• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2023

Background: In this study, we investigated the potential use of keratin for oral tissue regeneration. Keratin is well-known for its effectiveness in skin regeneration by promoting keratinization and enhancing the elasticity and activity of fibroblasts. Because of its structural stability, high storability, biocompatibility, and safety in humans, existing research has predominantly focused on its role in skin wound healing. Herein, we propose using keratin proteins as biocompatible materials for dental applications. Methods: To assess the suitability of alpha-keratin protein as a substrate for cell culture, keratin was extracted from human hair via PEGylation. Viabilities of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were assessed. Fluorescence immunostaining and migration assays were conducted using a fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Wound healing and migration assays were performed using automated software to analyze the experimental readout and gap closure rate. Results: We confirmed the extraction of alpha-keratin and formation of the PEG-g-keratin complex. Treatment of HGFs with keratin protein at a concentration of 5 mg/ml promoted proliferation and maintained cell viability in the test group compared to the control group. HOKs treated with 5 mg/ml keratin exhibited a slight decrease in cell proliferation and activity after 48 hours compared to the untreated group, followed by an increase after 72 hours. Wound healing and migration assays revealed rapid closure of the area covered by HOKs over time following keratin treatment. Additionally, HOKs exhibited changes in cell morphology and increased the expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the potential of hair keratin for soft tissue regeneration, with potential future applications in clinical settings for wound healing.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Extraction of all nonrestorable teeth prior to bone marrow transplantation is the major dental management of the patient being prepared for the transplantation. But, there are four principal causes for excessive bleeding in the immediate postextraction phase ; (1) Vascular wall alteration (wound infection, scurvy, chemicals, allergy) (2) Disorders of platelet function (3) Thrombocytopenic purpuras (4) Disorders of coagulation (liver disease, anticoagulation drug-heparin, coumarin, aspirin, plavix) If the hemorrhage from postextraction wound is unusually aggressive, the socket must be packed with local hemostatic agent and wound closure & pressure dressing are applied. But, in dental alveoli, local hemostatic agent (gelfoam, surgcel etc) may absorb oral microorganisms and cause alveolar osteitis (infection). This is a case report of bleeding and infection control by suture, pressure packing and iodoform gauze drainage on infected active bleeding extraction socket under sedation and local anesthesia in a 57-years-old multiple disabled patient with anticoagulation drug.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 1985

In order to study the effects of the low power density laser (AsGa) on the wound healing of tongue and skin, thirty two healthy rats were anesthetized with pentothal. The tongue wound, approximately 1 mm in depth and 2mm in diameter, was created on the anterior of the tongue and the skin wound, approximately, 2mm in depth and 6-8mm in diameter, was created on the back of rat with the tip of small rongeur forcep. Wounds of experimental groups were irradiated with AsGa laser (Stomalaser, SEDATELEC Co., France) every other day by ninth day. The areas of wounds were measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 days after wounding and the specimens were sectioned, stained, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In the AsGa laser irradiated wound of tongue, the epithelial and fibroblastic regeneration were accelerated when compared with controls. 2. In the AsGa laser irradiated wound of skin, the epithelial and fibroblastic regeneration were accelerated when compared with controls. 3. When the wound areas were compared, there was a significant difference between control group and experimental group (P < 0.01: 2-Way NOVA).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 2008

This study analyzed the incidence of wound infection after the operation of mandibular third molar extraction in relation with antibiotic prophylaxis with the object of young and healthy patients. The study object was 1,177 mandibular third molars of 850 men of 20 to 25 years old without any specific systemic disease. Three methods of preventive antibiotic medication were selected according to the preventive antibiotic medication previously reported; three experimental groups were selected based on them, and the antibiotic used was amoxicillin($^{(R)}Kymoxin$, Yuhanyanghaeng, Seoul). The group 1 includes the patients that took the antibiotic orally before the operation(one hour earlier, 500mg) and for three days after the operation(250mg per time, three times/day), the group 2 is the ones that took the same antibiotic orally only once about one hour before the operation(500mg), and the group 3 did not take any antibiotics before and after the operation. And to compare the difficulties and the degrees of extraction during operations which can be possibly related to the wound infection after the operations, the mandibular third molars' impacted depths and extraction methods were investigated as well. To check if the wound was infected, observations with an internal of one week were performed twice after the operation, and the meaningfulness of the infection incidence was verified through Chi-square test using SPSS program(SPSS Inc., IL, USA). There was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic medication methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation among the experimental groups. As examining the relations between the mandibular third molar operation methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation, there existed a statistically meaningful difference in the infection incidence according to the operation methods(p=0.020). And there was no statistically significant difference in the wound infection incidence according to the impacted depth of the mandibular third molar. Therefore, it is thought that there exists little necessity of prophylatic antibiotics medication when extracting the mandibular third molar of young and healthy men without any systemic disease in general; however, in case when it is expected that the possibility of infection will be high or the wound on the tissue will be severe, it is sure that the prophylactic antibiotics medication will be necessary.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pycnogenol (PYC) on the cutaneous wound healing of the mice. The wounds were extracted on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-injury for histomorphometrical analysis including wound area, infiltrating inflammatory cells, wound contracture including collagen deposition. As the result, the wound area of PYC-treated group was larger than the control group on days 1 to 7. Inflammatory cells in the PYC-treated wounds were decreased at day 1 compared to the control wound tissue. From day 3 to 7, there was no significant difference between the control and the PYC-treated skin wounds. Though the degree of contraction in the PYC-treated group was lower than that of the control group from days 1 to 5, but appeared significantly higher on day 7. Compared to the control group, collagen accumulation in the PYC-treated group was higher than that of the control group from days 5 to 7. From this result, it may support the possibility that PYC would be useful agent for early inflammatory response and matrix remodeling phase of the skin wounds.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2009

