• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.232-236
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• 2005

In-situ Air Sparging (IAS, AS) is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants are volatilized into air as it rises from saturated to vadose soil zone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental conditions on the degradation of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and $CO_2$ in the unsaturated zone and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) in saturated zone of sandy loam. In the laboratory, diesel (10,000 mg TPH/kg)-contaminated saturated soil. After heating the soil for 36 days, the equilibrium temperature of soil reached to $34.9{\pm}2.7^{\circ}C$ and TPH concentration was reduced to 78.9% of the initial value, Volatilization loss of VOCs in TPH was about 2%, The reduction gradient of $CO_2$ concentration was 0.018/day in air space and 0.0007/day in unsaturated zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

To find pertinent soil type and maintenance method for artificial planting ground, the effects of soil compositions{sandy loam(S), vermiculite(V), sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS), sandy loam+ carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS), sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)}, and fertilizers (organic, chemical) on plant(kentuckyblue grass) growth were measured and compared from the field experiment. The results are summarized as follows 1. the highest germination rate is found from "vermiculite(V)" and the lowest from "sandy loam(S)" among tested 5 soil compositions. 2. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS)" composition shows the highest plant height growth effect (5cm growth during tested 3 months) comparing to other 4 compositions. 3. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" composition shows the highest ground covering rate after first two months, but it concede its order to "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition after next one month growing. 4. the effects of fertilizers are follows 1) Among the blocks where no fertilizer was tried, the predominant height growth was obvious in "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" and "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition. 2) Among the blocks where chemical fertilizer was tried, relatively positive results were found from "vermiculite(V)" and "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" blocks on germination and growth rate. But on the ground coverage ratio, the effect of "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" composite precede that of those 2 composites. 3) Among the blocks where organic fertilizer was tried, "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" and "vermiculite(V)" blocks show relatively high ground coverage rate, growth rate than others. 4) When compositional differences were not considered, the block where organic fertilizer was tried shows most positive effects on all 3 measurements-germination ratio, height growth and ground covering.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.648-657
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• 2015

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the continuous production and environmental conservation in arable soils. In particular, the decomposition of organic matter in soil might promote soil organic matter and fertility due to the mineralization of N. In this study, to evaluate the effect of organic matter amendment on the C mineralization and N dynamic, $CO_2-C$ flux, extractable N and $N_2O$ emission were determined using closed chamber for 4 weeks at 10, 15, $20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature after the mixture of $2Mgha^{-1}$ rice straw compost and rye in sandy loam and clay loam. Regardless of soil texture, decomposition rates of rice straw compost and rye at $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature ranged from 0.9 to 3.8% and 8.8 to 20.3%, respectively. Rye application in soil increased $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ content as well as the $N_2O$ emission compared to the rice straw compost. After incubation for 4 weeks, total C content in two soils was higher in rice straw compost than in rye application. In conclusion, application of rice straw compost and rye to soil was able to improve the soil organic matter and fertility. However, organic matter including the recalcitrant compounds like rice straw compost would be effective on the management of soil organic matter and the reduction of greenhouse gases in soil.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 1988

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of soil texture, organic matter, temperature and water regime on degradation of pretilachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(n-propoxyethyl) acetanilide) in the soils. The period of residual activity in soil treated with pretilachlor at rate of 60g a.i./10a was about 50 days. Also, period of reaching GR 50 value on the barnyard grass was about $25{\sim}27$ days. Degradation rate of pretilachlor in the sandy clay loam soil which has higher contents of organic matter and clay was faster than in the sandy loam soil. When organic matter was added to the soil, the rate of decomposition was accelerated. The faster degradation occurred under the $30^{\circ}C$ soil temperature by comparison under the $20^{\circ}C$. The rate of degradation in the soil was faster under the flooded conditions than under the wetted conditions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-43
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• 2012

Various methods are used to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals or petroleum. In recent years, harsh physical and chemical remediation methods are being used to increase remediation efficiency, however, such processes could affect soil properties and degrade the ecological functions of the soil. Effects of soil washing, thermal desorption, and land farming, which are the most frequently used remediation methods, on the physicochemical properties of remediated soil were investigated in this study. For soils smaller than 2 mm, the soil texture were changed from sandy clay loam to sandy loam because of the decrease in the clay content after soil washing, and from loamy sand to sandy loam because of the decrease in the sand content and increase in silt content during thermal desorption, however, the soil texture remained unchanged after land farming process. The water-holding capacity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen concentration of the tested soil decreased after soil washing. A change in soil color and an increase in the available phosphate concentration were observed after thermal desorption. Exchangeable cations, total nitrogen, and available phosphate concentration were found to decrease after land farming; these components were probably used by microorganisms during as well as after the land farming process because microbial processes remain active even after land farming. A study of these changes can provide information useful for the reuse of remediated soil. However, it is insufficient to assess only soil physicochemical properties from the viewpoint of the reuse of remediated soil. Potential risks and ecological functions of remediated soil should also be considered to realize sustainable soil use.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.B
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• pp.201-208
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• 2007

