• Title/Summary/Keyword: organ toxicity

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Toxicity assessment of the palatinose orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 consecutive days (팔라티노스의 Sprague-Dawley rats에서 14일 반복 경구투여 독성 평가)

  • Son, Seung-U;Kim, Jae Hwan;Shin, Kwang-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.52 no.5
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    • pp.555-559
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    • 2020
  • In order to examine the toxicity of palatinose-L (Pal-L) bioconverted from sucrose, we performed a 14-consecutive day toxicity study with male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, hematology, blood biochemical, urinalysis, histological changes in organs, such as the liver and kidneys, and clinical chemistry analysis data for all SD rats. There were no significant changes in food/water consumption, body weight, and organ weights during the experimental period. Although there were some hematologic and urinalysis alterations, these changes were not considered toxicologically significant. In addition, histopathological examination of the liver and kidneys revealed no abnormal or toxicological changes between the control and Pal-L-treated rats of both sexes. Collectively, these results suggest that Pal-L was not indicated to have any toxicity in the SD rats when it was orally administered up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day for 14 days.

Single-Dose Toxicity and Four Week Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study on Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen) (Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen)의 단회 독성시험 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험)

  • Kim, Keun-Su;Park, Sung-Min;Lee, Nam-Jin;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae;Chai, Hee-Yul;Jung, Yu-Ri;Lin, Chun-Mai;Kim, Sun-Hee;Lee, Hye-Young;Kang, Jong-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2007
  • This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$, an anti-wrinkle agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test materials were administered once by gavage to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test material was administered once daily by gavage to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In the results, no abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings. In hematological analysis, there was a trend of increase in reticulocyte at male 25 mg/kg, although such changes were in normal ranges. On the other hand, there was a trend of decrease in hemoglobin at female 50, 100 mg/kg, such changes were in normal ranges. In addition, serum biochemical parameters including sodium, BUN and chloride increased at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Relative organ weights of right testis, brain, lung and left epididymis were increased in 100 mg/kg groups of male rats in contrast to not change in female groups. However, these changes of relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, 4-week repeated oral dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ to ICR mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight. Consequently the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ in ICR mice following gavage for at least 4-week is higher than 100 mg/kg/day.

Interaction of lead and selenium on several aspects of thyroid, liver, and kidney function in guinea pigs (기니픽에서 갑상선, 간 및 신기능에 미치는 납과 selenium의 상호관계)

  • Kim, Jin-sang;Kang, Hyung-sub;Kang, Chang-won
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.699-707
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    • 1996
  • This study was designed to examine the involvement of lead in function of target organ, and the protective effect of selenium in lead-treated guinea pigs for 8 weeks. The effects of exposure to 0.5% lead acetate(lead) and/or 4ppm sodium selenite(selenium) in feed on serveral aspects were evaluated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), serum biochemical activities, organ weights, and serum and organ lead concentrations in growing animals. The many indicators of endocrine function(TSH, $T_3$, and $T_4$ in serum), enzyme and biochemical activities(${\alpha}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, creatinine, $Ca^{2+}$ in serum), and organ weights(kidney, spleen and testis) were correlated with lead exposure or showed significantly different mean values between the exposed and controls. These changes on some aspects were reversed by combination-fed of selenium, but did not statistically significant. The organ(kidney, liver, spleen, testis and brain) and serum lead concentrations of lead-fed group were clearly higher than that of controls. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant protection against lead accumulation in liver and testis. These results suggest that lead can cause a toxic effect on several organ and that selenium seems to has a protective effect on specific reaction by lead-induced organic function toxicity.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of New Won-bangwoohwangchungsimwon in Beagle Dogs (비글개에서 신원방우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험)

  • 성하정;권오경;방명주;곽형일;신대희;이진영;박대규;정규혁;윤효인
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.273-283
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    • 1998
  • Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material qf musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were per-formed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Ad-ministration (l996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

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Acute and Subacute Toxicity of New Woohwangchungsimwon in Beagle Dogs (비글개에서 신우황청심원의 급성 및 아급성독성시험)

  • 권오경;성하정;곽형일;방명주;신대희;이진영;박대규;정규혁;윤효인
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.249-260
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    • 1998
  • Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New Woohwangchungsimwon (NWCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NWCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$/ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and fe-males. In animals administered with NWCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NWCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

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Use of Antioxidants to Prevent Cyclosporine A Toxicity