Purpose: This study compared the frequency of postoperative infections in patients for a closed mandibular fracture with that without the postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: 48 patients without any specific medical history were divided into two groups depending on whether or not antibiotics had been applied after the surgery. The 24 patients in group 1 received only a second-generation cephalosporin ($Cefotetan^{(R)}$) intravenously from admission to immediate after the surgery. Likewise, 24 patients in group 2 received 1.0g of $Cefotetan^{(R)}$ twice daily longer than the third day after surgery. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics administration after surgery was 6.9 (${\pm}3.56$). The patients were evaluated after surgery for any postoperative infections according to the criteria: purulent drainage from a wound, spontaneous wound dehiscence accompanied by swelling, pain, and fever around the wound. Results: Postoperative infections were encountered in 2 out of 24 patients in group 1, who received antibiotic medication until shortly after surgery, and in 3 out of the 24 patients in group 2, in whom the medication was continued even after the surgery. There was no sig nificant difference in the incidence of postoperative infections between the two groups. Conclusion: From this study, postoperative use of antibiotics seems to be unnecessary with view of the little significance of the factors that could affect the wound infection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.457-463
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• 2001

In the unconscious patient with general muscle rigidity, the natural teeth can be luxated and then bite wounds may be occurred around lip, owing to the pathologic involuntary self-biting habit. If the forceful biting is generated continuously, the teeth may be avulsed and aspirated into the aerodigestive tract with the infection of biting wound. For the prevention of pulmonary aspiration of the teeth and wound infection, the biting teeth should be cared before the fact. The authors treated the teeth as endodontic drainage with removal of the crown or iodoform gauze drainage into the socket with extraction of the teeth. The prognosis was more favorable without biting wounds.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2011

Background: Teeth requiring extraction before radiotherapy in head & neck cancer patients should be removed as long as possible before the initiation of radiation therapy. Conventionally, a minimum 2-week waiting primary healing period is recommended. Although the above 2-week period is ideal, it was not uncommon for the radiotherapist and cancer patient to feel an urgent need to process with radiotherapy despite the need for dental care. Therefore, alternative approaches for early radiotherapy, including conservative endodontic treatment and a 1-week waiting primary healing period after dental extraction at the time of radiotherapy, were considered and applied based on the experimental study Materials and Methods: Eighteen dogs were processed for histopathologic wound healing. The effect of the primary endodontic treatment and extraction before early radiotherapy was examined. Results: No specific complication, such as, post-extraction wound infection, radiation osteitis and osteoradionecrosis, were encountered despite the early radiotherapy. Conclusion: Based on the experimental study, a minimum 1-week waiting primary healing period for oral care before radiotherapy is suitable for the early radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2010

The wound healing process can be categorized as follows : inflammation, fibroplasia, neovascularization, collagen deposition, epithelialization, and wound contraction. During the healing process, various growth factors are secreted to accelerate wound healing. Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) are the important regulatory polypeptides for coordinating the healing process. They are released from macrophages, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes at the site of injury and participate in the regulation of reepithelization, granulation tissue formation, collagen synthesis and neovascularization. Onchung-Um has been used clinically to treat various skin diseases. In addition, Onchung-Um has been also used for congestive inflammations. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Onchung-Um on wound healing process and wound size reduction in rats. Full-thickness skin wounds ($15mm\;{\times}\;15mm$) were created on the back of rats. Rats were then divided into 2 groups : The Onchung-Um treated group that was orally administered with a dose of 193.9mg/100g of Onchung-Um extract per day for 15 days and Control group without Onchung-Um administration. Moreover, the histological changes and VEGF immunoexpressions of two groups were estimated. In results, wound closures were significantly accelerated by oral administration of Onchung-Um extract. Furthermore, in Onchung-Um treated group, there were significant increases in fibroblast migration, epithelialization compared with the Control group. VEGF expressions were also increased in Onchung-Um treated group. This study has therefore demonstrated the Onchung-Um can significantly improve the quality of wound healing and scar formation and the oral administration of Onchung-Um extract may increase early tissue angiogenesis in the incisional wound of an experimental animal model.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2010

Excessive oral and maxillofacial bleeding causes upper airway obstruction, bronchotracheal & gastric aspiration and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid & correct bleeding control is very important for life-saving in the medical emergency room. In spite of the bleeding control methods of the wound suture & direct pressure, the postoperative bleeding can be occurred, because of the presence of various bleeding disorders & postoperative delayed wound infections. The proper care of bleeding disorders & wound infections are very important for the control of the delayed postoperative rebleeding. In spite of these methods, active oral bleeding can be presented by the other causes of head injury. A rare but particularly dangerous sort of bleeding that may have an especial importance to the patient with severe basal skull fracture that damage large vessels and even the cavernous sinus. The occurrence of profuse nasal or oropharyngeal bleeding may arise from damage to the anterior and posterior ethmoidal vessels, but when mixed with brain tissue it is evidence of mortal damage. In this condition, rapid entire oropharyngeal packing is essential for the control of active oral bleeding. This is a case report of rapid rational bleeding control method by much amount of wet gauze packings, in a 44-years-old male patient with active oropharyngeal bleeding by basal skull fractures.