• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, one of the most invasive insect pests, has spread quickly nationwide since it was introduced to South Korea in 2008. The use of insecticides is the main management strategy for this pest, but the control efficiency has been decreased due to insecticide resistance. We collected 12 local B. tabaci populations to investigate the regional differences in efficiency and observed the mortality from 14 commercial insecticides applied at recommended concentrations (RC) and dilutions (0.1 RC and 0.01 RC) using the leaf dipping bioassay. Except for etofenprox (46-64%), thiamethoxam (37-60%), pyriproxyfen (21-61%), and pyridaben (61-65%), the other insecticides showed excellent insecticidal efficacy of 70% to 100% at their RC. In particular, flupyradifurone, emamectin benzoate, and cyantraniliprole showed high insecticidal efficacy of over 90% in all of the tested populations. Some insecticides that rapidly decreased in activity (less than 30%) at diluted concentrations or showed high resistance levels in nearby regions were classified for cautious use due to the possibility or potential to develop resistance. The results provide selected insecticides for B. tabaci control by region and could contribute to reducing insecticide abuse and increasing insecticidal efficiency in farming fields.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.303-320
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• 2024

This study presents the development and performance evaluation of a custom GPT-based chatbot tailored to provide solutions following Polya's problem-solving stages. A beta version of the chatbot was initially deployed to assess its mathematical capabilities, followed by iterative error identification and correction, leading to the final version. The completed chatbot demonstrated an accuracy rate of approximately 89.0%, correctly solving an average of 57.8 out of 65 image-based problems from a 6th-grade elementary mathematics textbook, reflecting a 4 percentage point improvement over the beta version. For a subset of 50 problems, where images were not critical for problem resolution, the chatbot achieved an accuracy rate of approximately 91.0%, solving an average of 45.5 problems correctly. Predominant errors included problem recognition issues, particularly with complex or poorly recognizable images, along with concept confusion and comprehension errors. The custom chatbot exhibited superior mathematical performance compared to the general-purpose ChatGPT. Additionally, its solution process can be adapted to various grade levels, facilitating personalized student instruction. The ease of chatbot creation and customization underscores its potential for diverse applications in mathematics education, such as individualized teacher support and personalized student guidance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2875-2880
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• 2024

The development of nuclear power plants is in three phases. The first phase is a consideration before the decision on the NPP construction program is approved, the second phase is the preparatory work for making contracts and preparing for the construction of NPP after the NPP construction policy is approved, and the third phase is contracting, licensing and building the first NPP. As a volcanically active country, Indonesia contains over 130 active volcanoes that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic aspect is one of the safety factors considered while deciding the location of an NPP. Research on the potential of natural external risks to the determination of nuclear power plants in Indonesia, including the volcanic aspect, has been conducted based on the safety reference or safety guide of the IAEA and the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Body (BAPETEN) Regulation. Due to technological advancements, safety needs have evolved so the existing Indonesia National Standard (SNI) must be updated to comply with BAPETEN regulations. The substance in SNI 18-2034-1990 relating to volcanic features seems less relevant in actual conditions, given that more complete and exact criteria for determining a site guarantee the safety and health of residents and surrounding the environment site. The study intends to conduct a gap analysis of volcanic issues in SNI and volcanic regulations. The method used is identification requirements for volcanic aspects in SNI 18-2034-1990 about Determining Site of Nuclear Reactor Guidance with BAPETEN Chairman Regulation (BCR) number 4 of 2018 about Nuclear Installation Site Evaluation Safety Provisions and BCR number 5 of 2015 about Evaluation of Nuclear Installation Sites for Volcanic Aspects, and analysis uses a qualitative method of inductive techniques. The outcome of this research applies to suggesting a revision of SNI number 18-2034-1990, especially the volcanic aspect.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2024

