• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for murine melanoma Bl6 cell line using semiautomated M1T assay. 2,4,6,8, 10Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALOORADO 8. After irradiatior, B16 cell lines(2.5×10⁴ cells/ml) were exposed to bleomycin and cisplatin at concentration of 0.2㎍/㎖, 2㎍/㎖ and 20㎍/㎖ for I hour respectively. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each concentration of drug. And they were compared to control values. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was significant difference of surviving fraction at 4, 6, 8, 10Gy on B16 cell line(P<0.05). 2. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity between bleomycin and cisplatin at concentration of 0.2㎍/㎖ and 2㎍/㎖(P<0.05) on B16 cell line, but there was no significant difference of cytotoxicity at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ on B16 cell line. 3. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of bleomycin after irradiation of 2Gy and 10Gy on B16 cell line(P<0.01). 4. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of cisplatin at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ after irradiation on B16 cell line.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

The polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID, and antitumor activities using the melanoma B-16-derived metastatic tumors were examined at dosages of 2, 5 and 10 mg/100 g. F-7 and F-8 showed the highest tumor metastatic inhibitory activities (inhibition ratio 60 and 80% in 2 mg/100 g), and in dose of 5 mg/100 g, the inhibitory ratios were 85 and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/100 g of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection gave 90 and 95% of inhibition. When the effects of polysaccharides on hypersensitivity were examined, the inhibitory activities were not markedly observed in oral administration, indicating that the polysaccharides are directly acting to immune system. Also, the polysaccharides increased the number of circulating blood leukocytes and total peritoneal exudate cells. Although implantation of tumor cells greatly decreased the productivity of antibody (antibody-mediated) and T lymphocyte reactivity (delayed-type) as 6.3 from 9.3 and 5.9 from 7.7, represented by the increase of footpad thickness, respectively. the polysaccharides elevated the reactivity of T lymphocyte in tumor-bearing mice, which were rapidly recovered by discontinuance of sample treatments. Especially, F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8 remarkably recovered the decreased sensitivity. These results clearly indicated that the i.p. injection is much effective to suppress tumor growth than oral administration.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.176-181
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• 2005

Our previous reports demonstrated that ip. administration of Korean red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) exerts antitumor activity In mice. The present study was carried out to compare the effects of ip. and p.o. routes of administration of RGAP on either normal or tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. RGAP was administered either ip. or p.o. at doses of 100, 300, 500, 1000 mg/kg for 1 or 5 weeks. Peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with RGAP p.o. at a dose of 300 mg/kg either for 1 or 5 weeks did not exhibit growth inhibition activity toward WEHI-I64 tumor cells. However, administration of RGAP at a dose of 600 mg/kg for both 1 and 5 weeks increased the antitumor activity of macrophages. Oral administration of RGAP (600 mg/kg) for 5 weeks and ip. administration of RGAP (300 mg/kg) for 1 week resulted in antitumor activities of $40\%$ and $45\%$, respectively, indicating that the effect of i.p. injection is more potent 2 and 5 times than that of p.o. one in terms of dose and duration, respectively. Tumor inhibition rates of RGAP at doses of 300, 500, 1000 mg/kg in mice transplanted with B16-F10 melanoma were 4.4, 12.0, and $45.4\%$, respectively, meaning that p.o. dose higher than 500 mg/kg possess marked antitumor activity. The results above suggests that p.o. administration of RGAP also show antitumor activity in vivo depending on the dose.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2008

The inhibitory effect of omega-3 such as linolenic acid (LNA), docosahexaenoic acid (DNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) on the growth of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyItetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. LNA was found to decrease the cell viability of human oral epithelioid carcinoma cells (KB) in the MTT assay, whereas EPA appeared to inhibit the cell adhesion activity of human skin melanoma cells (SK-MEL-3) in the XTT assay analysis. DPPH radical scavenging activity was examined on LNA, DHA and EPA at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}M$, where they showed about 53% scavenging activity. These results suggest that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid has a potential anticancer activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2008

We studied 1809 oral cancer patients who visited and were treated in 2002 at the 148 institutions certified as training facilities by the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, which is composed of 39 dental university hospitals, 44 medical university hospitals, 64 general hospitals, and 1 unknown institution. The patients consisted of 1071 (59.2%) males and 738 (40.8%) females (male:female ratio, 1.45:1), who had a mean age of 65.2 years old. The tongue (40.2%) was the most common site affected, followed by the gingiva (32.7%), buccal mucosa (10.1%), and oral floor (9.0%). There were 6 cases of intraoral multiple cancer. In histopathological examinations, squamous cell carcinoma (88.7%) was the most common type found, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.1%), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1.7%). In addition, non-epithelial tumors comprised 1.8%, among which malignant melanoma was the most common type. Cases classified as T2N0 were the most common (32.1%), followed by T1N0 (21.4%), T4N0 (8.0%), and T2N1 (7.6%). Distant metastasis occurred in 17 patients (1.0%). The sizes of the non-epithelial malignant tumors ranged from 1.0 to 7.0 cm, with a mean size of 3.7 cm.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and therapeutic outcomes of canine oral tumors in Korea. Medical records of dogs presented with oral tumor at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed. The predominant breeds were Yorkshire terrier (n=14), miniature poodle (n=7), Shih Tzu (n=6), and maltese (n=4), in order. The mean age at onset was $10.0{\pm}3.8$ years. The most common tumor types included fibrous epulis (n=13), malignant melanoma (n=12), acanthomatous epulis (n=4), and squamous cell carcinoma (n=3). Surgical removal was performed in 29 cases; simple excision in 18 cases, partial mandibulectomy in 8 cases, and partial maxillectomy in 3 dogs. Outcomes of surgery were various according to the tumor types. Prognosis of dogs with fibrous epulis and acanthomatous epulis was good and that of dogs with malignant melanoma was poor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2001

