• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.667-682
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• 2014

The effects of liquid pig manure (LM) on the yield and quality of rice as well as soil chemical properties were determined in the field of sandy loam soil under the different fertilizer management. Treatments consisted of 100%, 130% and 160% N application rates of liquid manure as calculated on the basis of the recommended rate of nitrogen (9 kg N/10a) for rice cultivation. Chemical fertilizer (CF) was used as control. Concentrations of T-N and T-P in paddy water were measured by 5-day intervals up to 20days after application. LM treatments significantly increased T-N concentrations in paddy water proportionally with increasing rates of LM (13.2 to 25.7 mg/L). Similarly Total-P content in paddy water was increased right after LM applications but was well below the quality standard of wastewater and manure. Plant height and tillers in 100% and 130% N LM treatments were lower than those in CF control. In the 160% LM treatment, however, plant height and numbers of tillers were higher than those in the CF control. Yields in 100% LM and 160% LM plots were decreased by 3 and 5%, respectively, as compared with 422 kg per 10a in the CF plot. Rice protein contents were similar between 100% LM and CF control (about 6.8%) but it was increased to 7.2% and 7.7% in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments, respectively. Toyo-taste value in the 100% LM treatment was higher than in CF control plot. The proportions of perfect grain of the brown rice were lower in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments than that in CF control. Soil organic matter content, heavy metal and exchangeable cations were highest in the 160% LM plot. Thus considering yield and quality of rice and heavy metals contents in soil, 130% N basal application of liquid manure can be recommended for rice cultivation in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1987

We have examined to evaluate the taste compounds of damchi-jeotguk(concentrated sea mussel extract) which is a kind of traditional processed sea food in Korea. The contents of such compounds as free amino acids, nucleotides their and related compounds, non-volatile organic acid and fatty acid composition were analyzed. The content of total free amino acids was 10520.5mg/100g on dry basis and the major ones were glycine, arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. These amino acids were resulted as 55.7% of total free amino acids in damchi-jeotguk. Hypoxanthine was the highest content($8.77\;{\mu}mole/g$, dry basis) of nucleotides and their related compounds. Free amino acid-N was the most abundant, resulting 53.3% of extractive nitrogen which was 3490.2mg/100g on dry basis and next ammonia-N, nucleotide-N and TMAO-N in order. The major non-volatile organic in damchi-jeotguk were succinic acid(125.5mg/100g, dry basis) and lactic acid 91.9mg/100g, dry basis). In this fatty acid composition of total lipid, polyenoic acid was abundant holding 45.5%. The major fatty acids were 16 : 0, 18 : 2, 22 : 6, 18 : 1 and 20 : 5. It was concluded from the omission test and chemical analysis that the major taste compounds of damchi-jeotguk were free amino acids and non-volatile organic acids.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop the manufacturing method of biochar using pruned stems of pear tree and its application effect on the crop growth and soil physico-chemical properties. In this study, biochar derived from pruned stems of pear tree at heating temperature of $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$ in heating times of 2, 3 and 4 hours, were tested in the changes of their chemical properties during biochar processing. The pH, Exch. K, Exch. Mg and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased during the production of biochar, and the change of these properties rapidly occurred at $500^{\circ}C$. However, as the pyrolysis temperature increased, ash content increased and total carbon (T-C), yield decreased. And the change of the properties in response to the heating time was not shown. It was thought that it would be desirable to set the production conditions of biochar at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in consideration of the change of chemical properties and the ash content and yield. And also, were conducted the experiments to establish manufacturing method of farm-made biochar using drum biochar manufacturing machine and investigate the application effects of biochar on the cultivation of chinese cabbage and tomato. Application of biochar derived from pruned stems of pear tree could enhance pH, organic matter (OM), total carbon (T-C) of soil. On the other hand, soil electrical conductivity (EC), NO3-N were lowered compared to the control which has no application. The bulk density, porosity and aggregate formation of soil were improved by biochar application. The fresh matter yields of chinese cabbage and tomato were significantly increased in proportion to the application rate of biochar. This study demonstrated the effect of the biochar derived from agricultural byproduct to be as a low cost potential soil ameliorant by physico-chemical properties in eco-friendly greenhouse cultivation.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1998

