합성 치료제의 부작용 우려로 인해 생물 유래 항동맥경화 소재 개발의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 동맥경화증의 개선 및 치료를 위한 바이오소재의 발굴 및 기전 규명 등 관련 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 주로 동맥경화증 발병 관련 인자들을 조절하여 증상을 억제하거나 지연시키는 바이오소재들이 연구되고 있으며, 대표적으로 다당류, 폴리페놀, 코엔자임 Q10이 해당된다. 우수한 활성을 가진 바이오소재의 경우에는 생체 내(동물 모델)에서의 항동맥경화증 활성이 확인되었다. 본고에서는 동맥경화증의 발병 기전을 살펴보고, 항동맥경화증 활성이 보고된 바이오소재의 연구 동향 및 활용 전망을 제시하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4353-4356
• /
• 2012

Background: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of oral submucous fibrosis, oral cancer and even premature death. The present study was designed to compare the biochemical parameters and non-enzymatic antioxidant status and the lipid peroxidation products in pan masala tobacco users as compared with age-matched non-user controls. Methods: Pan masala and tobacco users of age $33.2{\pm}9.94$ years and age-matched controls ($31.2{\pm}4.73$ years) were enrolled for the study. Plasma levels of vitamin E, vitamin C, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) were measured by standard methods. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated as a measure of lipid peroxidation. Results: In the pan masala tobacco users, as compared to the controls, the level of vitamin C ($68.5{\pm}5.9$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.05$) vitamin E ($18.4{\pm}5.3$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), albumin ($37.5{\pm}7.01$ vs $44.3{\pm}9.99g/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), and malondialdehyde ($10.8{\pm}1.29$ vs $1.72{\pm}1.15nmol/ml$, $p{\leq}0.001$) were found to be significantly altered. Malondialdehyde was significantly correlated with vitamin E (r=1.00, p<0.001) and vitamin C (r=1.00, p<0.001) in pan masala tobacco users. Serum levels of AST ($31.0{\pm}16.77$ IU) and ALT ($36.7{\pm}31.3$ IU) in the pan masala tobacco users were significantly raised as compared to the controls (AST, $25.2{\pm}9.51$ IU, p=0.038; ALT, $26.2{\pm}17.9$ IU, p=0.038). Conclusion: These findings suggest that pan masala tobacco users are in a state of oxidative stress promoting cellular damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants are depleted in pan masala tobacco users with subsequent alteration in the biochemical parameters. Supplementation of antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage in pan masala tobacco users.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.541-549
• /
• 2015

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with higher metastatic rate and both local and systemic recurrence compared to non-TNBC. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to oxidative stress is associated with DNA damage, chromosomal degradation and alterations of both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of DNA. This study concerns differential methylation of promoter regions in specific groups of genes in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi females in an effort to understand whether epigenetic events might be involved in breast carcinogenesis, and whether they might be used as markers for Saudi BCs. Methylation of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), T-cadherin (CDH13), Paired box protein 5 (PAX5), death associated protein kinase (DAPK), twist-related protein (TWIST), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID4), High In Normal-1 (HIN-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16), cyclin D2 and retinoic acid receptor-${\beta}$ ($RAR{\beta}1$) genes was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 200 archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded BC tissues divided into 3 groups; benign breast tissues (20), TNBC (80) and non-TNBC (100). The relationships between methylation status, and clinical and pathological characteristics of patients and tumors were assessed. Higher frequencies of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 hypermethylation were found in TNBC than in non-TNBC. Hypermethylation of GSTP1, CDH13, ID4, DAPK, HIN-1 and PAX5 increased with tumor grade increasing. Other statistically significant correlations were identified with studied genes. Data from this study suggest that increased hypermethylation of GSTP1, ID4, TWIST, DAPK, PAX5 and HIN-1 genes in TNBC than in non-TNBC can act as useful biomarker for BCs in the Saudi population. The higher frequency of specific hypermethylated genes paralleling tumor grade, size and lymph node involvement suggests contributions to breast cancer initiation and progression.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.6.1-6.11
• /
• 2016

