• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1994

This study was carried out to know correlation between age and balance performance. factors to effect on balance and prepare the basic data in balance performance evaluation clinically. 180 adults without neurosurgical and orthopedic disability from 20 to 79 years of age participated in this study voluntarily. The subjects performed One Legged Stance Test in five conditions 1) eye open 2) eye close 3) eye open & ear close 4) eye & ear close 5) on sponge. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean balance performance time by one legged stance test was 25.97 seconds in eye open, 10.45 seconds in eye close, 23.14 seconds in eye open & ear close, 10.18 seconds in eye & ear close and 23.15 seconds in on sponge. 2. The balance performance declined according to age increasing. 3. The visual factor effected on balance performance greatly. 4. The auditory factor effected less than visual factor on balance performance 5. The compliant surface effected on balance performance in over-fifty age group greatly.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 1997년도 학술대회
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• pp.24-27
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• 1997

$\cdot$ aims for open stabilization: anatomic restoration optimal stabilization $\cdot$ open stabilization: predictable results acceptable recurrence rates few complications good range of motion $\cdot$ wide eye for open, narrow eye for scopy

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

이미지나 동영상은 텍스트보다도 많은 정보를 함축하고 있기 때문에 이를 추출해내고 분석하는 일은 매우 중요한 일이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동영상에서 사람의 얼굴을 검출하고, 눈의 영역이 확인된 이미지를 이용하여 눈의 개폐와 눈동자의 위치를 판단하는 방법을 제시하였다. 색상을 흑백으로 양극화하고 수평화하여 이미지를 정규화한 후, 눈가의 수평, 수직의 모서리 점들을 파악하여 측정치를 얻어낸다. 이를 통하여 눈의 개폐와 눈동자의 위치를 판단한다. 동영상에서 얻어낸 임의의 52개의 눈 이미지를 실험대상으로 처리하여 눈의 개폐를 98% 검출하고 95%의 정확도로 눈동자 위치를 판단하는 실험결과를 얻었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.700-702
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• 2018

본 논문은 OpenCV를 이용해서 몸을 움직이지 못하는 루게릭병 환자들을 위해 동공을 추적하여 의사소통하는 시스템을 소개한다. OpenCV를 이용한 얼굴 및 눈동자 추적과, Python환경에서 눈의 움직임 검출과 문자를 출력한다. 본 논문에서는 웹캠을 사용하고 눈동자를 추적하고 눈동자의 좌표 값에 따라 눈동자의 움직임을 파악하고 사용자의 의도에 맞는 문자를 출력한다. 누구나 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 블루투스를 이용하여 핸드폰으로 쉽게 문자를 출력할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare the relation between vestibular function and balance skills in normal with heating-impaired children. The subjects were 20 normal children (8-10 years) and 20 hearing-impaired children (8-10 years). The SCPNT was used to assess vestibular function, then, functional reach test and backward walking test were usee to compare dynamic balance skills of normal and hearing-impaired children according to existence of visual input. The results were as follows : 1. In SCPNT, normal and hearing-impaired children showed statistical significance in all left-sided and right-sided rotations(p<.01), and the vestibular function responses of healing-impaired children were normal $20\%$, abnormal $45\%$, absent $35\%$. 2, To compare dynamic balance skills between normal and healing-impaired according to eye open and eye close, functional reach test did not show statistical significance in eye open situation(p>.05), but showed statistical significance in eye close situation(p<.05). 3. Backward walking test showed statistical significance in eye open and eye close situation(p<.01).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2012

Purpose: We investigated balance change in patients with low back pain (LBP) by comparing postural sway velocity between young LBP patients and healthy subjects. Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 37 young patients with over 3-month duration of LBP and 38 healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. All subjects were targeted by measuring their balance during quiet standing with open eye and closed eye conditions. The postural sway velocity between the LBP patients and healthy subjects was compared. As well, postural sway velocity was determined in the LBP patients with both eyes open and closed. Results: Significant differences were evident in the anteroposterior and mediolateral mean velocity of center-of-pressure between LBP patients and healthy subjects, and in LBP patients in the eye open and eye closed conditions. Conclusion: The balance of young LBP patients was worse than healthy subjects during quiet standing, and was especially lessened in the absence of vision.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

