• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1996

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the effects of organic reserves on winter survial or regrowth yield. Forage rape (Brussicu napus L.) was sown at 10 day> interval from Sep. I to Nov. 1. Field-grown palnts were sampled on the before wintering (Dec. 4) and on the wintering period (Jan. 16) to analyze the nitrogen and non-structural cahohydrate reserves. The rate of winter survival and regrowth yield were also measured in the spring of next year. On the before wintering, the dry matter yields from the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep.11 and Sep. 21 were 860, 596 and 260 kg/lOa, respectively. No. harvest was canied out on the plots sown after Oct. 1 because the growth state was not enough to cut. Both of nitrogen and starch contents per plant significantly increased as the seeding date was later. On the wintering period, the contents of nitrogen reserves in roots were 176.8. 120.1, 71.7, 84.0, 72.1, 45.3 and 33.3 mg/plant, those of starch reserves were 199.0. 55.8, 21.8, 92.6, 86.5, 36.4 and 29.0 mglplant, resepctively, in the plots sown on Sep. 1, Sep. 11, Sep. 21, Oct. I, Oct. 11, Oct. 21 and Nov. 1. The rates of winter survival were 40, 36, 33, 85, 87, 59 and 49% and regrowth yields were 161, 86, 65, 520, 451, 121 and 33 kgD.M/lOa, respectively, in each plots. 'Ihese results clearly showed that seeding date has a close influence on the level of organic reserves and forage yield, and that the possibility of continuous utilization on the before and alter wintering is extremely limited by seeding date.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2002

In order to supply 85% of total organic feed in ruminants and 80% in non-ruminants for organic animal production, nitrogen fixation ability of legume should be used in domestic roughages production. 50% of Europe organic farmer use intercropping legume in as green manure. This article is dealing with amount of biologically fixed nitrogen used by legumes and methods for estimating the transfer of biologically fixed N in rotation and separating the N benefit into fixed N and non-fixed N components are reviewed. Available data indicate that transfer amount of N to non legumes was from 50∼9.6(kg/ha) in legume-cereal rotations and proportion of legume N varied with seasons, 90% in summer, 50% in autumn. The important point in cropping system for legumes have to be included for organic forage production 6 year rotation is based on pasture system of 3 year pasture + 2 year annual(com, sudangrass), again pasture. Rye, barly and Italian ryegrass+legumes(vetch, crimson and pea) can be one of option in spring, com, soybean, sudangrass and Japanese bamyard millet would be seeded after spring harvest in the field. Farmer can make good use of rice paddy field as forge production potential area after harvesting rice. Italian, burly and rye+vetch and crimsonclover may be grown in autumn or spring time at the rice field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 환경오염을 감소시키고 유기축산물의 생산에 기여할 수 있는 유기조사료를 효율적으로 생산하기 위해 대표적인 동계작물인 청보리에 콩과 사료작물의 혼파와 발효우분을 시용하여 생산성과 사료가치를 평가하고, 토양의 지력 향상과 가축분뇨의 자원화를 위한 가축분뇨의 적정시용수준을 구명하여 단위면적당 유기한우 사육능력을 추정하고자 하였다. 콩과 사료작물의 혼파에 따른 평균 청보리의 건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 5.09~5.21, 0.48~0.51 및 3.19~3.21 톤/ha으로 단파로 재배했을 경우의 4.28, 0.38 및 2.8톤/ha 보다 유의하게 증가하였으나 혼파구 간에는 차이가 없었고, 발효우분의 질소시용수준이 증가함에 따라 청보리의 평균건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 무비구(3.97, 0.37 및 2.56 톤/ha)에 비해 100~150 kg N/ha (5.23~5.76, 0.49~0.54 및 3.28~3.55)에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 콩과사료작물의 혼파에 따른 조단백질과 ADF 함량은 헤어리베치 혼파구(각각 9.7과 34.5%) >사료용 완구 혼파구(각각 9.3과 33.0%) >청보리의 단파구(각각 8.7과 30.5%) 순으로 유의하게 낮아졌으며 우분 질소시용수준에 따른 청보리의 조단백질 함량과 NDF 함량은 처리수준 간 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았지만 ADF 함량은 시용수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고 TDN 함량은 반대로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 콩과 사료작물의 혼파에 따른 청보리에 의한 유기한우 사육능력(체중 450 kg, 400 g 일당증체 목표)은 평균 2.62~2.72두로 유의하게 증가하였고. 발효우분 질소시용수준이 증가됨에 따라 청보리에 의한 유기한우 사육능력은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 청보리 재배 시 콩과 사료 작물의 혼파 하였을 경우에는 단파재배 보다 발효우분의 질소시용수준을 ha 당 50 kg 이상 줄이면서도 건물수량을 포함한 생산성과 유기한우 사육능력 증대는 물론 조단백질 함량 등 사료가치를 향상을 시켜 한우 사양 시 조사료자원의 다양화 뿐 아니라 저투입에 의한 고품질 조사료 생산으로 유기축산물 생산에 크게 기여하리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.125-129
• /
• 1994