Background: Dietary supplementation of unsaturated fats in ruminants, if not stabilized, can instigate oxidative stress which can have negative impact on production performance and enhance the susceptibility to various diseases. The current study examined the effect of dietary 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil blend (CPOB) on serum fatty acids, antioxidant profile and biochemical indices in goats. Thirty Boer bucks (4-5 months old; initial BW, $20.34{\pm}0.77kg$) were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 or 8 % CPOB and fed daily for a period of 90 days. Blood was sampled from the goats on 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of the trial and the serum was analyzed for fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, total protein, antioxidants and lipid oxidation. Results: Neither diet nor sampling time influenced serum TBARS value, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and total protein. Goats fed 4 and 8 % CPOB had higher (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol than the control goats on day 30, 60 and 90. The proportion of C15:0 decreased with increasing level of CPOB on day 30 and 60. Serum C18:1n-9 increased with increasing level of CPOB in diet on day 60. The proportion of C18:3n-3 and C22:5n-3 increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of C18:2n-6 decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in the level of CPOB on day 60 and 90. Dietary CPOB did not affect serum total carotenoid and ${\delta}$-tocopherol but did increase (P < 0.05) ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol. Conclusion: Dietary canola oil and palm oil blend could be supplemented in diets without instigating oxidative stress in goats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.430-440
• /
• 2022

셀레늄은 산화스트레스 방어 기능으로 인체의 면역기능 유지에 필수적 역할을 하고, 세포의 항산화기능, 면역기능, 갑상선호르몬 조절, 약물이나 중금속 위해에 대한 방어, 만성질환의 위험 감소에 필수 역할을 하는 미량무기질이다. 셀레늄 섭취의 부족은 암, 심혈관질환, 당뇨병, 신경질환, 골관절 및 근육괴사와 약화, 갑상선질환, 염증성 질환 등 다양한 만성적 질환의 위험을 높인다. 본 논문은 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준에서 셀레늄의 제정과 개정 근거 기준에 대해 설명하고, 셀레늄 데이터베이스의 현황과 향후 2025 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 설정을 위한 필요 연구에 대해 논의하였다. 셀레늄의 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준은 2015년에 이어 혈장 셀레노프로테인 P 수준이 최대가 되는 셀레늄의 평균필요량을 지표로 사용하였고, 중국인 대상의 보고치에 한국인의 기준체중과 변이계수를 적용하는 방법이 적용되었으며, 2015년에 비해 참고체중치의 변경에 따라 성별, 연령별 셀레늄 섭취기준에서 약간의 개정이 있었다. 향후 셀레늄 섭취기준 설정의 발전을 위해서는 1) 한국인 대상의 혈장 셀레노프로테인 P의 최대수준을 나타내는 셀레늄 섭취량을 파악하기 위한 셀레늄 중재연구가 필요하고, 2) 셀레늄 섭취량 판정의 정확성을 높이기 위한 영양평가 프로그램내 식품 셀레늄 데이터베이스의 검토와 식품의 셀레늄 함량 분석을 확대해야 하며, 3) 국민의 셀레늄 섭취와 체내 생물학적 지표와의 관계를 건강한 일반인뿐만 아니라 질환자 및 운동선수와 같은 특수 환경의 대상자들로 확대하는 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2011