Background: To evaluate the influences of Eye movement program applied to elderly people on static balance. Methods: The subjects consisted of fourteen elderly people. The subjects were divided into two group. The control group (n=7) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The Eye movement program training (E/P) group (n=7) performed balance training using word card and batom. E/P group were accomplished during 4weeks (5 day/week, 60 min/day). All tests were completed before and after experiment. The static balance ability was measured by normal standing when eye open and close on good balance system, respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 3 item; mean X speed, mean Y speed and velocity moment. Results: The result of this study were as follows: 1. In E/P group, the statistically significants were shown on only mean Y speed in the case of normal standing when eye open (p<.05), but the statistically significants were not shown on mean X, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye close (p>.05). 2. In control group, the statistically significants were not shown on all posture (p>.05). 3. There was a statistically significant difference on the mean Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye open between control group and E/P group (p<.05). Conclusions: The above results revealed that balance training using Eye movement program were partly effective for improving the static balance ability.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2004

This study approaches the effects of Balance Training on excercise performance and the prevention from the injuries caused by excercise. The subjects of the Balance Training program are female exercise beginners and the research period covers 8 weeks from January 10 to March 7, 2003. The research objects are 19 female golf beginners in 30s to 40s, who live in Seoul or Seongnam in Gyeonggi province and have played golf less than 6 months. The programs of the Balance Training and exercise performance were conducted to an 11 experimental group among the 19 research objects at the same time, and only the exercise performance program was applied to an 8 control group for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks' application of the research programs to each group, the research subjects were examined, especially the components of their bodies, the balance and the performance capability were measured both before and after the test. The frequency of injuries by exercise was measured after the test, and the difference of the frequency was compared with the frequency before exercise. First, the experimental group, in a measurement of balance, showed that SN, MB, SAr and SAg of static balance decreased in a situation of MEO, MEC, GEO, GEC, TBEO, TBO, FHEO, FEO(p <0.05), but the control group increased. Second, the analysis on the change of exercise performance indicated better improvement in distance, ball speed, and accuracy of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Third, the experience of injuries showed that there were 2 injuries in the experimental group and 11 injuries in the control group. The injured parts were 2 cases in the hands and fingers of the experimental group, and 1 case in the shoulder, 4 in the elbows, 4 in the hands and fingers and 2 in the lumber of the control group. From the above-mentioned results, it is recognized that the Balance Training program improved the exercise performance of female golf beginners and had good effects on the prevention from injuries. Accordingly, if this program is applied to sports-beginners, it will contribute to the improvement of the public health.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

It is known that most people have a dominant eye, even though each of their two eyes in isolation may provide equal vision. In this study, 600 Korean male and female subjects aging from 11 to 78 were selected to investigate the various statistics about eye dominance( whether the left or right eye is dominant} in Korean and their employment characteristics of preferred eye in sighting diverse things. A simple sighting test was applied such that subjects are requested to aim a distance target through small hole in B4 sized paper with both eyes open. The dominant eye was determined by alternate occlusion: when viewing with the dominant eye into the hole is aligned with the target, whereas when viewing with the other eye into the hole appears offset to one side. The descriptive statistics showed that 83.7% and 16.3% were right and left eye dominant respectively. Moreover, various statistical analysis revealed that general tendency of eye dominance was varied by age, gender, hand dominance and visual acuity. It was thus found from these results that people sighting their eyes differently depending on the eye dominance when they sight things.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 변형된 하우스더프 거리 (MDH: Modified Hausdorff Distance)를 이용한 눈 개폐 감지 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 얼굴 검출과 눈 개폐 감지로 크게 구분된다. 얼굴 영역의 검출을 위하여 고정 크기의 영역 내에서 픽셀 값을 이용하는 지역 구조특성의 MCT (Modified Census Transform)특징기반 방법을 사용하였다. 이후, 검출된 얼굴 영역 내에서 MHD를 이용하여 눈의 위치 및 개폐를 판단한다. 얼굴 검출의 처리절차는 먼저, 오프라인에서 다양한 얼굴 영상에 대해 MCT 이미지를 생성하고, 이를 기반으로 PCA를 이용하여 기준이 되는 특징벡터들을 추출한다. 다음으로, 온라인에서는 입력되는 실험 영상 내에서 새롭게 추출된 특징벡터들과 기준이 되는 특징 벡터들 간의 유클리드 거리를 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 검출하는 순서로 진행된다. 이후, 검출된 얼굴 영역 내에서 MHD 기반의 눈 영역 검출과 템플릿 매칭을 수행하여 눈의 개폐를 감지한다. 제안하는 방법의 성능 검증을 위하여 그레이 스케일 영상 (30FPS, $320{\times}180$)을 입력으로 실험을 수행한 결과, 눈 계폐 검출율에서 평균 94.04%의 정확도를 달성하였다.