A field survey was carried out in Korea to assess the mineral composition of rice straw since it is a cheap and available cattle feedstuff. Forage and soil samples were collected in 4 localities in the Kyongbuk province. Soil analysis were also carried out in order to establish the relationships between soil composition and mineral content in the rice straw. Based on NRC tables, the rice straw samples provided adequate amounts of Mg, Ca, K, S, Mo, Mn and Zn. Percentages of samples deficient in P, Na, Cu and Se were 83, 50, 67 and 83 respectively. Soil samples, whose mean pH was 5.8 and mean organic matter content was 3.99%, were comparatively acidic and had high organic matter content. They also had high amounts of extractable Fe and Mn. Correlation coefficients between mineral content in soil and rice straw were low, i.e., 0.42 for Me (p < 0.05), and 0.37 for Mo (p < 0.05). The low or nonexistent correlation between soil and forage composition indicates the difficulty of establishing appropriate methods of mineral availability to the plants.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 2011

The performance of grass filter strips (GFS) in abating $PO_4$-P concentrations from the forage cropland was tested in an experiment on the 10% slope in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) from October 2007 to September 2009. Forage croplands with rye-corn double cropping system applied with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure (LM) were compared in a natural condition. The plots were hydrologically isolated Main plots consisted of the length of GFS, such as 0m, 5m, 10m and 15m. Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), composted cattle manure (CCM) and composted swine manure (CSM). Concentrations of PO4-P in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. Especially, GFS with 10m and 15m reduced $PO_4$-P concentrations significantly compared to that with 0m and 5m (p<0.05). The results from this study suggest that GFS improved the removal and trapping $PO_4$-P from forage croplands.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2010

최근에 청보리 사일리지는 국내에서 가장 많이 이용하는 조사료이지만 유기축산을 위한 유기조사료의 생산과 품질에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 시험은 유기 청보리 사일리지의 적정 수확시기를 구명하고, 사일리지 품질 향상을 위하여 예건과 싸라기를 첨가하여 사일리지를 평가하였다. 시험구 배치는 12처리 3반복의 분할구 배치법으로 주구는 수확시기로 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기를 두었으며, 세구는 무처리, 예건, 싸라기 10%, 싸라기 15%를 두었다. 수확시 건물함량은 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 12.8%, 21.9% 및 29.8%로 증가하였다. 청보리의 건물수량은 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 10,346, 15,819 및 18,336 kg/ha였으며, TDN 수량은 6,288, 9,550 및 10,178 kg/ha였다. 유기 사일리지의 pH는 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 4.70, 4.03 및 5.37로 유숙기가 가장 낮았다. 청보리의 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 조단백질, 조지방, NFC 및 TDN 함량은 감소하였으나, NDF 및 ADF 함량은 증가하였다. 그러나 조회분 함량은 유숙기가 가장 낮았다. 사일리지의 예건과 싸라기의 첨가는 조회분, NDF 및 ADF 함량을 감소시키고, NFC와 TDN 함량은 증가시켰다. 사일리지의 건물소화율은 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하였으며, 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의하여 건물소화율이 증가하였다. 유숙기가 다른 수확시기보다 젖산과 총유기산 함량은 높고 낙산 함량이 낮아 총유기산 중 젖산함량이 가장 높았다. 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의한 젖산 함량 증가 효과는 출수기가 다른 수확기보다 효과가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유기 청보리 사일리지 제조를 위한 수확적기는 유숙기 이었으며, 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의하여 청보리 사일리지의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.701-710
• /
• 2013

