• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.3-25
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• 2006

This study focus on interest for arrears and filling of the gaps left in Article 78 of CISG. In the case of CISG, Article 78 provides for interest any time a payment under a contract is untimely, but does not specify a particular rate of interest or a method to determine such a rate. This issue did not cause any uncertainty under ULIS, the CISG's antecedent, since Article 83 of ULIS provided for 1%p above the official discount rate in the creditor's country. Lacking any CISG general principle as well as any indication by the very same CISG, one can only conclude that the matter must be deferred to the domestic rule of private international law. Actually, resorting to private international law is not only admissible, but expressly required by Article 7(2). In the interpretation and filling of the gaps left in Article 78, there is a considerable difference of opinion especially amongst commentators on whether the gap is a lacuna praeter legem, i.e., one being governed by, but not expressly settled in the CISG, or whether it is an issue falling outside the scope of application of the CISG, i.e. a lacuna intra legem. The protagonists of the former view lay emphasis on the overall objective of the CISG, namely to create a uniform law, whereas the supporters of the latter view refer to the legislative history of Article 78 as the dominant principle in interpreting Article 78. Some authors believe that the issue of determining the rate of interest is not dealt with by CISG and it is, therefore, governed by the applicable domestic law, which is the subsidiary law applicable to the sales contract, since "no special connecting points seem to have developed for the entitlement to interest." In the light of the relevant case law, it seems correct to conclude that the interest rate is not determined by CISG and that courts normally determine it according to their own rules of private international law. While CISG Article 78 expressly does not deal with this issue, PICC Article 7.4.9 and PECL Article 9.508, on the other hand, set forth a precise method for computing interest. Although a method like the one set by PICC may be useful and may encourage uniformity, it still cannot be used under the CISG. The PICC or PECL formula may, however, be a very good starting point in a de jure condendum analysis when a new Article 78 will be drafted, if an interest rate method will ever be embodied in the text of an international convention.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2021

본 연구는 급격한 기술 변화의 흐름 속에서 IT서비스업 분야의 스킬 미스매칭에 대해 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 전문가 집단에 대한 심층 인터뷰 방식으로 연구가 진행되었다. 숙련노동의 수요자인 기업이 바라보는 IT 산업의 현황과 숙련노동의 공급과 관련된 교육자들이 바라보는 시각에 일부 차이가 있었다. 숙련에 대한 분석 도구로 중요도와 만족도에 대해 5점 척도를 사용하였다. 매칭이 이루어진 경우 주어진 항목들에 대한 중요도의 평균은 3.7점이었고, 만족도의 평균은 3.4점으로, 채용한 인력에 대해 어느 정도의 차이가 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 비전공자 교육생의 숙련도 수준에 대해서는 중요도의 평균이 3.79점이었으나, 만족도의 평균은 3.12점이었다. 학력, 학점, 자격증, 수상경력, 어학능력에 대해서는 중요도를 낮게 평가하는 공통점이 있었다. 전공역량의 중요도에 대해서는 매칭 전 집단에 대한 만족도보다는 매칭이 이뤄진 집단에서의 만족도가 평균 대비 높게 나타났다. 기업이 원하는 숙련은 다차원적인 역량을 포함하며, 주로 soft-skill 항목들과 관련이 높았다. IT 서비스업에 속한 기업들은 숙련 미스매치의 원인으로 산업의 인력구조가 세분화되어 있지 않은 것을 이유로 들었고, 교육기관에서는 시간의 불일치를 꼽았다. 전문가 집단들은 모두 향후 미스매치 갭이 확대될 것으로 보고 있었다. 숙련의 공급은 기술이 변해가는 속도를 따라가지 못할 것이라는 전망이었다. 갭의 해결 방안으로 전문가 모두 산학연 과정을 뽑았으며, 장기적인 안목에서 인력을 육성할 방안을 모색해야 한다고 했다.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제68권
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• pp.11-40
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• 2021

팬데믹은 코로나 이전(BC: Before Corona)과 이후(AC: After Corona)로 구분해야 할 만큼 심각하고 변화를 초래했다. 사회 관계망에서 소외되어 홀로 죽음을 맞는 개인은 물론, 일부 계층의 경제적 어려움과 의료적 불평등, 그리고 최근 서구 국가들에서 급증하는 아시아인에 대한 혐오와 폭력적 차별이 대표적인 사례들로 거론된다. 이외에도 철저하게 자국의 이익을 앞세운 국가 간 백신 확보 경쟁이 촉발한 제1세계와 제3세계 간의 현격한 백신 격차, 경제 환경과 금융시장 변화에 따른 소득 격차와 개인 및 법인의 파산에 이르기까지 팬데믹은 지구적 수준에서 '모든'(pan) '사람들'(demos)이 결코 비켜갈 수 없는 한계상황으로 기능하고 있다. 점증하는 폭력과 가난, 기근으로 위기에 처한 국가들에 팬데믹이 확산할 경우 세계가 최악의 재앙을 목격할 수 있다는 예측 역시 한편에서 제기되고 있다. 팬데믹이 초래한 사회의 일부 변화들을 검토하는 한편, 그에 따른 향후 기독교교육의 대책을 제안하기 위해 이 논문은 포스트 코로나 시대에 사회가 직면한 의료와 경제, 그리고 심리적 위기를 개략적으로 분석한다. 이어서 팬데믹 상황에서 근본적인 변화를 강력하게 요구받고 있는 기독교 신학과 선교, 그리고 예배의 변화를 차례로 살펴본다. 끝으로, 이상의 논의를 기초로 포스트 코로나 시대에 필요한 기독교교육의 새로운 방향을 제안한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.766-779
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• 2016