  • Lee, Jin-Hwa
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2010
  • Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor that is widely used in transplant surgery and the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. However, major side effects of CsA such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases have substantially limited its usage. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not clearly understood, there is some evidence that suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In parallel, protective effects of various antioxidants have been demonstrated by many research groups. Extensive studies of CsA-induced nephrotoxcity have confirmed that the antioxidants can restore the damaged function and structure of kidney. Subsequently, there have appeared numerous reports to demonstrate the positive antioxidant effects on liver and other organ damages by CsA. It may be timely to review the ideas to envisage the relationship between ROS and the CsA-induced toxicity. This review is comprised of a brief description of the immunosuppressive action and the secondary effects of CsA, and a synopsis of reports regarding the antioxidant treatments against the ROS-linked CsA toxicity. A plethora of recent reports suggest that antioxidants can help reduce many CsA's adverse effects and therefore might help develop more effective CsA treatment regimens.

Study for Three-months Subacute Toxicity of Water-soluble DDB Derivative in Beagle Dogs (비글개에서 수용성 DDB 유도체의 3개월 반복투여독성에 관한 연구)

  • 김민영;손장원;신민기;배미옥;김정현;방명주;최진혁;김준성;문전옥
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.239-253
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the three months subacute intravenous toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (DDB-S), a newly formulated therapeutic agent for hepatitis, in Beagle dogs. Groups of 12 male and 12 female dogs were given different dosage of DDB-S, 10 mg/kg/day (high dose group), 5 mg/kg/day (middle dose group), 2.5 mg/kg/day (low dose group) and 0 mg/kg/day (control group) for three months by intravenous route. 1n the three months intravenous toxicity study, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental period. 1n addition to, no significant DDB-S related changes were found in clinical signs, urinalysis and other findings. Statistical changes were observed in hematological. biochemical, partial thromboplastin time (PIT) and organ weight parameters of treated groups. However, these alteration had no relationship with dosage. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no observed adverse effect level of test materials in Beagle dogs might be over 10 mg/kg/day in this study.

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Acute Toxicity Study on the Extract of Mori Fructus (상심자의 급성독성에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Bo-Yoon;Kim, Seon-Beom;Lee, Mi-Kyeong;Kim, Sung-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.179-183
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    • 2012
  • Acute toxicity on the water extract of Mori Fructus was examined in male and female mice. The water extract of Mori Fructus was orally administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg and had been observed for two weeks. No mortality and abnormal clinical signs were shown for the observation period. At the terminal sacrifice, there were no difference in net body weight gain, organ weight and gross pathological findings among the groups treated with different doses of the water extract of Mori Fructus. The results suggested that under the condition employed in this study $LD_{50}$ would be more than 2,000 mg/kg. All the data obtained the experiments lead to the water extract of Mori Fructus should have very low acute toxicity.

Subacute Toxicity Test of Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 (Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95의 아급성 독성시험)

  • 김판기;왕성호;김대용
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.234-239
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    • 1997
  • Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 is one of the polyacidic solution of which main component is acetic acid. We investigated the subchronic toxicity of the Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 using SPF ICR mouse for 4 weeks. The Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 was administered by gastric intubation, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 g/kg body weight. The results are as follows: 1. There are no adverse effects on the clinical obserbation and body weight changes. Also, there are some significant changes in organ weight, but it was meaningless because of the absence of dose-response relationships. 2. In the hematological patterns of administered mouse, there are no significant changes between the treated groups. Also, there are no serological enzymatic changes in the treated mouse. In the 1.0 g/kg treated group, ASP activity was increased significnatly compared with control group. But, this level of activity was fall under the normal physiological range of control mouse. 3. Histopathological findings of the brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, stomach, lung, testis, ovary, uterus and thymus were not observed in the treated mouse. From the above results, the Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 has no toxicity upto the 5.0 g/kg/day of oral dose for 4 weeks.

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Study for Thirteen Weeks Subacute Toxicity of BDR-29 in Rats (BDR-29의 랫트에 대한 13주 반복투여 독성에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Bo-Yoon;Kang, Dae-Gill;Lee, Ho-Sub;Kim, Sung-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.60-67
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    • 2008
  • The subcronic toxicity of BDR-29, a herbal preparation of Cassiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Tribuli Fructus, and Uncariae Rhamulus et Uncus, was examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with the test substance at a dose 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg intragastrically for 13 weeks. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. There were not significantly different from control group in net body weight gain, food and water consumption, organ weight, gross pathological findings, and urine analysis among the groups rats treated with different doses of the BDR-29. Hematological findings and biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to BDR-29. From these results, no observation effect level (NOEL) of BDR-29 is 500 mg/kg/day under the condition employed in this study.