하천부지에서 청보리와 월년생 두과작물을 혼파하여 사초 생산성과 토양 특성을 조사하였다. 안산천 하천부지에서는 청보리와 헤어리베치의 혼파조합이 다른 조합보다 건물 및 TDN 수량이 많았다. 그러나 수확 시 건물률은 청보리 단파가 가장 높았으며, 혼파조합 중에서는 청보리와 크림손클로버 조합이 다른 조합보다 높았다. 혼파조합의 조단백질 함량은 청보리와 헤어리베치 조합이 가장 높았으나 조지방과 TDN 함량은 가장 낮았다. 조사료 생산에 포함된 수질오염물질의 제거량은 청보리와 헤어리베치 조합이 유기물과 인산 모두에서 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 안산천에서 청보리 혼파조합의 토양특성은 질소 고정능력이 우수한 청보리와 헤어리베치 조합이 다른 조합보다 토양의 전질소(TN) 함량이 높았다. 반면 토양의 유기물 함량은 청보리 단파가 가장 많고, 혼파조합 중에서는 청보리와 크림손 클로버 조합이 유기물 함량이 높았다. 토양의 유효인산 함량은 청보리와 크림손 클로버 및 유채 조합이 높고, 청보리와 헤어리 베치 조합은 낮았다. 토양의 CEC 함량은 청보리와 헤어리 베치 조합은 우수하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 청보리와 헤어리베치 조합이 사초 생산성이 우수하고, 조단백질 함량이 높고, 토양의 인산 함량이 낮아 하천변의 환경개선에도 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2004

Farmers need timely information on the nutritional status of their animals and the nutritive value of pastures and supplementary feeds if they are to apply successfully this existing nutritional information. Near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy has been used over the last forty years to analyse accurately protein, fiber, and other organic components in animal foods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and non-polluting technology. When properly calibrated, NIR spectroscopy is used successfully with both concentrate and forage feeds. NIR methods predict in vitro digestibility accurately and precisely, and can predict in vivo digestibility at least as well as conventional "wet chemistry" methods such as in vivo digestion or the pepsin-cellulase method, and much more rapidly. NIR technology has been applied to the routine monitoring (through analysis of feces samples) of the nutritional status of cattle and other grazing animals. This report reviews the use of near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy to monitor the nutritive value of animal feeds and the nutritional status of grazing animals.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 1995

To select a carrier as Rhizobiwn inoculants for alfalfa, severeal Rhizobium inoculants were produced by adding or not sub-materials($CaCO_3$ and sucrose) to main materials(organic or inorganic materials). The root nodule bacteria, Rhizobium meliloti 1061 distributed from KAIST, and Vemal alfalfa was used in this experiment. The Rhizobium populations and inoculation effects of the Rhizobium inoculants produced in several materials were scrutinized at laboratory and greenhouse in Livestock Experiment Station, RDA from 1993 to 1994. Moisture contents of the caniers were varied from 32 to 50% on dry weight basis according to material characteristics and the pH ranges of these were varied from pH 4.56 to 10.06 according to raw material characteristics and preparations. Initial Rhizobium numbers of the carriers were higher in organic material-inoculants than in inorganic, and among the inoculants, the inoculant made of Bentonite+Vermiculite(l:3 w/w) was excellent because of high rhizobium population($7.8~8.3\times10^8/g$ inoculant) and high rhizobium reappearance of inoculant in severed different production time. The root nodules of the alfalfa inoculated with different inoculants were fast formed in the fermented sawdust with cattle dung (FSC) inoculant, and bentonite(B)+vermiculite(V) than others. Plant length of alfalfa was differentiated on 15 days after inoculation but was not nearly different between higher inoculants than rhizobium number $10^7/g$ inoculant. Total dry matter of alfalfa was yielded by 20.65, 20.34mg per pot in FSC + sucrose 0.5% and B + V + sucrose 1% inoculants respectively that were higher inoculation effect by 17 times compared with non-inoculation, 1.2 mg per pot.