• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 1995

The incidence of oral complications among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy varies from 12 to 80%. Adequate oral hygiene has been shown to be important in prevention of oral complication and an essential role is reserved for the nursing staff. These considerations prompted the decision to survey by means of a questionaire, the nurses who give care to cancer patients. The Questions were included multidisciplinary treatment, inspection skill, nursing intervention, nursing education, problem in mouth care, solution for problem solving. - Results are fellow : 1. A total of 116 of the nurses returned the questionaire 2. According to 88.2% of the respondents, the policy with regard to oral-hygine is determined by the physician and the nurse. 62.1% of nurses do not consult the dentist When oral complication is occured. 3. In only 34.5% of case was a penight used to provide the necessary extra illumination nursing Inspection of oral cavity. 4. Frequency of oral complications observed by the respondents is that they observed complications in < 25% of patients. The nature of the complication varied from ulcer, stomatitis, infection, dry mouth, candidiasis, herpes simplix, bleeding. 5. Percentages of respondents who use the intervention indicated 1) to prevent oral complication : 0.9% normal saline gargling(44%), 0.02% chlorhexidine gargling, oral dressing(38.8%), observation, nutrition, restriction of alcohol and tabaco(23.2%) 2) to deal with the early symptoms 0.9% normal saline gargling (47.4%), cryotherapy(37.9%), 0.02% chlorhexidine gargling(20.7%) 3) to help alleviate severe complications : dental consult, holding the chemotherapy(34.5%), 0.9% normal saline gargling(31.1%), cryotherapy(18.0%) 6. According to 70% of the respondents, insufficient attention is given to oral complication during nursing education classes only 8.6% said that both the theory and the practical aspects had been deal with in sufficient detail during their training. The results of the survey indicate thatoral care in cancer patients undergoing chemothrapy has a number of problem. There are not enough dentist to provide the necessary care for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The expertise of the nurses with respect to the pathogenesis of the complication is limited. In the training of nurses, additional attention to oral examinations and oral hygine is warranted. The care of patients should be the responsibility of a multidisciplinary team approach. The nurse occupies a key position with in this team, which includes the medical oncologist, a dentist.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2021

Preoperative patient analysis for oral cancer involves multiple considerations that are based on multiple factors; these include TNM stages, histopathologic findings, and adjacent anatomical structures. Once the decision is made to excise the lesion, the margin of dissection and its extent should be considered along with the best form of reconstruction and airway management. Treatment methods include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although the combined method of treatment is controversial, surgical resection is considered predominantly, and immediate reconstruction after surgical resection follows. The choice of treatment is dictated by the anticipated functional and esthetic results of treatment and also by the availability of a surgeon with the required expertise. Segmental mandibulectomy with primary reconstruction has been shown to have advantages in both functional and esthetic results. A 52-year-old male patient with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, and the anterior portion of the mandible was treated with surgical procedures that included segmental mandibulectomy with both supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) at Levels I-III and mandible reconstruction with a left fibula free flap. A 55-year-old male patient with clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent segmental mandibulectomy with both SOHND at Levels I-III and mandible reconstruction with a left fibula free flap. The purpose of this study was to review the anatomic and functional results of patients after immediate reconstruction with a fibula free flap following resection of carcinoma in the anterior portion of the mandible and floor of the mouth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 1997

The oral cavity is easily accessible for direct exposure of a malignant disease. 1 percent of the oral malignant tumors are of metastatic origin and approximately 10 percent to 25 percent of the 1 percent fraction originate from the lungs. A case of metastatic lung carcinoma to the gingiva in a 88-year-old male is reported. He complained of pain and swelling between right maxillary 1st premolar and 2nd molar. Although surgical excision of the lesion has been done, the gingival lesion developed as a quickly growing mass and recurred 2 weeks after surgical excision. The gingival mass was histopathologically diagnosed as an undifferentiated carcinoma. Epithelial layer was continuous without ulceration and it seems that the cancer cells are originated from primary tumor. Infiltrated cancer cells were pleomorphic and dyskeratotic. The cells had 2 or more nuclei, not showing squamous or glandular differentiation. Immunohistochemical study revealed the cells originated from the epithelial cells. The prognosis is poor, because prognosis depends on surgical elimination of the primary tumor.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.87-90
• /
• 2021

The increased use of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans has made it increasingly necessary to evaluate incidental findings on CBCT scans. This report describes the case of a 66-year-old female patient who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine at the College of Dentistry of the author's institution and underwent a CBCT scan for maxillary alveolar process implant planning. Upon evaluation of the CBCT scan, a radiopaque (soft tissue attenuation) mass in the left superior aspect of the nasal cavity and left locule of the sphenoid sinus with opacification of the left locule of the sphenoid sinus was incidentally noted. These radiographic findings were suggestive of a space-occupying mass with a high possibility of malignancy. A further medical evaluation confirmed renal cell cancer metastasis to the sphenoid sinus. This study shows the significance of reviewing the entire CBCT scan for incidental findings.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2022

This research introduces the manufacturing process of the metal-framework of one of the maxillary partial dentures, the "obturator", using milling wax-blocks, for patients with palate loss due to oral cancer. It explains the protocol of taking the patient's oral impression, preparation of a working cast, scanning, designing using a computer-aided design program, investing the milling wax-blocks, and completing the obturator. This method does not follow the traditional wax and agar process thereby reducing the errors arising during the manufacturing process and decreasing the time, material, and labor required. Moreover, the retention, stability, and compatibility of the metal framework were observed to be high in both the working cast and oral cavity.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2019