Various types of assistive devices have been developed for upper limb amputees over the years, with myoelectric prosthesis particularly aimed at improving user convenience by enabling a range of hand gestures beyond simple grasping, tailored to the size and shape of objects. In this study, we developed a five-finger myoelectric prosthesis mimicking human hand size and finger movements, utilizing motor and worm gear mechanisms for stable and independent operation. Based on this, we designed a control system for independent finger control through electromyographic signal input, proposed a state transition-based hand gesture conversion algorithm by selecting representative eight hand gestures and defining conversion condition parameters. We introduced training and usability evaluation methods, and conducted usability assessments among upper limb amputees using dedicated tools, confirming the potential for commercial application of the algorithm and observing adaptive capabilities and high performance through iterative evaluations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.540-547
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• 2024

The continuous use of polymer materials has exacerbated waste and environmental challenges, spurring a growing interest in eco-friendly polymers, especially biodegradable polymers. These polymers are gaining attention for their potential as antimicrobial agents, particularly in fields like food packaging a need further underscored by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the development of an antibacterial polymer by combining poly-butylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with zinc pyrithione (ZnPt). The antibacterial properties were assessed through turbidity analysis, the shaking flask method, and the film adhesion method. The antibacterial activities of the composites with varying ZnPt% (w/w) contents (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Results revealed that even at a low concentration of 0.1% (w/w), the composites demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Composites with ZnPt concentrations of 0.3% (w/w) or higher achieved over 99.999% antibacterial efficacy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis of the fracture surfaces of the composites confirmed the uniform distribution of ZnPt particles, ranging from 1-4 ㎛. Further FE-SEM analysis of bacterial suspensions exposed to the composite surfaces showed clear evidence of cell wall destruction in both E. coli and S. aureus. As an antimicrobial biodegradable polymer, PBAT-ZnPt composites show great promise for applications in various sectors, including food packaging.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.337-347
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• 2007

An embedded system is called a multi-mode embedded system if it performs multiple applications by dynamically reconfiguring the system functionality. Further, the embedded system is called a multi-mode multi-task embedded system if it additionally supports multiple tasks to be executed in a mode. In this Paper, we address a HW/SW partitioning problem, that is, HW/SW partitioning of multi-mode multi-task embedded applications with timing constraints of tasks. The objective of the optimization problem is to find a minimal total system cost of allocation/mapping of processing resources to functional modules in tasks together with a schedule that satisfies the timing constraints. The key success of solving the problem is closely related to the degree of the amount of utilization of the potential parallelism among the executions of modules. However, due to an inherently excessively large search space of the parallelism, and to make the task of schedulabilty analysis easy, the prior HW/SW partitioning methods have not been able to fully exploit the potential parallel execution of modules. To overcome the limitation, we propose a set of comprehensive HW/SW partitioning techniques which solve the three subproblems of the partitioning problem simultaneously: (1) allocation of processing resources, (2) mapping the processing resources to the modules in tasks, and (3) determining an execution schedule of modules. Specifically, based on a precise measurement on the parallel execution and schedulability of modules, we develop a stepwise refinement partitioning technique for single-mode multi-task applications. The proposed techniques is then extended to solve the HW/SW partitioning problem of multi-mode multi-task applications. From experiments with a set of real-life applications, it is shown that the proposed techniques are able to reduce the implementation cost by 19.0% and 17.0% for single- and multi-mode multi-task applications over that by the conventional method, respectively.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.147-176
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• 2016