There were many controversies in the cause and progress of tumorigenesis. Recently, studies on the mutation of genes related to the tumor have extensively been performed due to development of molecular biology. Structural and morphological changes of chromosomes, which are related to the abnormal activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppression genes, transform the normal cells into the tumor cells. p53 and Rb are well known tumor suppressor genes, while oncogenes include c-myc, bcl-2 and ras, etc. When exposed to cell damaging agents, p53 inhibits cell growth by inducing transcription of p21. Especially p73, which is homo-logy of p53, frequently deleted in melanoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer, when over produced, p73 activates the transcription of p21, bax-1 and inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis. For study on mRNA expression of p21 and p73, normal oral keratinocytes, and cell lines of primary and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma were cultured and then electrophoresis and RT-PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) were performed. 1. The mRNA of p21 and p73 in normal oral keratinocyte expressed lower than that of primary squamous cell carcinoma. 2. The mRNA of p21 in metastatic oral squamous carcinoma cell lines was expressed as various patterns compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. 3. In the metastatic oral squamous cell lines, the mRNA of HN8 expressed higher than that of HN12 or HN19. 4. The mRNA of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines expressed 4-5 times higher than that of normal keratinocyte. 5. In metastatic oral squamous cell lines, there was no significant expression of p73 mRNA compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. From the results obtained in this study, mRNA expression of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines was remarkable, while mRNA expression of p21 and p73 in metastatic oral squamous cell lines were statistically insignificant.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Inflammation is a protective mechanism against pathogens, but if maintained continuously, it destroys tissue structures. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium often found in severe periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans invades epithelial cells and triggers inflammatory response in the immune cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of water-soluble rosehip extract on A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced inflammatory responses. A human monocytic cell line (THP-1) was differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-mystristate 13-acetate treatment. The cytotoxic effect of extract was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of extract on bacterial growth were examined by measuring the optical densities using a spectrophotometer. THP-1-derived macrophages were infected A. actinomycetemcomitans after extract treatment, and culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. Extract was not toxic to THP-1-derived macrophages. A. actinomycetemcomitans growth was inhibited by 1% extract. The extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8 production. It also decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, the extract inhibited the expression of inflammasome components, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3, Absent in Melanoma 2, and apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. And cysteine-aspartic proteases-1 and IL-1β expression were decreased by the extract. In summary, extract suppressed A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and decreased inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting activation of MAP kinase, NF-κB, and inflammasome signaling. Rosehip extract could be effective in the treatment of periodontal inflammation induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans infection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.660-668
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• 2007

We investigated 248 patients who were diagnosed as malignant tumor in the department of Oral and maxillofacial Surgery of Kyungpook National University from 1999 to 2006, and following results were obtained. 1. Among 248 patients who have malignant tumor, 164 were men and 84 were women, which made the ratio of male to female 1.95:1. 2. The average age of oral cancer patients was 58.3. 3. As of the primary origin site, lower alveolus and gingiva were the greatest with 70 cases(28.2%), followed by tongue(l6.9%), upper alveolus and gingiva(14.9%), palate(13.7%), mouth floor(9.7%), buccal mucosa(4.8%), retromolar trigone(4.4%), Mx. & Mn. bone(3.2%) and lip(2.8%). 4. As of histologic distribution, squamous cell carcinoma was the greatest with 170 cases(68.6%), followed by sarcoma with 17 cases(6.9%), adenoid cystic carcinoma with 17 cases(6.9%), malignant lymphoma with 15 cases(6.0%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma with 13 cases(5.2%), metastatic carcinoma with 6 cases(2.4%) and malignant melanoma with 4 cases(1.6%). 5. Period between recognition of the symptom and the first visit to hospital was less than 3 months for 58.9% of the patients, and more than 3 months for 41% of the patients. 6. Investigation of whether the patients drink or smoke revealed that the number of non-smoking and non-drinking patients was 63 among 170 patients(37.0%) that were able to investigate. The number of patients who smoke only was 29(17.1%) and both drinking and smoking patients were 78(45.9%). 7. In clinical stage order, Stage IV(61.7%) was found th be the largest, followed by stage I(17.2%), stage II(13%) and stage III(7.8%). 8. The 5-year survival rate of the entire oral cancer patients appeared to be 57.7%. The survival rate was higher in younger group and women had higher survival rate but there was no statistical significance to this. In the aspect of stage, the survival rate was Stage I, Stage II, Stage IV and Stage III in decreasing order. The order according to T classification was the same. In N classification, patients with N0 had the highest survival rate and the survival rate decreased in the order of N1 and N2. Survival rate was especially low in patients with N2.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 1998

In the present study, we were evaluated cytotoxic effects of epigallocatechin gallate in human skin melanoma cells such as HTB-69. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes of the treated cells. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by colorimetric methods; 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, neutral red (NR) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. These results suggest that epigallocatechin gallate retains a potential antitumor activity.