This paper was performed to estimate interrelations between humus level of sediments and nutrient release from sediments in Dae-cheong reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October, in 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong reservoir. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosities of sediments, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and nutrient release rates. Water contents and porosities were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size trait. Weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For determination of the humus level of sediments, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured by elemental analyzer. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of $3.0\~13.1$. From the elemental analysis, humus level of Dae-cheong reservoir sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligotrophic state. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentrations of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. By using the concentration difference between interstitial water and overlying water and using the Fick's diffusion law, the release rates of phosphorus and nitrogen from the sediment samples were calculated. Release rates of nutrients which directly influence to the water quality were $0.05\~8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99\~36.56mgP/m^2day$. It was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling period than in the 2nd sampling period. For the determination of phosphorus content in sediment, TPs were measured in 807\~1542{\mu}g/g$ in the 1st samling period and $677\~5238{\mu}g/g$ in the End samling period. Phosphorus release rate and phosphorus content were not interrelated each other.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.293-303
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the direction or orientation of clay particle movement in argillic horizons (Bt) for clarifying the soil classification of soils. Soil samples were collected from 22 soil series containing Bt horizons. Physical and chemical characteristics and mineral and chemical compositions of clay in the soils were analyzed. Micoromorphological characteristics of the Bt horizons were also investigated with thin sections of the natural undisturbed and oriented soil samples. Average clay content in the Bt horizons was 28% and 1.33 times higher comparing to that in the surface layer. Soil pH was higher, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content were lower in Bt horizon than those in the surface layer. There was an evidence of clay accumulation in Bt horizons of all soil series examined except Bangog series. Although there was an increase of clay content in the horizons in Bangog series, the clay was not originated from illuviation process. The translocation of clay was in the order of an 2:1 expandable clay minerals > 2:1 non-expandable clay minerals > 1:1 clay minerals. The illuvial substances in argillic horizon were composed with clay, amorphous iron and opaque mineral. The micoromorphological features of Bt horizon were void coating, channel infilling and grain coating. There was an apparent boundary between clay coating and the groundmass in residuum and colluvium, but Bt horizon of alluvium was composed of a skew plane amputated by the physical operation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.784-790
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• 2013

The quality characteristics of Campbell grape juice with different extraction processes (AE; autoclave extraction, HWE: hot water extraction, and EE: enzyme extraction) were investigated. The juice yields of the AE, HWE, and EE juices were 79.8%, 82.3% and 92.6%, respectively. The titratable acidity and soluble solids of the EE juice were significantly higher than those of the other extracts. There was no significant difference in the $L^*$ values of the juices, but the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the EE juice were higher than those of the other extracts. The viscosity of the HWE and EE juices was higher than that of the AE juice. The major free sugars in the grape juice were identified as glucose and fructose, and the highest organic acid content was found in the EE juice. The total polyphenol content of the EE juice was 55.7 mg% and was higher than those of the AE and HWE juices, which were 31.3 mg% and 39.5 mg%, respectively. Especially, the anthocyanin content of the EE juice was 22.1 mg%, which was two to four times higher than those of the AE and HWE juices, which were 4.5 mg% and 10.5 mg%, respectively. The EE juice showed the highest antioxidant effect, measured from the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In conclusion, we suggest that the enzyme treatment in the grape extraction was more effective than the autoclave and hot water methods.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

There are 82 dental hygiene departments and clinical training institutes across the country with a very wide range of clinical practice content and evaluation methods, making standardization difficult. Therefore, there is a need to establish a standard protocol outlining clinical practice content and evaluation methods for systematic and efficient operation of clinical practice. Thus, this study attempted to propose such a protocol for standardization of dental hygiene clinical practice in dental clinics and hospitals to examine the contents of clinical practice by reviewing relevant literature, and relating it to professional practice within the dental hygienic curriculum to facilitate enhancement of expertise. Clinical practice content was extracted from 74 cases, and was consisted of classifying mandatory and optional clinical practice, training time, and activity methods for each component. To standardize effective clinical practice, it is necessary to organize the components acquired in the course of clinical dentistry training in line with their arrangement on each university's curriculum, in order to learn all components step by step. To do this, it is necessary to present a standardized clinical practice protocol and a organic cooperation between educational institutions and clinical training institutions.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.215-230
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• 2014