현대사회는 생활습관, 공해, 오염, 독성물질 등 여러 종류의 산화스트레스를 받는 환경에 노출되어 있으며, 이런 산화스트레스들은 인간에게 있어 여러 질병을 야기한다는 많은 증거 들이 나오고 있다. Ferric Nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)는 iron-induced oxidative Stress로 인해 신장독성에 관여되어 있다고 보고된 물질이다. 이에 본 연구진은 랫드에 항산화 효과가 있는 차전초(Plantago asiatica) 추출물을 투여하고 Fe-NTA를 복강 주사하여 선장에서 iron-induced oxidative stress를 유발한 후, 산화스트레스를 얼마나 억제하여 주는 지를 혈액에서 신장기능 지표인 blood urea nitrogen (BUN)과 creatinine (Cr)을 측정하고, 신장조직에서는 항산화 바이오마커들인 reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) 및 지질과산화물 (lipid peroxide)인 malondialdehyde (MDA)를 측정 하였다. 신장기능 이상시 증가되는 BUN 및 Cr은 Fe-NTA에 의해 산화스트레스만 유발한 그룹에서는 $116.82{\pm}5.20$ mg/dL과 $2.70{\pm}0.20$ mg/dL로 아무것도 처리하지 않은 대조군의 $18.54{\pm}1.29$ mg/dL, $0.52{\pm}0.04$ mg/dL에 비해 약 6.3배 및 5.2배의 증가를 나타냈다. 반면 차전초를 투여한 1g/kg b.w. 군에 서 BUN 및 Cr의 활성 이 각각 $95.76{\pm}7.89$ mg/dL과 $2.16{\pm}0.340$ mg/dL, 2g/kg b.w. 군에서는 $89.34{\pm}26.93$ mg/dL 과 $2.20{\pm}0.51$ mg/dL, 4 g/kg b.w. 군에서는 $39.54{\pm}21.93$ mg/dL과 $1.16{\pm}0.55$ mg/dL으로 농도 의존적으로 유의적 (p < 0.05) 차이를 보이며 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 항산화의 바이오마커로 작용하는 GSH, GST 및 GR은 Fe-NTA에 의해 산화스트레스만 유발한 그룹에서는 각각 $59.45{\pm}12.32$ mmol GSH/g tissue, $49.88{\pm}4.55$ Units/g tissue, $56.70{\pm}5.40$ Units/g tissue로 아무것도 처리하지 않은 정상그룹의 $142.82{\pm}16.51$ mmol GSH/g tissue, $124.69{\pm}13.073$ Units/g tissue, $107.31{\pm}8.70$ Units/g tissue에 비해 58.4%, 60.0%, 47.2%로 현저하게 감소하였다. 반면 차전초 추출물을 1, 2, 4 g/kg b.w. 으로 투여한 그룹에서의 GSH는 $77.86{\pm}12.62$, $123.11{\pm}12.72$, $147.97{\pm}26.27$ mmol GSH/g tissue로 Fe-NTA만 처리한 그룹에 비해 약 1.3배, 2.1배, 2.5배 증가하였으며, GST는 $66.59{\pm}5.01$, $83.25{\pm}8.38$, $124.68{\pm}13.67$ Units/g tissue.로1.3배,1.7배, 2.5배 증가, GR은 $67.37{\pm}8.66$, $80.34{\pm}6.06$, $98.67{\pm}10.11$ Units/g tissue로 1.2배, 1.4배, 1.7배 증가하였다. 산화스트레스로 유발되는 지질과산화물을 신장에서 측정 하였을 때 Fe-NTA에 의해 산화스트레스만 유발한 그룹은 $215.70{\pm}49.73\;{\mu}mol$/g tissue로 대조군 그룹의 $46.20{\pm}10.65\;{\mu}mol$/g tissue보다 지질과산화를 많이 일으켜 4.7배 많은 MDA를 생성한 것을 나타냈지만, 차전초 추출물 1, 2,4 g/kg b.w. 투여한 그룹은 MDA의 생성량이 $141.74{\pm}10.79$, $116.11{\pm}9.19$, $86.52{\pm}22.30\;{\mu}mol$/g tissue로 약 34.3%, 46.2%, 59.9% 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 신장에서 iron-induced oxidative stress에 의해 독성을 유발하는 Fe-NTA를 처리 하였을시 신장손상 지표인 BUN과 Cr은 증가하고, 항산화 지표인 GSH와 GST, GR은 감소함과 동시에 지질과산 화물인 MDA는 증가하였다. 그러나 차전초 추출물을 농도를 달리하여 투여한 후 Fe-NTA로 산화스트레스를 유발한 그룹은 농도 의존적으로 BUN과 Cr은 감소하고, 항산화 지표들은 증가함과 동시에 MDA는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 Fe-NTA만 처리한 그룹과 유의적 차이를 보였다. 위 결과들을 종합하면 Fe-NTA는 산화스트레스에 의해 신장에 심각한 손상을 줄 수 있으며, 차전초 추출물은 항산화 효과를 바탕으로 하여 Fe-NTA에 의한 신장 손상에 대한 보호 또는 개선 효과가 있음을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2002

