• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Purpose: For several decades, open reduction has been a controversial issue in mandibular condyle fracture. The authors have successfully used the open reduction and internal fixation with retromandibular approach and have found it to be satisfactory for mandibular condyle fracture. Methods: A total of 10 patients with mandibular condyle fracture underwent open surgical treatment using retromandibular approach. The incision for the retromandibular approach was carried below the ear lobe and the facial nerve branches were identified. Dissection was continued until the fracture site was exposed and internal fixation was performed with miniplate following intermaxillary fixation. The average period of joint immobilization was 1 weeks and the arch bars were removed in 3 weeks on average. The preoperative and postoperative panoramic view and three-dimensional computed tomography were compared. During the follow up period, we evaluated the presence of malocclusion, chin deviation, trismus, pain, click sound, facial nerve palsy, hypertrophic scar and skin fistula. Results: According to the radiographic findings, the fractured condyle was reducted satisfactorily in all patients without any symptoms of facial palsy. During the follow up period ranged form 6 to 12 months, all clinical symptoms were improved except in one case with chin deviation and malocclusion. Conclusion: Using open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condyle fracture with retromandibular approach, all results were satisfactory with good functional outcomes and minimal complication. We concluded that the open surgical treatment should be considered as the first choice for mandibular condyle fracture management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.946-955
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to present the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume for developing 'Korean' fashion design can be accepted in general in the modern times. For this purpose, documentary studies about the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional art and Korean traditional costume were preceded. And the perception of the Korean traditional costume were studied according to Belong's two criteria, body priority/ clothes priority and open/closed. Next, the aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume were re-defined. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional art are the beauty of nature, the purity, and the pleasantry. As the beauty of nature is the important one, the purity is caused by the love of nature. The pleasantry is as a way of expression. 2) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume through the documentary studies stand for as the beauty of nature, the purity, the beauty of evil's eye, the beauty of symbolism, the beauty of personality, the beauty of tragedy and the beauty of tradition. 3) Korean traditional costume are perceived as clothes priority and open. 4) The aesthetic values of the Korean traditional costume can be re-defined as the beauty of nature, the purity, and the pleasantry. The beauty of nature comes from the 'natural' look, the exposure of the fabric as itself and the organic lines of the Korean traditional costume. The purity comes from the geometrical squared clothing form of Korean traditional costume which doesn't revive the human body form. The Pleasantry is seen the colors and motifs of costumes that have the human's hope and incantation and the exaggeration and distortion of human body form.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3237-3243
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze city's built environment that have influence on residents' health in the 40 small and medium-sized cities. In the study, landuse, urban form and facility accessibility of cities and other socio-demographic variables were used as explanatory variables, and a statistical analysis was carried out by applying multi-level analysis. Analysis shows that a high level of population density lower the obesity, and a high level of landuse-mix have a positive effect on EQ-5D & hypertension. In terms of urban form and facility accessibility, residents show a high level of obesity in an environment where roads are closely connected and access to bus service is bad. Finally, as more access to open space have a positive effect on EQ-5D. Therefore, landuse-mix, access to public transportation and open space should be used for planning factors to make a health improvement plan in cities.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-241
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• 2012

Kuramata Shiro's design has been evaluated as an unseen type of beauty. He created totally different aesthetics from functional furniture by utilizing glass, acrylic, and expanded steel mesh which usually are inappropriate for making furniture. Kuramata told that his design always starts from zero status. By doing so, he could be free from the existing notion and form of furniture. This means that every function and every form must be based on his own understanding and experiment in order to produce newness. Owing to these efforts, we can regard his design as artworks. Kuramata tried to bring forth formative lines inside contour of furniture rather than to deform only the formal outlines of furniture. These lines are very delicate and sometimes ephemeral. But they establish formal potentiality of phenomenological being of beauty. Also those lines are built from humble industrial material but they open the truth of thing itself and introduce the beauty to field of aletheia. At the same time, transcending limitation of function and use, they leave pure form and temporariness. So, lines become a field of Heideggerian rift which produces embodiment of form. We can appreciate his design through these lines that are relatively thin but vivid enough to follow his original world of art.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.15-29
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• 2007

H. $W\"{o}lfflin's$ methodology created viewpoint of art history which is an essential factor of art, and proposed formal analysis as an academic methodology specific to art history. H. $W\"{o}lfflin's$ expressed the see-form a as the five pair concepts which are summarized by 'linear-painterly' 'the plane-the deep'. 'closed form-open form', 'multiplicity-unity', 'absolute clarity-relative clarity'. His methodology is not only in the field of art and architecture but also clothing because during the same period have a relative tendency of thought, culture, politics and economics each other. As the result of this study were as follows. Renaissance of 16 century, the style of dress was enormous and dignified by body support outfit, hard puffs, slashes, padding and expansive jewels. It make appearance of man and woman absolute clarity because Classicism styles of aesthetic consciousness is geometrically perfect form and symmetry and restrained harmony, magnificent. Baroque of 17 century, the style of dress was vigorous mobility and subtle balance by abundant and free silhouette, soft collar, magnificent ribbon loop and tassel without body support outfit. It make appearance of man and woman comfortable and natural because Baroque styles of aesthetic consciousness is extraordinary degree of originality and creativity that was evident in the devising of new styled.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-179
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• 2024