본 연구는 세월호 참사 보도에 드러난 '가상성'을 중심으로 매개된 현실과 실제 현실의 간극을 조명하고자 기획되었다. 방송기자연합회 저널리즘 특별위원회는 한국 언론의 세월호 보도 양상을 가리켜 저널리즘의 침몰이라고 명명할 만큼 세월호 보도는 현실 반영에 커다란 문제점을 드러냈다. 언론 보도의 가상성이 문제가 되는 것은 실제 현실보다 보도된 현실, 즉 매개 표상들을 더욱 많이 접촉하고 경험할 때, 수용자는 '실제 현실'에 근거하여 행동하기보다는 '매개된 현실'로부터 받아들인 것을 실제 상황이라 여기고 이에 근거해 반응한다는데 있다. 많은 연구에서 매체의 수용자들은 매개현실을 실제 외부세계로 받아들이는 것으로 관찰된다. 본 연구는 선행연구와 사상사에서 다루어진 '가상' 개념에 대한 중요 담론을 검토하여 매개현실의 문제와 한계를 설명하고자 하였다. 매개현실의 가상성은 여론에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 권력의 사회화, 사회 통제, 사회주도권 개념들과도 쉽게 연결 지을 수 있었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2020

Google Trends is a useful tool not only for setting search periods, but also for providing search volume to specific countries, regions, and cities. Extant research showed that the big data from Google Trends could be used for an on-line market analysis of opinion sensitive products instead of an on-site survey. This study investigated the market share of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, which is in a great demand pharmaceutical product, based on big data analysis provided by Google Trends. In this case study, the consumer interest data from Google Trends were compared to the actual product sales of Top 3 TNF-α inhibitors (Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira). A correlation analysis and relative gap were analyzed by statistical analysis between sales-based market share and interest-based market share. Besides, in the country-specific analysis, three major countries (USA, Germany, and France) were selected for market share analysis for Top 3 TNF-α inhibitors. As a result, significant correlation and similarity were identified by data analysis. In the case of Remicade's biosimilars, the consumer interest in two biosimilar products (Inflectra and Renflexis) increased after the FDA approval. The analytical data showed that Google Trends is a powerful tool for market share estimation for biosimilars. This study is the first investigation in market share analysis for pharmaceutical products using Google Trends big data, and it shows that global and regional market share analysis and estimation are applicable for the interest-sensitive products.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.277-294
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• 2022

본 연구는 최근 발생하고 있는 도서관 장서검열 문제 사례를 유형화하여 분석하고, 도서관 장서검열 주제에 대한 도서관계의 현장 인식을 분석하여 갈등상황을 조정하기 위한 과제를 찾기 위해 수행되었다. 따라서 최근의 장서검열 문제 사례를 정치적 이슈, 법률적 이슈, 선정성 이슈, 성범죄 이슈의 4가지 범주로 유형화하였으며 이에 대한 도서관계의 인식을 조사하였다. 연구결과 성범죄 관련 장서 열람 제한 조치가 장서검열이 아니라고 답하거나, 판단하기 어렵다고 답한 응답자의 비율이 총 44.5%로 해당 이슈를 장서검열로 쉽게 결정을 내릴 수 있는 문제가 아니라는 인식을 보여주었다. 한편 사서 대상 설문조사 결과, 도서관 현장에서 다양한 이유로 수서제한 또는 열람제한 조치가 필요하다는 의견이 제기되었으며, 결국 일체의 검열에 반대한다는 도서관 윤리선언과의 괴리를 나타내어 향후 이와 같은 갈등을 조정하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 보여주었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1410-1419
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• 2023

Public perception plays a crucial role in the successful completion of a nuclear power project. As a newcomer country to nuclear power, there are lots of misconceptions among the Bangladeshi people about nuclear energy. Consequently, it is crucial to minimize all the doubts among mass people and build up their positive outlook toward nuclear power. This demands a comprehensive survey to figure out the public opinion, concerns, false impressions, and knowledge gap regarding nuclear power. In the present study, these issues were addressed by a survey that was responded to by 661 persons for the 24 survey questions. The questions were categorized based on information, knowledge, faith, benefit, awareness, and technology. Feedback and responders' basic demographic and socioeconomic information were collected from various locations in Bangladesh through online and in-person surveys. The responses were analyzed in both statistical and descriptive ways. Some of the feedback was found to vary with age, sex, and education level while others were quite independent of these parameters. It is found that socioeconomic development and energy security can be achieved by the inclusion of nuclear energy in the power system master plan of the country. However, huge knowledge gaps and misconceptions were found among the public regarding nuclear energy. As per feedback, political instability and corruption may affect the national nuclear power project in Bangladesh. Low faith in the existing rules & regulations for nuclear power programs was also observed. The result of this study will be handy to develop the communication and public awareness strategy for a successful nuclear power project in Bangladesh.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

