• Title/Summary/Keyword: osmotic

Search Result 815, Processing Time 0.049 seconds

Studies on the Shade Tolerance, Light Requirement, and Water Relations of Economic Tree Species(III) - Analysis of Pressure-Volume Curves on the Changes of Tissue Water Relations of Five Deciduous Hardwood Species Subjected to Artificial Shading Treatments - (주요경제수종(主要經濟樹種)의 내음성(耐陰性) 및 광선요구도(光線要求度)와 수분특성(水分特性)에 관한 연구(III) - 인공피음처리하(人工被陰處理下)에서 자라는 활엽수(闊葉樹) 5수종(樹種)의 수분특성(水分特性) 변화(變化)에 대한 P-V곡선(曲線) 분석(分析) -)

  • Choi, Jeong Ho;Kwon, Ki Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.90 no.4
    • /
    • pp.524-534
    • /
    • 2001
  • The pressure-volume curve parameters were investigated to elucidate the effects of shading treatment on the water relations of the one year old seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Betula schmidtii, Zelkova serrata, Acer mono and Prunes sargentii subjected to five levels of artificial shading treatments. The osmotic potentials at full turgor(${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$) measured under full sunlight changed with species and growing season in the ranges of -1.04~-1.27MPa, -1.03~-1.48MPa, -0.94~-1.44MPa in first year treatment, and -0.90~-1.37MPa, -1.05~-1.79MPa, -0.99~-1.30MPa in second year treatment in June, July, and September, respectively. The osmotic potentials at full turgor increased with increment of shading level in the ranges of -0.90~-1.79MPa in full sunlight and -0.58~-1.23MPa in nearly full shading level(E) through the growing seasons in all the species studied. The osmotic potentials at turgor loss point(${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$) measured in full sunlight changed in the ranges of -1.64~-2.11MPa, -1.67~-2.15MPa, -1.47~-2.11MPa, and -1.45~-2.04MPa, -1.30~-2.00MPa, -1.28~-2.33MPa in June, July, and September of first and second years, respectively. Most of ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ measurements were lower within about 0.5MPa in comparison with those of ${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$. The measurements of ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ also increased with increment of shading level, and the differences in ${\phi}_{{\pi}p}$ among shading levels were generally greater than those in ${\phi}_{{\pi}o}$ by species and by growing season. Most of the osmotic potentials at turgor loss point as like as at full turgor were lowered in July than in June and September. The measurements of relative water content at turgor lass point(RWCp) in full sunlight were in the similar ranges of 81~88%, 71~86%, 75~84%, and 82~87, 72~84%, 76~86% in June, July, and September of first and second years, respectively. The RWCp were a little higher in A. mono and P. sargentii than in B. platyphylla var. japonica, B. schmidtii, and Z. serrata. The RWCp also decreased from 71~88% in full sunlight to 48~77% in nearly full shading treatment with increment of shading level. Even if there were some exceptions by species or by growing season, the shading effects on the changes in some P-V parameters were distinctly observed in the present study. The change in P-V parameters following shading treatment may be presumably inferred on the changes in solute accumulation, membrane elasticity, symplasmic water volume, and so on. But much more experiments should be necessarily continued for getting detailed informations on the physiological mechanism of shading effects relating to the changes in P-V parameters.

  • PDF

Stabilization and Drug Release of Water/Oil/Water Multiple Emulsions : Effect of Glucose in the Outer Aqueous Phase on Osmotic Pressure Reduction (Water/Oil/Water 다중유화의 안정성과 약물 방출: 외부 수상에 포함된 글루코즈에 의한 삼투압 조절 효과)

  • Yoo, Youngtai;Lim, Eun-Jung;Kim, Tae-Yoon;Kim, Dong-Chul
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.8 no.5
    • /
    • pp.715-721
    • /
    • 1997
  • W/O/W multiple emulsions were prepared comprising $MgSO_4$ in the inner aqueous phase as a model drug. The stability and drug release behavior of the multiple emulsions were studied using optical microscopy, viscometry and conductometry. Glucose was introduced in the outer aqueous phase to reduce the osmotic pressure gradient across the oil layer arising from the localization of drug molecules in the inner water phase. It was found that the presence of glucose was effective in stabilization of the multiple emulsions and in control of the release rate of drug more evidently when oil phase was partially hydrophilized with cetostearyl alcohol. This may be attributed to the fact that the migration of water accompanying the hydrophilic surfactant to the inner water phase was limited under a reduced osmotic pressure gradient and thereby slow down the destabilization of the oil/inner water interface.

  • PDF

Comparative Water Relations of Quercus acuta and Castanopsis cuspidata var sieboldii in Early Winter (붉가시나무(Quercus acuta)와 구실잣밤나무(Castanopsis cuspidata var, sieboldii)의 초겨울 비교 수분 관계)

  • Park, Bum-Jin;Park, Yong-Sam;Park, Yong-Mok
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.231-235
    • /
    • 2005
  • Comparative water relations of Quercus acuta and Castanopsis cuspidata var, sieboldii were analyzed to assess their resistance to drought and low temperature stresses from early November to early December, As air temperature decreased both species showed an increased content of osmotically active solute concentration per unit of dry weight (NS/DW), leading to lower osmotic potential of both species at both full turgid state $(OP_{sat})$ and turgor loss point $(OP_{tlp})$ in December than November. No major difference in the ability to adjust osmotically was noticed between the two. This finding suggests that both species must respond adaptively under water and low temperature stresses to maintain turgor pressure in winter season. In addition to osmotic adjustment, a low bulk modulus of elasticity $(E_{max})$ shown in Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii must also play an important role in turgor maintenance during winter season being apt to happen water and low temperature stresses in plants.