Korean Peninsula is surrounded by ocean on three sides. Because of this geographical quality over 97% of export and import volumes are exchange by sea. Foreign ship and international passenger vessels carries foreign tourist and globalization and internationalization increases this trends. Leisure population grows with national income increase and interest of ocean. And accidents and incidents rates are also increases. Korea Coast Guard's jurisdiction area is 4.5 times bigger than our country. The length of coastline is 14,963km including islands. One patrol vessel is responsible for 24,068km and one coast guard substation is responsible for 94km. Efficient patrol activities can not be provided. This research focus on this problem. Analyze the status and trends of maritime crime and suggest efficient patrol activities. To deal with increasing maritime crime rate this study suggest to use geographical profile method which developed early 1900s in USA. This geographical profile analyse the spatial characteristic and mapping this result. With this result potential crime zone can be predicted. One of the result is hot spot management which gives data about habitual crime zone. In Korea National Police Agency adopt this method in 2008 and apply on patrol and crime prevention activity by analysis of different criteria. Korea National Police Agency analyse the crime rate with crime type, crime zone and potential crime zone, and hourly, regionally criteria. Korea Coast Guard need to adopt this method and apply on maritime to make maritime crime map, which shows type of crime with regional, periodical result. With this geographical profiling we can set a Criminal Point which shows the place where the crime often occurs. The Criminal Points are set with the data of numerous rates such as homicide, robbery, burglary, missing, collision which happened in ocean. Set this crime as the major crime and manage the data more thoroughly. I expect to enhance the reinforcement of marine crime using this Criminal Points. Because this points will give us efficient way to prevent the maritime crime by placing the patrol vessel where they needed most.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.836-842
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate potential benefits of intercropping of corn with runner bean for a smallsized farming system, based on land equivalent ratio (LER) and silage yield and quality of corn intercropped with runner bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in arid conditions of Turkey under an irrigation system. This experiment was established as a split-plot design in a randomized complete block, with three replications and carried out over two (consecutive) years in 2006 and 2007. Seven different mixtures (runner bean, B and silage corn sole crop, C, 10% B+90% C, 20% B+80% C, 30% B+70% C, 40% B+60%C, and 50% B+50%C) of silage corn-runner bean were intercropped. All of the mixtures were grown under irrigation. The corn-runner bean fields were planted in the second week of May and harvested in the first week of September in both years. Green beans were harvested three times each year and green bean yields were recorded each time. After the 3rd harvest of green bean, residues of bean and corn together were randomly harvested from a 1 $m^{2}$ area by hand using a clipper when the bean started to dry and corn was at the dough stage. Green mass yields of each plot were recorded. Silages were prepared from each plot (triplicate) in 1 L mini-silos. After 60 d ensiling, subsamples were taken from this material for determination of dry matter (DM), pH, organic acids, chemical composition, and in vitro DM digestibility of silages. The LER index was also calculated to evaluate intercrop efficiencies with respect to sole crops. Average pH, acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were similar but lactic acid and ammonia-N levels were significantly different (p<0.05) among different mixtures of bean intercropped with corn. Ammonia-N levels linearly increased from 0.90% to 2.218 as the percentage of bean increased in the mixtures up to a 50:50 seeding ratio. While average CP content increased linearly from 6.47 to 12.45%, and average NDF and ADF contents decreased linearly from 56.17 to 44.88 and from 34.92 to 33.51%, respectively, (p<0.05) as the percentage of bean increased in the mixtures up to a 50:50 seeding ratio, but DM and OM contents did not differ among different mixtures of bean intercropped with corn (p>0.05). In vitro OM digestibility values differed significantly among bean-corn mixture silages (p<0.05). Fresh bean, herbage DM, IVOMD, ME yields, and LER index were significantly influenced by percentage of bean in the mixtures (p<0.01). As the percentage of bean increased in the mixtures up to a 50:50 seeding ratio, yields of fresh bean (from 0 to 24,380 kg/ha) and CP (from 1,258.0 to 1,563.0 kg/ha) and LER values (from 1.0 to 1.775) linearly increased, but yields of herbage DM (from 19,670 to 12,550 kg/ha), IVOMD (from 12,790 to 8,020 kg/ha) and ME (46,230 to 29,000 Mcal/ha) yields decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, all of the bean-corn mixtures provided a good silage and better CP concentrations. Even though forage yields decreased, the LER index linearly increased as the percentage of bean increased in the mixture up to a 50:50 seeding ratio, which indicates a greater utilization of land. Therefore, a 50:50 seeding ratio seemed to be best for optimal utilization of land in this study and to provide greater financial stability for labor-intensive, small farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

The 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake ($M_L$ 5.8) (occurred on September 12, 2016) and the 2017 Pohang Earthquake ($M_L$ 5.4) (occurred on November 15, 2017) caused unprecedented damages in South Korea. It is necessary to establish basic data related to earthquake-induced mountainous sediment-related disasters over worldwide. In this study, we analyzed previous international studies on the earthquake-induced mountainous sediment-related disasters, then classified research areas according to research themes using text-mining and co-word analysis in VOSviewer program, and finally examined spatio-temporal research trends by research area. The result showed that the related-researches have been rapidly increased since 2005, which seems to be affected by recent large-scale earthquakes occurred in China, Taiwan and Japan. In addition, the research area related to mountainous sediment-related disasters induced by earthquakes was classified into four subjects: (i) mechanisms of disaster occurrence; (ii) rainfall parameters controlling disaster occurrence; (iii) prediction of potential disaster area using aerial and satellite photographs; and (iv) disaster risk mapping through the modeling of disaster occurrence. These research areas are considered to have a strong correlation with each other. On the threshold year (i.e., 2012-2013), when cumulative number of research papers was reached 50% of total research papers published since 1987, proportions per unit year of all research areas should increase. Especially, the proportion of the research areas related to prediction of potential disaster area using aerial and satellite photographs is highly increased compared to other three research areas. These trends are responsible for the rapidly increasing research papers with study sites in China, and the research papers examined in Taiwan, Japan, and the United States have also contributed to increases in all research areas. The results are could be used as basic data to present future research direction related to mountainous sediment-related disasters induced by earthquakes in South Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to compare the varietal differences of winter hardiness based on the values of winter hardiness index(W1) and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rate (DWIRTAR), and the evaluate the method of measurements for winter hardiness in 17 orchardgrass varieties grown under mountainous area of Tackwalyon, Kangwon-do. Korea. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Seedling vigours(SV) of plant before wintering indicated highly significant negative correlation with the dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). 2. The dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) indicated significant positive correlations with the number of tillers per plant(NT). dry weight of a tiller(WT), lield survival rate(SR). heading rate(HR) and the dry weight of heading tillers(HDW). 3. Correlation coefficients of the dry weight of 1st cutting(DW) with winter hardiness index(W1) was 0.499(p<0.05), and the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) was 0.895(p<0.001), respectively. 4. Between the winter hardiness index(W1) and field survival rate(SR) showed highly significant positive correlation(p<0.001). And, the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) showed highly significant positive correlation(p<0.001) with the dry weight of a tiller(WT) and the dry weight of heading tillers(HDW). 5. The varieties were classified into 2 groups by winter hardiness index(W1). The 13 varieties of Hallmark. lna, Rancho, Amba, Filippa, Sparta, Hokuto, Kitamidori, Okamidori, Wasemidori, Shinyo, Potomac and Summer-green belong to the group of W1)100, and 4 varieties of Able, Juno, Napier and Jesper belong to the group of WI(100, respectively. 6. And, also classified into 2 groups by the dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). The 4 varieties of Amba, Okamidori, Wasemidori and Summer-green belong to the group of DW1RTAR)l.O and 13 varieties of Able, Hallmark, Ina, Juno, Napier, Rancho, Filippa. Jesper, Sparta, Hokuto, Kitamidori, Shinyo and Potomac belong to the group of DW/RTAR(1.0, respectively. The variety with DW/RTAR)I.O is belong to the group of high potential winter hardiness, and also obtained a high values over the 100 of winter hardiness index(W1). 7. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) may be a very useful ecological character to evaluate the potential winter hardiness of orchardgrass varieties grown under mountainous area of Taekwalyon(altitudinal ranges about 800m).