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and are characterized by increased opacity of the lens that significantly diminishes visual acuity. It has been suggested that increased risk of lens opacities are associated with age, exposure to sunlight, diabetes, smoking, and poor nutrition. Antioxidant nutrients have born demonstrated to protect the lens membrane and protein against damage due to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant system in the blood of cataract patients. The status of the blood antioxidant system was evaluated based on the levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (M7A) activity in 34 patients with cataracts (17 male and 17 female) and 45 control subjects (20 male and 25 female). After adjusting for age, the results showed significantly lower levels of antioxidant vitamins such as lycopene (M : p < 0.05, F: p < 0.01), zeaxanthin (F: p < 0.01), ${\gamma}$-tocopherol (F: p < 0.01) and ascorbic arid (M: p < 0.05) in the cataract patients than in the control subjects. In contrast, the concentration of cryptoxanthin (F : p < 0.07) showed a significantly higher value in the cataract patients. The serum level of the antioxidant mineral Zn (M : p < 0.01) was found to be significantly lower in the cataract patients while the ratio of cu/zn appeared significantly higher (M : p < 0.05). Significantly higher (M : p < 0.01, F: p < 0.05) concentrations of MDA in serum was found in the cataract patients as compared to the control subjects. GSH-Px activity was significantly lower (F: p < 0.05) in 71e cataract patients. In conclusion, the antioxidant system may play an important roll in cataract creation. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings and to establish preventive measures with an emphasis on antioxidant nutrition for cataract patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.1433-1439
• /
• 2000

An experiment was carried out with 48 IVRI 2CQ rats 6-8 week old, weighing 50-100 g, to study the effect of lead exposure on antioxidant defense, lipid peroxide level, status of thiol groups and concentration of lead in the liver and kidneys at the end of the exposure and also after withdrawal of lead administration. Twenty four rats were given lead at a daily dose rate of 1 mg lead/2 ml of distilled water/kg body weight as lead acetate solution intraperitoneally for a period of 30 days. Another 24 control rats received 2 ml of sterile normal saline solution (0.85% NaCl)/kg body weight in an identical manner. A many-fold increase in concentration of lead was associated with a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver (27%) and kidneys (12%) and catalase in kidneys (22%). A significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxide level was recorded in the liver (40%) compared with control values. There were significant (p<0.05) decreases in the total thiol and protein bound thiol contents in liver and an increase in non-protein bound thiol groups in the kidneys of lead exposed rats. During the 10 day observation period after withdrawal of lead administration, no significant change was observed with respect to any of the above parameters indicating that a 10 day withdrawal period was not enough for restoration of normality. It is concluded that the magnitude of response and the resultant changes in the lipid peroxide concentration, and the activities of SOD and catalase were not identical in the liver and kidneys of lead-exposed rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.773-785
• /
• 2006

Vitamin E in the body system plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases by decreasing the oxidative stress by free-radicals. However, there are not enough researches on analyzing the primary factors affecting vitamin E levels in the blood in Korean adults. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine blood tocopherol levels and the primary factors affecting the status. A complete lifestyle survey was performed on 314 Korean adult men and surveyed their smoking, drinking and exercising habits. The average plasma level of ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed similar mutual relations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level of the subjects did not show any difference as smoking, drinking and exercising habits changed. However, ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ per TG showed much lower figure in smokers than non smokers (p < 0.05). Amongst diet factors, plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level showed negative correlations with Vitamin E intake, while ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level showed positive correlations with Vitamin E intake. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma tocopherol showed negative correlations, and catalase activity and plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ showed positive correlationship. The level of cell DNA damage of Iymphocyte and plasma ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\gamma}-tocopherol$ showed negative correlations. As a result of this research, the factors that affect Korean adult men's plasma ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and cell DNA damage in Iymphocyte, while the factors that affect ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ level are plasma TG, LDL-C and vitamin E intake based on multiple regression analysis. These findings implies that the level of different types of tocopherol depends on slightly different factors. A further research is needed on the factors involved in the differentiation of the types of tocopherol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2011

Few studies have shown the correlation between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD). The main pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome rely on chronic low-level inflammatory status and oxidative stress. There are few studies that examine the gender-specific effects of inflammation and antioxidants on BMD. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of these factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 men and 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome; metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors. BMD, body fat mass, and lean body mass were evaluated. We also examined the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, vitamin E, and C in serum. Log-transformed hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in lumbar spine osteoporotic subjects than in normal subjects for women but not for men. There was no significant difference between the normal group and the osteoporotic group in other inflammatory markers. Stepwise regression analyses for BMD of the lumbar spine showed that lean body mass and vitamin E were significant determinants in men. Lean body mass and log-transformed hs-CRP were significant determinants in women Analysis for BMD of the femoral neck showed that lean body mass was a significant determinant for both men and women. There was no significant factor among the inflammatory markers or antioxidant vitamins affecting the femoral neck BMD for either gender. In conclusion, while hs-CRP is an independent predictor of the BMD of the lumbar spine in women, vitamin E showed profound effects on BMD in men but not women with metabolic syndrome.