This paper is research results of investigating the elastic settlement behavior of the coastal caisson structure built on the sandy deposit by comparing results of centrifuge model experiments and those of existing methods of estimating elastic settlement. Basic soil property tests such as specific gravity test, grain size distribution test and organic content test with disturbed soil sampled from the site were carried out. The centrifuge experiment of model satisfying the required design criteria was performed under 50 of artificial accelerated gravitational force condition. The Centrifuge model experimental results were compared and analyzed with the current methods of estimating settlement based on the elastic modulus obtained from the results of odeometer tests and empirical methods from literature reviews.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of three land uses on soil properties in two soil layers; surface soil (0~15 cm) and subsoil (15~30 cm). Soil samples were collected from planted forest, barren lands and cultivated lands from different areas in Chittagong Cox's Bazar and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Results showed that soil textural class varied from sandy clay loam in planted forest and barren land site to sandy loam in cultivated soils. Maximum water holding capacity was higher in forest followed by barren land and the lowest in cultivated lands. At both soil depths, soils of cultivated land showed the highest values of bulk density (1.42 to $1.50g\;cm^{-3}$), followed by barren lands (1.37 to $1.46g\;cm^{-3}$) and the least (1.32 to $1.45g\;cm^{-3}$) in forest soils. Total porosity decreased with depth ranging from 40.24% to 41.53% in subsoils and from 42.04 to 43.23% in surface soil of cultivated and of planted forest sites respectively. The result further revealed that organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were higher in the planted forest soil than in other two land uses. The soils of all land uses under study are acidic in nature and the lowest pH was found in both surface and subsoils of barren land. Cultivated soil contained the highest amount of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both surface soil and subsoils. In contrast, barren site had the lowest contents of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both layers. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N storage were higher in planted forest than in barren and cultivated land uses.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 1982

The characteristics of the six different agricultural soil from Michigan were as follows. Colwood and Capac soil were loam, Gilford and Ceresco were sandy clay loam, Sission was clay loam, and Spinks was sandy loam. pH of Gilford sandy clay loam was 6.6 whereas that of the soil ranged $5.4{\sim}5.9$. Gilford sandy loam found to contain a relatively higher amount of organic matters as compared to other soils. Furthermore, the numbers of bacteria in Gilford sandy clay loam were significantly higher than those in other soils. The populations of fungi in Gilford sandy clay loam and Colwood loam soils were significantly greater than those in other soils. On the other hand, the densities of actinomycetes in Gilford sandy clay loam and Ceresco sandy clay loam soils were significantly different from those in other soils. The population of anaerobic bacteria varied depending on the soils; Ceresco sandy clay loam, Capac loam, Colwood loam soils have higher numbers of bacteria, whereas Gilford sandy clay loam was very lesser than the other soils. In the $^{14}C-glucose$ respiration by soil microorganisms after 10 hrs, the respiration rate was decreasing in the order of Ceresco sandy clay loam, Spinks sandy loam, Colwood loam, Sission clay loam, Capac loam and Gilford sandy clay loam. Germination of test propagules on natural soil soil was $0{\sim}5%$, and it was germinated $90{\sim}98%$ on autoclaved soil and PDA. The propagules differed in thier germination response to nutrients added to the soils. In general, more nutrients were required to promote germination on Capac loam and Gilford sandy loam soil than Spinks sandy loam soil. Especially Mortierella n. sp. required more nutrients for germination to obtain the same ratio as Helminthosporium victoriae.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 1998

This study was initiated to investigate the applicability of the dredged soil from agricultural reservoirs on the crop cultivation. Four reservoirs were selected for this experiment, and properties of the dredged soils were analyzed physically and chemically. Soil textures were sandy loam(SL), silty loam(SiL), gravelly loam(GL), graveHy silty loam(GSiL), respectively. General chemical components, organic matter contents, main cations, heavy metals, etc. showed no adverse effects on crop growth. Tomato, cucumber, radish, Chinese cabbage were cultivated during 8 months period, in the soil treated with fertilizer and compost(Tmt.1), fertilizer(Tmt.2), compost(Tmt.3) and none (Tmt.4). Data for plant height, root zone depth and crop yield were collected and analyzed, and the yield for most crops showed increase as Tmt.1 >Tmt.2>Tmt.3>Tmt.4 by fertilizing methods, and as GL>GSiL>SL>SiL by soil textures. From the results, the crop cultivation using dredged soil was considered to be effective, due to its soil texture, organic matter content and fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2018

This study was to evaluate the effect of organic amendments incorporation on soil properties and plant growth under two different soil salinity levels and various cultivated crops at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for three years from 2012 to 2014. The soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam. Four different crops, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora), sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor-Sorghum sudanense), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were cultivated at low (< $1dS\;m^{-1}$) and high (> $4dS\;m^{-1}$) soil salinity levels. The soil salinity was significantly lowered at the rice cultivation site compared to continuous upland crops cultivation site in high soil salinity level. But the soil salinity was increased as cultivating sesbania coutinuously in low soil salinity level. The soil organic matter content was increased with the incorporation of straw at the continuous site of rice and barley, and the average of soil organic matter was increased by $0.9g\;kg^{-1}$ per year which was effective in soil aggregate formation. The highest biomass yield plot was found in barley (high salinity level) and sesbania (low salinity level) cultivation site, respectively. Our research indicates that rice cultivation in paddy field with high salinity level was effective in lowering soil salinity and sesbania cultivation was useful to biomass production at upland with low salinity. In conclusion, soil salinity and organic matter content should be considered for multiple land use in newly reclaimed tidal land.