• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.760-767
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose sufficient conditions under which nonlinear systems can be transformed into nonlinear observer canonical form in the extended state space by virtue of dynamic system extension. The proposed scheme weakens two major restrictions of observer error linearization technique. Once a nonlinear system is transformed into nonlinear observer canonical form using dynamic system extension, a state observer can be easily designed. Two illustrative examples are included in order to compare the proposed scheme and observer error linearization method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2019

This study is a mock-up experiment prior to field application of insulated gang form. In order to investigate concrete Heating cost in winter, pre-comparison was made before application.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.583-591
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• 2022

Let K be an imaginary quadratic field and 𝒪 be an order in K. Let H_𝒪 be the ring class field of 𝒪. Furthermore, for a positive integer N, let K_𝒪,N be the ray class field modulo N𝒪 of 𝒪. When the discriminant of 𝒪 is different from -3 and -4, we construct an extended form class group which is isomorphic to the Galois group Gal(K_𝒪,N/H_𝒪) and describe its Galois action on K_𝒪,N in a concrete way.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.3-13
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• 2014

Typology in Contemporary Architecture wants to escape from the classical typology that has the problems about specific program of structuralism, typical repeatation of customary form. As visible and non-visible things are appeared in contemporary architecture through the analysis of the inner system involving development process of changing itself, typology of contemporary is utilized at a tool of form generation in the process of architect. And it notes that the structural properties of the building system. The form of contemporary architecture has the new connecting strucure not reduced to existing ones. It carries out generative access as a device in order to solve the complexity of society. From this perspective, we analyze the process of projects of contemporary architects that can be typological strategy not representation of post geometric form but a tool of form generation in architectural process. As a result, we can find four characteristics of typology as a tool of form generation; 'interference and mix of program', 'continous slabs', 'rearrangement through relationship setting', 'transformation of multi-layers'. These are expanding to the process that reflect history and context or infer from morphology. Therefore, typology as architectural process of form generation overcomes morphological typology of classical typology and suggests that the different architectural approach having potential possibility.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to apply the position, the form and the angle of the attrition in the natural maxillary central incisors shown on the labial surface to the artificial teeth in the field of prosthetic dentistry. So we should exactly alter the molds of artificial teeth in individual cases in order to make artificial teeth more natural. 226 extracted teeth of the maxillary central incisors were chosen as materials. I have exactly examined the teeth with a magnifying glass and a circular graduator under concentrated light. The observation brought me the following results: 1) The attrition was most prevailing at the range from the mesial angle to the middle part of cutting edge in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal angle of cutting edge in the right maxillary central incisor. 2) On the attrite form of both angles, the angulated form was more than 4 times as frequent as rounded form in the mesial angle, and almost equal in the distal angle. 3) On the attrite form of cutting edge, mesial attrite form including mesial angle was most frequent in the left maxillary central incisor, and distal attrite form including distal angle in the right maxillary central incisor. 4) The angle made by the labial surface and the attrite surface was about $39^{\circ}$, and more than 70% of the total examined teeth were included at the range from $31^{\circ}\;to\;50^{\circ}$. 5) None attrite form at the cutting edge was about 12% and completely attrite form at the cutting edge was about 27% of examined teeth.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.6 s.59
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• pp.960-976
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• 2005

Classicism pursued beauty comprised of a perfect form, and beauty was perceived as a state of sufficiency. Accordingly, a completed and permanent beauty was sought after; as a result, a perfect and flawless form became the mainstream, and there was an effort to visualize the eternal proportional perfection. In classicism, forms were perfectly embodied with systematic inevitability and absolute inflexibility, by which an extremely clear aspect appeared. This study analyzes a classical construction paradigm in modern fashion according to the five categories: 'Harmony and order by numerical proportion', 'Clear form', 'Simplification of form and two-dimensional Seh-form', 'Completed contracture structure', and 'Pluralistic unification', and the respective formative characteristics are as follows. First, in terms of the formative aspect of modern fashion,'Harmony and order by numerical proportion' results from thorough observance of extreme and golden section (proportion of 5 :8) which was an aesthetic standard of beautiful body in classicism. Second, 'Clear form' appears in clothes as individual clearness of structural elements expressing each part of body, and shows a well-established form possible to be grasped with equal and clear contour line. Third,'Simplification of form and two-dimensional Seh-form' comes out as form composition, single line, single layer structure, two-dimensional form and arrangement of elements of clothes through the front viewpoint caused by 2D diagramming work while fashion-designing and producing. Also, it is seen that two-dimensional proportion which is composed of sections through various harmonious lines and sides according to the simple two-dimensional compatibility principle is accomplished. Fourth, 'Completed contracture structure' emerges as an expression of stationariness, in other words, fixation of an overall impression. This is a tendency that the overall form is grasped as a fixedly intact shape without a big change of the silhouette of clothes. Fifth, 'Pluralistic unification' means that it respectively emphasizes all the parts composing clothes by making them individually independent at the same time as each element is inclusively shown with the harmony of the overall silhouette of clothes and many other details. This study examined classical formative characteristics through a theoretical research on a formative paradigm revealing the classical style. Also, the significance of classical or rational value of art was illuminated by observing what characteristics a classical formation paradigm shows in modern fashion. As a result, classical characteristics in modern fashion prove that classicism is not a merely past construction style separated from the present but a construction paradigm deeply involved in our reason system.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2007