본 연구는 지역사회네트워크 기반 사회복지프로그램 기획을 준비함에 있어 컨셉트 맵핑을 활용하고 그 적용가능성을 경험적으로 확인하는 것이다. 컨셉트 맵핑은 다양한 이해관계자들 사이의 모호하고 복잡한 아이디어를 구조화하여 시각적으로 제시해 주는 의사결정 도구이다. 이미 상담, 간호, 공중보건 등 휴먼서비스 영역을 중심으로 프로그램 기획 및 평가 과정에서 나타나는 복잡하고 추상적인 아이디어를 개념화하는데 활용되고 있다. 최근, 우리나라에서도 상담 및 의료 영역에서 서비스 제공자와 이용자 간의 존재하는 성과의 차이를 경험적으로 인지하고, 합의를 이끌어 내는 도구로 활용하고 그 효과성이 발표되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산광역시 북구에서 아동 청소년을 대상으로 진행되고 있는 부산공동모금회지원 CI사업의 3차년도 사업기획을 준비하면서 사업주체들이 기대하는 성과를 컨셉트 맵핑을 활용하여 개념화하였다. 컨셉트 맵핑은 준비 단계, 아이디어 수집 단계, 서술문 구조화 단계, 표현 단계, 분석결과 해석 단계, 유용화 단계로 이루어졌다. 참여자들은 부산 북구 사회복지기관 종사자 11명이였으며, 이들이 제시한 서술문은 총 60개였다. 이들이 제시한 서술문을 유사성 행렬 형태로 전환하여 다차원 척도법 분석을 실시하였다. 군집은 총 5개로, '아동 청소년의 인식 및 태도변화', '아동 청소년 체계의 변화', '우호적인 지역사회 형성', '지역주민의 변화', '사업공급주체의 변화'였다. 이 중 가장 우선적으로 성취되어야 할 성과는 '아동 청소년의 인식 및 태도 변화'로, 이 성과를 중심으로 3차년도 사업을 기획하게 되었다. 컨셉트 맵핑을 활용하여 성과를 개념화하는 의사결정과정을 거치면서, 참여 구성원들은 사업의 성과에 대해 명확하게 개념화하였고, 이 성과에 대한 합의가 도출되었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine what the role of denial hygienist was. The subjects were 751 dental hygienists from dental clinics, dental hospitals, general hospitals, public dental clinics and their branches throughout the nation. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0, and variance analysis and post-analysis were implemented. And Forgarty's 8th integrated model, out of 10 ones, was selected to delve into the practical role of dental hygienist in detail. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The three age groups had a significantly different opinion on the significance of individual subjects. The dental hygienists of thirty six and over found the basic and preventive public dental care courses most important, and the 31~35 age group placed most stock in education and research. Overall, the post-analysis results showed that prevention and clinical courses were considered most vital, followed by education and fundamental courses. 2. There was a significant gap between four groups from the different work places in their view of the weight of the individual subjects. According to the post-analysis, the dental hygienists from the general hospitals, public dental clinics and their branches gave more weight to fundamental, education and research areas. Those who were with the dental clinics, dental hospitals and general hospitals put higher value on clinical course than the dental hygienists from the public dental clinics and their branches. 3. Two groups with a different career also had a different outlook on the importance of the individual subjects. The post-analysis results illustrated that the dental hygienists who had worked for three years or more put higher stress on the fundamental course than those with a less career, and the dental hygienists with a five-year or higher career attached more importance to the education and research field than those with a smaller career. 4. There was a significant difference between the three age groups in their clinical role. The post-analysis results indicated thai the younger dental hygienists were more of assistants than of professionals, as they chiefly took X-ray photograph, handled treatment materials or performed treatment-related works. Overall, handling treatment materials was most common. 5. The three groups from the different work places significantly varied in their clinical role. According to the post-analysis, those from the dental clinics and dental hospitals took more x-ray photographs, handled more treatment materials and performed more relevant works, compared to those from the general hospitals, public dental clinics and their branches. 6. The two groups with a different career differed significantly in their clinical role. The post-analysis results suggested that the dental hygienists with a less career played an assistant role more, which handled treatment materials or carried out other relevant works. 7. The fundamental courses (I) and (II), preventive class (I) and (II) and its practice course were regarded as integrated subjects that they should take 10 offer preventive treatment, which was one of the dental hygienist missions. What's needed to act as dental-care educators was the basic courses (I) and (II), dental hygiene education and its practice. Finally, integrated clinical courses (I) and (II) and clinical practice were viewed as necessary for their role performance as dental treatment collaborators.