• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.6 s.154
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• pp.961-970
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• 2006

This study attempted to understand post-purchase consumer return experiences which had not received much attention in consumer behavior research. As a first step to understand return experiences from consumers' viewpoint, the study took an exploratory approach and identified themes and patterns from subjective consumer experiences. Whenever possible, attribution theory was applied to interpret the identified patterns. A total of 99 cases were collected from an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed based on a qualitative method. The reasons of product return was classified into five groups: changing mind; product defects; unsuitable products; products not expected; and for a better deal. External attribution was observed for return decisions caused by consumers' changed mind as well as by product defects. Dissatisfaction with defected products seemed to be intensified or reduced by service failure or success in the post-purchase service encounter. Consumer expectation and situations seemed to affect this process. Overall, the study supported attribution theory in the post-purchase return experience, and insights for research questions were proposed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

Debriefing is a conversational session that revolves around the sharing and examining of information after a specific event has taken place. Debriefing may follow a simulated or actual experience and provides a forum for the learners to reflect on the experience and learn from their mistakes. Originating from the military and aviation industry, it is used on a daily basis to reflect and improve the performance in other high-risk industries. Expert debriefers may facilitate the reflection by asking open-ended questions to probe into the framework of the learners and apply lessons learned to future situations. Debriefing has been proven to improve clinical outcomes such as the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest and the teaching of teamwork and communication in pediatrics. Incorporating debriefing into clinical practice would facilitate the cultural change necessary to talk more openly about team performance and learn from near misses, errors, and successes that will improve not only clinical outcome but also patient safety.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.343-353
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was performed to identify and understand the nature of attitude patterns regarding dying process exhibited in the elderly persons who lived in the community setting. Method: Q methodology was applied. Ten elderly were selected from the senior centers and requested to answer open ended questions by using written questionnaires. Additionally, 12 other elderly from different senior centers were interviewed in depth, and their statements were recorded via voice pen by researchers to derive Q-population. From the 120 Q-population, 33 Q-sample were selected. 22 P-sample were rated by 1 to 9 point scale respectively for Q-sorting. For Q-type analysis, pc QUNAL was used. Result: Three types of attitude patterns were identified, which were valuing dignity, seeking provision of nature, and avoiding of dying process. Conclusion: The significance of this study is as follows : Discovery of 3 attitude patterns of elderly toward dying, better understanding about elderly's perspectives for favorable dying, and informations for possible development of nursing strategies for elderly who is facing death.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2013

Objectives: The study was performed to investigate job-seeking stress for university students who have a major in healthcare. Methods: For the analysis, 10 fourth-year students who are willing to get a job were interviewed. Interviews were conducted from October 2011 to November 2011 for 2 weeks. The data were collected with semi-structured open-ended questions and analysed by the method of Consensual Qualitative Research(CQR). Results: The main reasons for the job-seeking stress for students were insufficient preparation for getting a job, uncertainty, anxiety, pressure, and age. A reinforcing factor for stress was family. Conclusions: Universities should provide educational, psychological, and economic supports to job-seeking students majoring healthcare because of their relatively fewer opportunities for getting a job compared to those who have a major in non-healthcare.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of moral distress among nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used for the study. Data were collected from May to July, 2019 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were nurses working in long-term care hospitals and had reported experiences of moral distress. Nine nurses participated in this study. Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: (1) confusion and distress about the meaning of care, (2) a feeling of helplessness caused by connivance, (3) enduring in the organization. Conclusion: Sufficient labor supply, environmental improvements, programs for improving interpersonal skills, education and counseling on end-of-life care, and recognition improvement about long-term care hospitals are suggested to reduce the moral distress of long-term care hospital nurses.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-178
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• 2000

Institutions included in this study of emergency short term shelters for children in crisis included 2 public counseling centers providing short term protection services for children and 12 emergency shelters for runaway children located in a metropolitan city in Korea. The institutions were examined with respect to their establishment, management, and programs. The researcher visited and interviewed workers employed in the institutions. In additions, 12 children who had been cared for emergency shelters were surveyed with open-ended questions. The data consisted of information on founders, locations, purpose, current management, personnel, length of care, and number and grouping of children. Programs and daily schedules were also examined. Effective models of emergency short term shelters were discussed on the basis of the collected data.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1993

1980년 이래로 자연현상에 관한 유년적 사고에 관한 연구가 국내,외에 활발히 보고되어 왔지만, 그 근원에 관한 연구는 다소 소홀히 다루어져 왔다. 연구는 천문학에 관한 학생들의 유년적 사고와 그 사고의 근원을 조사한 것이다. 이의 대상은 국민학교 6학년 5명, 중학교 2학년 5명, 고등학교 1학년 5명으로 하였다. 연구방법으로는 질문지법(Open-ended Written Questions)과 면접법(Interview)을 이용하였다. 이 연구에서는 계절 변화, 달 위상 변화의 원인에 관하여, 국민학생에서 고등학생에 이르기까지 대다수의 학생들이 유년적 사고를 지니고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌고, 이들 유년적 사고의 근원으로는 '학교 교사'와 '교과서' 라고 대답하는 학생이 대부분으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.264-274
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the health concept of college women and their pattern of health behavior, The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionaire which include open-ended questions. The subjects were 195 college women ages from 19 to 25 years. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts by college women were physical well-being, powerfulness, ability of role performance, ability of social adaptation. emotional stability, satisfactory life, harmony. 2. Health behaviors cleanliness by college women were : taking food selectively, maintaining cleanliness, making an effort to be healthy, avoiding stimulents. living positively, relaxing physically, endeavoring to maintain physical function.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and explore the essences of Korean mothers' experiences of caring for visually impaired children. Methods: Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. Five mothers of children with visual impairments participated in the interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. Results: Analysis with Colaizzi's method showed two categories which included 14 themes in 4 theme clusters. The first category was 'surviving in the dark reality' included 2 theme clusters, of 'outcrying in the darkness' and 'enduring the darkness while caring for my child alone'. The second category was 'living as the light of maternal affection' including 2 theme clusters of 'preparing the light to shine in the darkness' and 'going through the darkness with the lights of love'. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide deep understanding of mothers' experiences of caring for visually impaired children. Based on the results of the study, health professionals can develop effective family nursing interventions to improve the quality of life for these families including the visually impaired children and their mothers.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.303-325
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• 2003

This study sought to provide an explanation of university students' concept understanding on the infinity and infinite process and utilized a psychological constructivist perspective to examine the differences in transitions that students make from static concept of limit to actualized infinity stage in context of problems. Open-ended questions were used to gather data that were used to develop an explanation concerning student understanding. 47 university students answered individually and were asked to solve 16 tasks developed by Petty(1996). Microgenetic method with two cases from the expert-novice perspective were used to develop and substantiate an explanation regarding students' transitions from static concept of limit to actualized infinity stage. The protocols were analyzed to document student conceptions. Cifarelli(1988)'s levels of reflective abstraction and Robert(1982) and Sierpinska(1985)'s three-stage concept development model of infinity and infinite process provided a framework for this explanation. Students who completed a transition to actualized infinity operated higher levels of reflective abstraction than students who was unable to complete such a transition. Developing this ability was found to be critical in achieving about understanding the concept of infinity and infinite process.