• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1995

The antibacterial and antifungal effect of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) was investigated for its purpose of application to a diverse spectrum of field as sanitizers, disinfectants and preservatives. GFSE showed coparatively high content of such flavoniods as naringin and hesperidin and ascorbic acid. GFSE containing a low level of organic acids is a heavy viscous and water-soluble liquid. As a result of the antimicrobial test of GFSE, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae did not survive at detectable levels when treated with more than 100 ppm of GFSE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of GFSE for a wide variety of pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria, fungi and yeasts were 100 ppm and 250 ppm, respectively. In the comparable electron micrograph of microbial cells treated with GFSE or not, we could conclude that GFSE destroy microorganisms by disrupting the functions of the cell wall membrane and microbial spores.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

In result of analysis for the content determination of ursolic acid(UA) and oleanolic acid(OA) in extract of Eriobotryae folium using HPLC with UV detector, UA in chloroform extract of Moo-mok variety was showed highest content(2.7843 mg/g). And OA in ethyl acetate extract of Dae-bang variety was showed highest content(0.5898 mg/g). These result suggest that direct extraction using organic solvent(chloroform or ethyl acetate) was useful method for rapid quantitative analysis of UA and OA without preprocessing such as drying or fractionation.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the basic mycelial culture conditions for Poria cocos growth. According to colony diameter and mycelial density, suitable media for mycelial growth were Malt yeast extract, Potato dextrose agar, Yeast extract agar, and Yeast malt agar. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was between 25 and $35^{\circ}C$, and the optimum pH value was between 4 and 7. Carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and yeast extract. The optimum C/N ratio was about 10 to 1 with 2% glucose. Other minor components for optimal growth were thiamine-HCl and nicotinamide as vitamins, acetic and lactic acid as organic acids, and $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ as mineral salts.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2001

The ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf was fractionated by various organic solvents, and their antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were investigated against several microorganisms. The ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf at two thousand $\mu\textrm{g}$ per disc showed 17~21mm inhibition zone against Gram postive and Gram negative bacteria. Among the various solvent fractions from ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf, the hexane fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hexane fraction was 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Bacillus cereus, 250~500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Listeria monocytogenes, 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, the hexane and chloroform fraction had the similar antioxidative activity compared to that of butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1976

인삼의 메탄을 추출물을 몇 가지 유기용매를 사용하여 여러 분획으로 나누어서 이 분획들이 아미노아실-tRNA 합성효소의 활동성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 백삼과 홍삼에 모두 아미노아실-합성효소의 활동성에 양성적인 효과를 나타내는 분획을 얻었다. 백삼의 경우에는 전체 메탄을 추출물에 그 성분이 있으며, 홍삼의 경우에는 메탄 올 추출물을 에테르로 추출한 분획에 그 성분이 있었다. 그러므로 이 효소에 양성적인 효과를 미치는 성분은 다소 무극성인 물질일 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2016

Understanding N mineralization dynamics in soil is essential for efficient nutrient management. An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to examine N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate of the organic amendments with different C:N ratio in paddy soil. Inorganic N in the soil sample was measured periodically under three temperature conditions ($20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$) for 90 days. N mineralization was accelerated as the temperature rises by approximately $10%^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in average. Negative correlation ($R^2=0.707$) was observed between soil inorganic N and C:N ratio, while total organic carbon extract ($R^2=0.947$) and microbial biomass C ($R^2=0.824$) in the soil were positively related to C:N ratio. Single exponential model was applied for quantitative evaluation of N mineralization process. Model parameter for N mineralization rate, k, increased in proportion to temperature. N mineralization potential, $N_p$, was very different depending on C:N ratio of organic input. $N_p$ value decreased as C:N ratio increased, ranged from $74.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a low C:N ratio (12.0 in hairy vetch) to $15.1mg\;kg^{-1}$ in a high C:N ratio (78.2 in rice straw). This result indicated that the amount of inorganic N available for crop uptake can be predicted by temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendment. Consequently, it is suggested that the amount of organic fertilizer application in paddy soil would be determined based on temperature observations and C:N ratio, which represent the decomposition characteristics of organic amendments.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was conducted to examine the effect of Cudraniae Tricuspidatae Radix(CTR), which is the radix part of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, on cytokine secretion from the joint cells and spleen cells of mice with arthritis induced by collagen and verify its efficacy against rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Three kinds of extract were prepared from CTR through extraction with hot-water and ethanol. The levels of cytokine secreted from the cells were measured, after the mice knee joint cells were cultured with each extract. Results : The three kinds of extracts from CTR decreased the growth rate and levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ from knee joint cells of mice. All of the organic-soluble fraction, such as hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and residual water-soluble fraction decreased the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-10. Conclusion : These results suggest that CTR had some effects on rheumatitis, with fat and water-solubles in organic solvent considered as the effective element.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1982

This studies were conducted to investigate the changes of saponin pattern, pH and organic acid contents of malt wort added ginseng components during alcoholic fermentation by Sacch. uvarum. The results are as follows. Saponin patterns of fermented wort were same as that of the non- fermented wort, but the weight of former was decreased comparing to that of the latter. pH value of fermented wort contained 0.1∼0.5% of ginseng extract were almost same as that of control(PH 4.23). Lactate, pyruvate, succinate and fumarate, pyroglutarate and citrate contents of the fermented wort were increased by the addition of ginseng extract and pyruvate content, particularly, was increased from 28.4 to 214mg/100 ml while that of control was 33.2mg/100m1. Citrate content of fermented wort contained ginseng saponin was almost same as control (37. 5mg/100m1) . But pyruvate content was tower 4-8.6mg/100m1 than that of control(33.2mg/100m1) .

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

친환경농자재 11종을 대상으로 황색참다래 과실무름병에 대한 항균활성 검정결과 SS (B. subtilis 10%), WS (Microbial extract 70%), DS (Sulfur 78%) 3종을 선발하였다. SS, WS, DS를 PDA 배지에 10일 동안 처리 시 B. dothidea의 균사 생장 저해 정도는 각각 94.2%, 65.2%, 58.9%였다. 선발 친환경농자재를 이용한 저장시험에서 WS와 SS가 병 방제 효과가 좋았다. 포장시험에서는 SS와 WS 단독 처리, DS-WS와 WS-SS 교호처리가 효과적이었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

남은 음식물을 갈아 액상으로 만든 기질을 이용하여 생효모를 함유한 생균제제사료(probiotics)를 생산하기 위해 효모의 호기적 액상발효를 시도하였다. 기질의 영양조성의 최적화를 위해 미리 진탕배양한 결과를 토대로 액상의 남은 음식물 기질에 우레아($0.5g/{\ell}$), 당밀($4g/{\ell}$), O-phosphate($0.4g/{\ell}$), yeast extract($1g/{\ell}$)를 첨가하여 2리터 용량의 발효기를 이용하여 Kluyveromyces marxianus와 Aspersillus. oryzae를 접종하여 통기발효 시킨 결과 12시간 내에 $1.4{\times}10^{10}/liter$의 생균효모농도를 얻을 수 있었다.