Deep learning is emerging as one of the best tool in processing data related to medical imaging. In our research work, we have proposed a deep learning based framework CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for the classification of dysplastic tissue images. The CNN has classified the given images into 4 different classes namely normal tissue, mild dysplastic tissue, moderate dysplastic tissue and severe dysplastic tissue. The dataset under taken for the study consists of 672 tissue images of epithelial squamous layer of oral cavity captured out of the biopsy samples of 52 patients. After applying the data pre-processing and augmentation on the given dataset, 2688 images were created. Further, these 2688 images were classified into 4 categories with the help of expert Oral Pathologist. The classified data was supplied to the convolutional neural network for training and testing of the proposed framework. It has been observed that training data shows 91.65% accuracy whereas the testing data achieves 89.3% accuracy. The results produced by our proposed framework are also tested and validated by comparing the manual results produced by the medical experts working in this area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3535-3539
• /
• 2013

Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Two genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 involved in phase II of carcinogen detoxification have been frequently studied in the literature. Their null genotypes are thought to be associated with increased head and neck cancer risk. However, the published reviews are not up to date and many important papers have been skipped. The current literature review was restricted to the null genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with special emphasis on the genotypic status. We found that the size of study sample varied greatly and the oral cavity cancer was more influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. With respect to ethnicity Asians are more prone to head and neck cancers with these null genotypes as compared to Europeans and Americans. The current review showed significant associations (OR=9.0, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5; OR=3.7, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5) of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with head and neck cancers. Review confirms the data of previous reviews that GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be risk factors for cancer initiation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.1519-1524
• /
• 2010

Apigenin (4', 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, has shown remarkable anti-proliferative effects against various malignant cell lines. To observe the anti-proliferative effects, oral cavity cancer cell lines, $6{\times}10^3$ cells/well (96 well plate) of KB oral cavity tumor cells were plated and 24 hr later treated with apigenin for one day, after which MTT assay was performed. Apigenin induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner after incubation. Cell viability was significantly decreased in the group treated with 100 ${\mu}M$ apigenin for 24 hr (p<0.05) compared to the control group. To assess apoptosis, the nuclei of KB cells were stained with DAPI. The presence of chromatin condensation in the apigenin treated cells was detected on a fluorescent microscope (${\times}200$). We investigated the in vivo growth inhibitory effects of apigenin on oral cavity cancer KB tumor xenograft subcutaneously implanted in male nude mice. Apigenin was administered to mice by gavage at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day in 0.2ml of PBS. Tumor volume was significantly decreased in 25 and 50 mg/kg apigenin-administration groups compared to the control group. For apoptosis analysis, TUNEL staining was performed. A significant increase in TUNEL positive cells was found in the 25 mg/kg apigenin administration group compared to the non- apigenin administration group. Histopathological changes were not observed. These results indicate that apigenin inhibits oral cavity cancer cell growth through the induction of apoptosis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2009

The incidence of childhood cancer is greatest in the first year of life. Early diagnosis and advances in medicine have significantly improved outcomes of treatment resulting in higher survival rate; however, this progress comes at the expense of a higher incidence of adverse side effects because of more aggressive antineoplastic treatment strategies. The oral cavity, a trauma-prone environment, is extremely sensitive to toxicities from antineoplastic agents. Oral health care specialists, including pediatric and hospital dentists can support the oncology team by providing basic oral care, implementing oral care protocols, delivering emergency dental treatment, and assisting and/or managing oral complications from cancer therapy. This article covers the considerations in the dental management of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment, specifically chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.4049-4057
• /
• 2016

Background: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV), particularly types 16 and 18, have been found to play an important role in head and neck cancer, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). p16, a cell cycle inhibitor, has been postulated as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV, since p16 is aberrantly overexpressed in such lesions, especially in HR-HPV-positive OPSCC. However, p16 as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV infection in cancers of the oral cavity remains controversial. Objective: The objectives of the study were to investigate the expression of p16 and the presence of HR-HPV in OSCC and oral verrucous carcinoma (VC) and to determine if p16 could be used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV. Materials and Methods: Forty one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of OSCC (n=37) or VC (n=4) with clinical and histopathologic data of each case were collected. Expression of p16 was determined by immunohistochemistry, focusing on both staining intensity and numbers of positive cells. The presence of HPV types 16 and 18 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Descriptive statistics were employed to describe the demographic, clinical, and histopathologic parameters. Associations between p16 overexpression, HR-HPV and all variables were determined by Fisher's exact test, odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In addition, the use of p16 as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV was analyzed by sensitivity and specificity tests. Results: p16 was overexpressed in 8/37 cases (21.6%) of OSCC and 2/4 cases (50%) of VC. HPV-16 was detected in 4/34 OSCC cases (11.8%) and HPV-18 was detected in 1/34 OSCC cases (2.9%). Co-infection of HPV-16/18 was detected in 1/4 VC cases (25%). Both p16 overexpression and HR-HPV were significantly associated with young patients with both OSCC and VC (p<0.05, OR 20, 95% CI 1.9-211.8; p<0.05, OR 23.3, 95% CI 2.4-229.7, respectively). p16 was able to predict the presence of HPV-16/18 in OSCC with 40% sensitivity and 79.3% specificity and in VC with 100% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity, respectively. Conclusions: p16 overexpression was found in 24.4% of both OSCC and VC. HR-HPV, regardless of type, was detected in 15.8% in cases of OSCC and VC combined. The results of sensitivity and specificity tests suggest that p16 can be used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV in OSCC and VC.