Although the Java bytecode has numerous advantages, it also has certain shortcomings such as its slow execution speed and difficulty of analysis. In order to overcome such disadvantages, a bytecode analysis and optimization must be performed. The control flow of the bytecode should be analyzed; next, information is required regarding where the variables are defined and used to conduct a dataflow analysis and optimization. There may be cases where variables with an identical name contain different values at different locations during execution, according to the value assigned to a given variable in each location. Therefore, in order to statically determine the value and type, the variables must be separated according to allocation. In order to achieve this, variables can be expressed using a static single assignment form. After transformation into a static single assignment form, the type information of each node expressed by each variable and expression must be configured to perform a static analysis and optimization. Based on the basic type information, this paper proposes a method for finding the related equivalent nodes, setting nodes with strong connection components, and efficiently assigning each node type.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.1 s.20
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

In this paper, a design of an integral augmented nonlinear optimal variable structure system(INOVSS) is presented for the prescribed output control of uncertain MIMO systems under persistent disturbances. This algorithm basically concerns removing the problems of the reaching phase and combining with the nonlinear optimal control theory. By means of an integral nonlinear sliding surface, the reaching phase is completely removed. The ideal sliding dynamics of the integral nonlinear sliding surface is obtained in the form of the nonlinear state equation and is designed by using the nonlinear optimal control theory, which means the design of the integral nonlinear sliding surface and equivalent control input. The homogeneous $2{\upsilon}(\kappa)$ form is defined in order to easily select the $2{\upsilon}$ or even $(\kappa)-form$ higher order nonlinear terms in the suggested sliding surface. The corresponding nonlinear control input is designed in order to generate the sliding mode on the predetermined transformed new surface by means of diagonalization method. As a result, the whole sliding output from a given initial state to origin is completely guaranteed against persistent disturbances. The prediction/predetermination of output is enable. Moreover, the better performance by the nonlinear sliding surface than that of the linear sliding surface can be obtained. Through an illustrative example, the usefulness of the algorithm is shown.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.243-256
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• 2011

This paper considers the concept of analog computing based on a cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm to simulate nuclear reactor dynamics using a time-dependent second order form of the neutron transport equation. Instead of solving nuclear reactor dynamic equations numerically, which is time-consuming and suffers from such weaknesses as vulnerability to transient phenomena, accumulation of round-off errors and floating-point overflows, use is made of a new method based on a cellular neural network. The state-of-the-art shows the CNN as being an alternative solution to the conventional numerical computation method. Indeed CNN is an analog computing paradigm that performs ultra-fast calculations and provides accurate results. In this study use is made of the CNN model to simulate the space-time response of scalar flux distribution in steady state and transient conditions. The CNN model also is used to simulate step perturbation in the core. The accuracy and capability of the CNN model are examined in 2D Cartesian geometry for two fixed source problems, a mini-BWR assembly, and a TWIGL Seed/Blanket problem. We also use the CNN model concurrently for a typical small PWR assembly to simulate the effect of temperature feedback, poisons, and control rods on the scalar flux distribution.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.437-447
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• 2018

Computational cost is one of the major obstacles for detailed risk analysis of structures. This paper puts forward a methodology for efficient probabilistic seismic loss assessment of structures using the Endurance Time (ET) analysis and the first-order reliability method (FORM). The ET analysis efficiently yields the structural responses for a continuous range of intensities through a single response-history analysis. Taking advantage of this property of ET, FORM is employed to estimate the annual rate of exceedance for the loss components. The proposed approach is an amalgamation of two analysis approaches, ET and FORM, that significantly lower the computational costs. This makes it possible to evaluate the seismic risk of complex systems. The probability distribution of losses due to the structural and non-structural damage as well as injuries and fatalities of a prototype structure are estimated using the proposed methodology. This methodology is an alternative to the prevalent risk analysis framework of the total probability theorem. Hence, the risk estimates of the proposed approach are compared with those from the total probability theorem as a benchmark. The results indicate a satisfactory agreement between the two methods while a significantly lower computational demand for the proposed approach.