Ecophysiological Interpretations on the Water Relations Parameters of Trees. -I. The Diagnosis of Tolerant Tree to Drought by the Pressure Chamber Technique (수목(樹木)의 수분특성(水分特性)에 관(関)한 생리(生理)·생태학적(生態学的) 해석(解析)(I) - Pressure Chamber Technique에 의한 내건성(耐乾性) 수종(樹種)의 진단(診㫁) -)

  • Han, Sang Sup;Kim, Kwang Ryun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.50 no.1
    • /
    • pp.25-28
    • /
    • 1980
  • The purpose of the this study was to compare the torlent tree to drought among the Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, and Ginkgo biloba. The water relations parameters of leafy shoots were measured by the Pressure chamber technique from August 10 to September 4 in 1980. On the water relations parameters such as original osmotic pressure(${\pi}_0$), osmotic pressure(${\pi}_p$) and relative water content (RWC) at incipient plasmolysis, and Vp/Vo ratio of the volume of osmotic water (Vp) at incipient plasmolysis to total symplasmic water (Vo) basis, the Abies holophylla shoots showed ontogenetically a superior osmoregulation which are closely associated with drought resistance compared with Pinus koraiensis, and the Ginkgo biloba shoots showed the heighest among these three species.

  • PDF

Optimum Conditions for Tobacco Seed Priming by PEG 6000

  • Tai-Gi, Min;Byung-Moon, Seo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.44 no.3
    • /
    • pp.263-266
    • /
    • 1999
  • Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘KF109’) seeds were primed in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) solutions to determine a) what osmotic potential of the solution would be optimal for priming, i.e., critical potential level for preventing germination, and b) what temperature and duration would be the most effective in priming. The germination was completely prevented below -0.8 MPa of PEG 6000, that indicates a optimum water potential for seed priming. Seeds were primed for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively, under the-0.8 MPa PEG 6000 solution to find out the most effective temperature and duration for priming. The effectiveness of priming, particularly in germination speed, was observed more distinctly when the primed seeds were germinated at 15$^{\circ}C$ than 2 5$^{\circ}C$. The greatest reduction of the time to 50% germination (T/sob 50/) was when the seeds were primed at $25^{\circ}C$. The reduction rate of the $T_{50}$ was rapid when primed from 1 day to 8 days and then slowed down in the seeds primed for longer than 8 days. The time from 10 to 90% germination ( $T_{10-90}$ increased in the primed seeds for longer than 8 days which showed the reversed effect of synchronous germination. However, $T_{50}$ was reduced continuously in the seeds even primed over 8 days. Thus, the optimum condition for tobacco seeds priming with PEG 6000 solution was -0.8 MPa in osmotic potential of the solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 8 days.ays.

  • PDF

Effects of Osmoprotectants on the Growth and Nitrogenase Activity of Rhizobium and Azospirillum under Osmotic Stress (질소고정균의 성장과 질소고정력에 대한 osmoprotectant의 영향)

  • Gal, Sang-Wan;Choi, Young-Ju
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.41 no.1
    • /
    • pp.53-59
    • /
    • 1998
  • The Rhizobium and Azospirillum spp. were isolated from the root nodules of several leguminous plants and rhizosphere of various paddy rice varieties. The growth of the nitrogen-fixing strains isolated was largely inhibited in yeast extract-mannitol medium (AMA) containing 0.6 M NaCl. In response to osmotic stress, the nitrogen-fixing strains accumulate intracellular free glutamate. The growth and nitrogenase activity of Rhizobium and Azospirillum were increased by addition of osmoprotectants such as proline, glycine betaine, and glutamate during salt stress. Glycine betaine was the most effective among exogenous osmoprotectants tested. In the absence of sodium chloride, nitrogenase activity seem to be slightly decreased by the presence of the proline or glycine betaine. These results revealed that nitrogenase activity was repressed by fixed nitrogens such as proline or glycine betaine.

  • PDF

Effects of Osmotic and Non-Osmotic Priming Methods for Enhancing Germination of Pepper Seed

  • Kim, Min Geun;Kang, Won Sik;Kim, Du Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2018.10a
    • /
    • pp.87-87
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of osmotic priming, liquid smoke (LS), sonication and modified drum priming treatments to improve the germination speed and uniformity of pepper seeds for high quality export seeds. Seeds were treated in 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10% LS solution only or with 100mM $K_2SO_4$ solution for 6days at $15^{\circ}C$. Sonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at an intensity of 5.2, 10.4, 15.7, 21.0, 26.1kHz in water at $15^{\circ}C$. After sonication treatment, seeds were primed with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ for 4days. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 84, 96 and 108h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26rpm for a modified drum priming treatments. 0.5% LS treatment with water or 100mM $K_2SO_4$ priming showed significant effects with 71% GP (9.0days MGT) and 66% GP (7.4days MGT), respective, while untreated seeds resulted in only 61% GP and 10days MGT. The healthy seed % was increased by 24% by $K_2SO_4$ priming with LS treatment compared to untreated seeds. However, sonication treatment showed less germination or no difference compared to untreated seed, regardless of intensity and treatment time. The modified drum priming treatment (108h incubation after 50% SMC hydration) significantly improved the GP (on the $4^{th}$days after sowing), germination rate (GR), and MGT to 65%, $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and 3.6days, whereas untreated seed resulted only 7% GP, $17%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR and 5.9days MGT. Thus, modified drum priming treatment effectively improved seed germination and is considered as an industrially promising treatment methods considering the shortening of the treatment period and environment-friendly aspects.

  • PDF