Based on the case of collaboration between large companies and startups, this study suggests the importance of establishing mutual cooperation and trust relationships for the success of open innovation strategy from the perspective of cooperative game theory. It also provides implications for how this can be implemented. Due to information asymmetry and differences in organizational culture and decision-making structures between large companies and startups, collaboration is likely to proceed in the form of non-cooperative games among players in general open innovation, leading to the paradox of open innovation, which lowers the degree of innovation. Accordingly, this study conducted a case study on collaboration between large company 'G' and startup 'S' based on the research question "How did we successfully promote open innovation through cooperative game-type collaboration?" The study found that successful open innovation requires (1) setting clear collaboration goals to solve the organizational problem between large companies and startups, (2) supporting human resources for qualitative growth of startups to solve reliability problems, (3) leading to strategic investment and joint promotion of new projects to solve the profit distribution problem. This study is significant in that it contributes to expanding the discussion of the success factors of open innovation to the importance of interaction and strategic judgment considering the organizational culture and decision-making structure among players, and empirically confirming the success conditions of open innovation from the perspective of cooperative game theory.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

Korea Protestant slower growth and social church's changes in the environment of the traditional worship center for the sermon to a variety of changes was required, because of this period reflects the availability of a new type of worship was to appear. These changes in the type of worship in the form of the worship space, and space configuration is affecting many more. This study was the type of church korea today, the type is classified as a traditional worship and contemporary worship, and to characterize the category by a change in the type of church worship space in the configuration that affects cases throughout the analysis was to investigate, study follows. Traditional worship the center of the altar, the altar placed platform form, a vertical elevation of the platform sheet form, the installation of the cross, place the side of the choir seats, church chair type attribute appears tradition and in part compressed pulpit appears symbolism. Contemporary worship to the exclusion of the symbolic elements of the platform open, flat sheet form and the platform was the preferred form of minor elevations of the flat, multi-purpose space used for worship to sermon platform placed around the altar of the adjustable type, the choir seats placed in scheelite, preferred form of scheelite was an individual chair. However, the characteristics of traditional and contemporary worship space features a mix of worship space, quite a lot of cases that have been found. Integrated and consistent element of the worship space, the worship of the discrepancy in the form of systematic theological depth analysis did not come true without lust about contemporary culture is changing rapidly to accommodate sprawl is judged. Therefore, the characteristics of the type of worship and prayer to understand the changes in the church building is a prerequisite to be a very important aspect.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.371-382
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• 2000

Fashion, a means of communication, is the symbol conveying the social information and the individual identity. The opulence of material and the development of civilization make the sign of fashion variable and individual; especially, The importance of hair style among the today's sign of fashion, as a determinant element in judging each person's look is emphasized. Kitsch, based on the variety and the individuality is the manner of art in diverse hobbies. In addition, it enlarges the sphere of modern an, creates new open aesthetic world. Therefore, we need to understand the symbol of Kitsch aestetic represented in hair style, which is meaningful. The method of this study is quality analysis by means of semiology, aesthetics, Fashion artical, magazine, atc. To support this statement, we will study the form, a primary symbol, and the ideology, a secondly one in $\ulcorner$Mythologies$\lrcorner$ of Roland Bartes(1972). Then by means of the form and the ideology, we will try to recognize the myth, an essential symbol. The result of this study is following like these three points. First, the Kitsch patterns of representation in hair style use the accumulation by an excessive ornamentation; the inappropriateness by the lack of form, the disagreement, the unbalance, and the nonfunctional form; and finally, the amusement by the reconstruction, the exotic, and the satire. The above three is true to the Barthes's primary symbol-the form. Second, the anti-traditionality(including the lack of form, the disagreement, and the unbalance), the homesickness(including the reconstruction and the exotic), and the eclecticism(including the parody and the mixed imitation) are created as the ideology of the liberal artistic notion, different from the past outlooks on aesthetic. This is true to the Barthes's secondly symbol-the ideology. Third, the form and the ideology enable us to express our own thoughts and to recover the humanity, which is the primary purpose of Kitsch aesthetic. The Kitsch hair style, as we witness, does lead the varied and liberal aesthetic world, create its accessible value, and place the art of hair style in a higher status.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2015

Information and communications technology facilitates collaboration among individuals by functioning as an open platform for open collaboration projects. In this regard, this study aims to understand the network characteristics of participants who contribute greatly to open collaboration by investigating the mutual cooperation network in an open source project, which represents a form of open collaboration based on social network theory. To achieve this objective, this study analyzes the network centrality of developers with a high number of commits, particularly 8,101 developers in 782 repositories in GitHub, a representative open source platform. This study also determines how the relationship between network centrality and number of commits depends on the size of a repository network and the presence of a hub. Consequently, the number of commits by developers with high degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality is increasing. Among which, betweenness centrality has the highest explanatory power. Furthermore, when a hub is present and as network size increases, the relationship between the betweenness centrality of a developer and his/her number of commits continues to grow. This study is expected to provide suggestions for the successful performance of open collaboration projects in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

In this study, we analyze the case of Moon Jae-In's government based on the specific public enterprises. The public companies that were the subject of the study were evaluated as having done a good job of open innovation through open innovation evaluation. In this study, we analyzed the success factors of open innovation through collaborative in - depth interviews with public corporations, public agencies and local farmers. First, it was important to share goals to form a consensus to seek cooperation among the cooperative actors. It is very important to recognize that each other has a mutually beneficial relationship and move toward a common goal. In addition, it was found that the incentive system for continuously participating in collaborations or innovations is very important. Therefore, in order to encourage collaboration, it is necessary for public institutions to establish an incentive system such as personnel compensation or economic compensation.