This study aim to do observation to 1) Trajectory of cognitive-cultural economy growth with regional historical context, 2) Spatial, cultural and social change caused by cognitive-culture economy growth, and 3) Draw the meaning of the change in glocalizational view. They said that 'Creativity' has been related with spatial, economical, cultural and social change and it leads to new economical system, what we call 'Cognitive-cultural economy'. It is the important event which is to affect economic geography and local development greatly. New cultural changes are characterized by variations from abstract discourse to concrete reality and show the emphasis on real project specific in the region. Further more, possibility of local development in the glocalization found in the specific form of cultural content, for example, Korean Wave. New media environment changes that include SNS function not only interact each other in space but also expand the scope of local units and cultural content to the world. In order to enhance the further development of local content, it will require conjunction with space and specific region, variety of organic link between the principal participants, and building infrastructure for future development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1784-1791
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• 2016

Garlic was subjected to eight different cooking methods (raw, boiling, steaming, microwave cooking, deep-frying, oven-roasting, pan-frying, and pan-roasting) utilized for typical Korean cuisine. Garlic was analyzed for antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties to elucidate effects of cooking. Garlic cooked at higher temperatures showed significantly lower lightness and higher yellowness (P<0.001). In particular, deep-frying and pan-frying resulted in lowest lightness and soluble solid content, indicating that non-enzymatic browning reactions were more facilitated. Compared with raw garlic, all cooked garlic tended to have lower thiosulfinates, presumably due to decomposition into polysulfides and/or leaching into cooking water and oil. Microwave cooking retained organic acids, total reducing capacity, and flavonoids, which can be attributed to low microwave intensity and shorter cooking time under which heat-labile bioactive components might have undergone less decomposition. Cooking significantly increased metal-chelating activity (P<0.001). In addition, oven-roasting and pan-roasting enhanced total reducing capacity and flavonoid content, indicating that thermal treatments increased the extractability of bioactive components from garlic. However, boiling, deep-frying, and pan-frying, in which garlic is in contact directly with a hot cooking medium, reduced antioxidant activities. Deep-frying resulted in largest reduction in DPPH radical scavenging activity of garlic, which correlated well with reduction of total reducing capacity and flavonoid content. The results show that the antioxidant activity of garlic could be affected by cooking method, particularly heat intensity and/or direct contact of the cooking medium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and quality of four sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrids at Yonam College of Agriculture Experimental Livestock Farm, Sunghwan in 2001. The four recommended hybrids used in this study were ‘SXl7’ and ‘877F’(heading type), and ‘TE Evergreen’ and ‘Turbo 9’(headless type). sugar content or heading hybrids(SX17 and 877F) were higher then that of headless hybrids(TE Evergreen and Turbo 9). SX17 had resistance to lodging, while all hybrids had resistance to foliar disease and insect. Dry matter(DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of heading hybrids were higher then those of headless hybrids. Among sudangrass hybrids, DM and TDN yields of 877F were the highest(21,007 and 12,276kg/ha). The crude protein of Turbo 9(10.5%) was higher than other hybrids. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of headless hybrids were higher than that of heading hybrids, while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin(ADL) contents of headless hybrids were lower than those of heading hybrids. Calculated TDN of headless hybrids were higher than that at heading hybrids. Cellulase digestible of organic matter of dry matter (CDOMD) of headless hybrids also were higher then that of heading hybrids. Results of this experiment indicates that heading hybrid was better than headless hybrid in the agronomic characteristics and forage yield of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass. However heading hybrid was lower than leafless hybrid in quality of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass.