• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

In order to search for insulin-like substances from the constituted herbs of Sogal prescriptions, we selected 19 traditional herbs, based on a review of the Donguibogam. The effects of the hot-water extract from the selected herbs on the proliferation and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were tested. The various water-extracts from Pinellia ternata, Magnolia obovata, Rheum palmatum, Acanthopanax sessiliflorun, Atractylodes japonica and Strychnos ignatii inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, did not influence entirely in differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. Treatment of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with the extract from Ephedra sinica, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Scrophularia buergeriana and Sophora flavescens significantly increased the differentiation of the cells. In conclusion, these may contain such compounds that play a role of insulin-like action.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.138-140
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions for efficient in vitro growth of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. shoot derived from shoot tip. Shoots were successfully cultured in MS medium. It was found that $23^{\circ}C{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ were suitable for shoot growth. The growth of shoot was greatly influenced by cytokinins. The shoots derived from shoot tip were well elongated on MS medium supplemented with BA and zeatin. In vitro shoots were very poor or no growing. Especially, 3.0 mg/l BA on MS medium was very effective in elongation of shoot. Root formation from in vitro growth of plant let was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. The results suggest that selection of plant growth regulator could be important factor to achieve an efficient in vitro growth.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.121-135
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to establish and provide reliable information for general public, based on expert consensus, on the risks of misuse of medicinal herbs for food and pure food ingredients for the fetus during pregnancy. Methods: A panelist of seven traditional Korean medicine (TKM) gynecologists responded to a questionnaire summarizing the fetal safety literature for twenty-five medicinal herbs for food and pure food ingredients derived from medicated diet (藥膳, Yaksun) recipes during three online Delphi rounds anonymously. Results: Ginkgonis Semen (Ginkgo nut), Illici Veri Fructus (Star anise), lavender, bitter gourd, and parsley were agreed at the level 1 of "Do not consume". These five ingredients were recognized as having significant risks both in the literature evidence and in expert opinion. Rosemary, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Discoreae Rhizoma, lemongrass, Schisandrae Fructus, Cassiae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus, Mori Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Astragali Radix were agreed at the level 2 of "consultation with TKM practitioner is required". Conclusion: Based on the consensus of a seven-member expert panel of TKM gynecologists, consumption of Ginkgonis Semen (Ginkgo nut), Illici Veri Fructus (Star anise), lavender, bitter gourd, and parsley should be avoided by pregnant women. For Rosemary, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Discoreae Rhizoma, lemongrass, Schisandrae Fructus, Cassiae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus, Mori Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Astragali Radix, the level 2 advisory may be recommended to use with caution and to consult a TKM practitioner for advice on consumption, dose, and duration.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

Objectives : This report describes 36 formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber in Dongeuibogam. Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various diseases. Methods : 36 formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber as a main component which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, etc. Results : 1. 6 formulas are recorded in fatigue chapter, 5 formulas in blood chapter 7 formulas in body shape chapter and fire chapter each which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Enhancing strength and life span herbs are most used in formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber. General fatigue treating herbs, severe bleeding cold, fire moving by yin-deficiency and kidney malfunction treating herbs are following frequency among 25 symptoms in formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber. 3. The dosages of Asparagi Radix which is used same amount Liriopis Tuber are ranged from 2.5 puns~2 jeons. 1 jeon is recorded 13(36.1%), 5 puns is 6(16.7%), 7 puns and 2 jeons are recorded 4(11.1%), the rests are 3(8.3%) used among 36 formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber. 4. The frequencies of Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber have 9(25.0%) in decoctions groups, 27(75.0%) in the other groups except decoctions. So the ratio of decoctions groups to the other groups in being used is about 1:3. Decoction groups are used in enhancing Yin and descending fire, on the other hands the other groups except decoctions are used in well-being in whole life. Conclusions : The 36 formulas including Asparagi Radix and Liriopis Tuber in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Eedong-go, Insamgobon-hwan, Gamri-hwan, Samjae-hwan, Saengjihwang-go, Naebo-hwan, etc.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The concepts of many Korean medicine terms have changed for a long time and cumulatively been recorded in later medicine literatures. And, the same terms have very often been used for different meanings depending on context. Methods : This study was performed so that conceptual magnitude of Korean medicine terms could intuitively be recognized for the purpose of quantization. Results : This study was performed under the premise that terms used in old literatures of Korean medicine are related mostly to treatments that could immediately be reverted to types of medical herbs used. Through this, conceptual magnitude of terms was quantified by the method that frequency of medical herbs used for treatment was changed to numerical values. For this, data of "Compilation of Formulas and Medicinals Addendum" were used. First, after 'specificity' of each medicine herb corresponding to representative disease symptoms was calculated, medians in the set were selected, and 'values of conceptual magnitude' for representative disease symptoms were calculated. Conclusions : As a result, if disease symptoms are diverse, concept range is diachronically changed greatly, and specific disease symptoms of great conceptual difference are included, value of conceptual magnitude was great. Meanwhile, if disease factor and treatment are singular or limited to several types, and many medical herbs with high specificity are used, value of conceptual magnitude was less.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. can be formed as only a few comedons or severe inflammatory lesions. The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors; excessive androgen, excessive sebum production, abnormal alteration of follicular epithelium, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and inflammation. We investigated acne therapy using oriental herbs described in the Korean traditional medical book(Dong-ui-bo-gam). Oriental herbs(Angelica daurica, Arctium lappa, Coptidis rhizoma, and Glycyrrhiza glabra) were chosen based on their respective property of sebum control, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-bacterial activity. We examined the effect of acne treatment, in terms of chemotactic inhibition, lipogenesis inhibition, and anti-bacterial activity for P. acnes. 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis assay; P. acnes secrete chemotactic factors and other pro-inflammatory extracellular products. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of P. acnes was measured by 48-well chemotaxis method. Angelica daurica clearly suppressed chemotactic activity of P. acnes. 2. Using sebaceous gland of hamster ear lipogenesis assay; Sebaceous lipogenesis was measured using ear biopsies by incubation or $C^{14}$-acetate in culture media. The $C^{14}$-labeled lipids were extracted and determined by liquid scintilation counting. Coptidis rhizoma markedly inhibited sebum production. 3. Anti-bacterial assay for P. acnes(MIC test); Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity. P. acnes did not develop resistance against Glycyrrhiza glabra. Retinoids are effectively to inhibit sebum production and regulate follicular keratinization process, with little anti-inflammatory activity. Angelica daurica suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis, Coptidis rhizoma inhibited sebum production, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity against P. acnes. A combined formulation of Angelica daurica, Coptidis rhizoma. and Glycyrrhiza glabra is expected to provide effective acne treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

Objectives : Amnesia is theloss or impairment of memory, caused by physical injury, disease, drugs, or emotional trauma. Recently, the average life span is increasing, while at the same time, the incidence of dementia-like diseases in conjunction with amnesia are also increasing. Therefore learning and memory are very important issues in modern society. Ancient Korean physicians used several herbs to treat dementia and these herbal effects were described in Korean herbal books. Among them are some reports on several cognitive-enhancing herbs which have since been shown to improve dementia in recent pharmacological studies, such as Panax ginseng; however, the facilitatory effects of many Korean cognitive-enhancing herbs on learning and memory are limited. Learning and memory are essential requirements for every living organism in order to cope with environmental demands; cholinergic systems are known to be involved in learning and memory. Methods : In this study, the effects of Acori graminei rhizoma (AGR, 石菖蒲) on learning and memory were investigated by Morris water maze, eight-arm radial maze, and the effects on the central cholinergic system of rats injected with scopolamine. Results : In the water maze, the experimental animals were trained to find a platform in a fixed position for 6 days and then received a 60 sec probe trial in which the platform was removed from the pool on the 7th day. In the eight-arm radial maze, the animals were tested four times per day for 6 days. Scopolamine impaired performance of the maze tests and reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus, which is a marker for the central cholinergic system. There were significant reversals from the scopolamine-induced deficits on learning and memory in these tests, through daily administrations of AGR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) over 14 consecutive days. These treatments also reduced the loss of cholinergic activity in the hippocampus induced by scopolamine. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that AGR ameliorated learning and memory deficits by affecting the central acetylcholine system.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease. can be formed as only a few comedons or severe inflammatory lesions. The pathogenesis of acne involves various factors; excessive androgen, excessive sebum production, abnormal alteration of follicular epithelium, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, and inflammation. We investigated acne therapy using oriental herbs described in the Korean traditional medical book (Dong-ui-bo-gam). Oriental herbs (Angleica daurica. Arctium lappa. Coptidis rhizoma, and glycyrrhiza glabra) were chosen based on their respective property of sebum control, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-bacterial activity. We examined the effect of acne treatment, in terms of chemotactic inhibition, lipogenesis inhibition, and anti-bacterial activity for P. acnes. 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis assay ; P acnes secrete chemotactic factors and other pro-inflammatory extracellular products. Neutrophil chemotactic activity of P. acnes was measured by 48-well chemotaxis method. Angelica daurica clearly suppressed chemotactic activity of P. acens. 2. Using sebaceous gland of hamster ear lipogenesis assay; Sebaceous lipogenesis was measured using ear biopsies by incubation of $C^{14}$ -acetate in culture media. The $C^{14}$ -labeled lipids were extracted and determined by liquid scintilation counting, Coptidis rhizoma markedly inhibited sebum production, 3. Anti-bacterial assay for P. acnes (MIC test) Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity. P. acnes did not develop resistance against Glycyrrhiza glabra. Retinoids are effectively to inhibit sebum production and regulate follicular keratinization process, with little anti-inflammatory activity. Angelica daurica suppressed neutrophil chemotaxis. Coptidis rhizoma inhibited sebum production, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed anti-bacterial activity against P. acnes. A combined formulation of Angelica daurica. Coptidisr hizoma and Glycyrrhiza glabra is expected to provide effective acne treatment.ent.ive acne treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives : Provides research basis on steaming processing method (SPM) as described in literatures 'Roegongpojaron', 'Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam'. Methods : The following issues were considered for current investigation regarding herbal drugs: (i) categorizing SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing periods, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) herbal efficacy, (vii) intrinsic properties and tastes of the herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Result : The number of herbal drugs was 70 species from 'Roegongpojaron', 73 from 'Pojadaebub', and 66 from 'Susajinam'. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol, honey and tofu. The herbal parts of the roots, stem, fruit, and seed were most widely used. Based on herbal efficacy, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most, and a drug eliminating heat followed next. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used. In considering five tastes, herbs showing bitter and sweet tastes were used most. In considering meridian tropism, herbs converging to liver and kidneys were used, and drugs converging to 'Samcho, and gallbladder were not used. Conclusion : The present survey on SPM as described in 'Roegongpojaron', Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam' indicates that there is a principal specialty on the use of supporting materials, steaming periods, steaming parts and efficacy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of natural product-based products for sleep improvement in Korean patents, to enhance the development and application of natural-products for sleep disorder in terms of Korean medicine. Methods: We collected patent data using the KIPRIS database and ScienceON database. Two authors independently screened patents that potentially met the criteria, and assessed full texts of screened patents for eligibility. Included patents were analyzed, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Results: A total of 60 patents were selected 2008-July 2022. The number of patents have been on the rise since 2017, and reached 12 in 2018. Companies have registered the most patents, followed by the Industry-University Cooperation Foundation. Zizyphi semen (n=6), Lactuca sativa L. (n=5), Valeriana fauriei/officinalis (n=4), Poria cocos (n=4) were frequently used herbs among 60 patents. Twenty-one patents (35%) included medicinal herbs with sleep improving effects. Among 60 patents, alcohol extraction (70%) was mostly used, followed by water immersion (50%), and hot water extraction (48.3%). Conclusions: Analysis results showed that various Korean medicine herbs, are being used for natural-products for sleep disorder. The results will be helpful towards inventing new patents using Korean medicine, developing natural product extracts for sleep improvement, and extending the range of these products in clinical use.