• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.23-50
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the hierarchical linear relationship among receptivity to organizational change, individual variables of professors and organizational variables in junior colleges. The population for this study was 12,920 professors in 139 junior colleges. Using random sampling method considering subject, 800 professors in 40 colleges were sampled for this study. The data were collected from May 26 to June 13. A total of 445 out of 800 questionnaires were returned of which 441 of 40 junior colleges were used for analysis after data cleaning. These data were analyzed by both descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA with Random Effects, Ranmdom-Coefficients Regression Model, and Intercepts-and Slopes-as-Outcomes Model of hierarchical linear model(HLM). All data analysis was accomplished using the SPSS 20.0 for windows program and the HLM 6.0 for windows program. An alpha level of 0.05 was established priori for determining the significance. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the level of receptivity to organizational change of professions in junior college was 3.94. Second, 56.5% of total variance in receptivity to organizational change was individual level variance. 43.5% of total variance in receptivity to organizational change was organizational level variance. Third, personal valence about organizational change, psychological ownership, experience of assignment, years of service and job security had positive effects on receptivity to organizational change while years of service had negative effects on receptivity to organizational change. The effect of personal valence about organizational change was highest, and the effect of job security was lowest. Fourth, degree of organizational change, participative decision-making, group culture and accessibility of information related to organizational change had positive effects on receptivity to organizational change. The effect of degree of organizational change was highest, and the effect of accessibility of information related to organizational change was lowest.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.293-307
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• 2015

Social commerce has a large impact on the emergence of the concept of society and individual lives that is recognized as one of the most important business areas in the Internet environment. A marketing agency, Trend Monitor (http://www.trendmonitor.co.kr), conducted a survey on social commerce usage and satisfaction level; subsequently, we used survey result data from 221 adult males and females for our research sample. Data analyses were conducted by reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, t -test or one-way analysis of variance, and structural equation model (SEM) with IMB SPSS ver. 21.0 and ver. AMOS ver. 21.0. This study focused on multi-dimensional consumer innovativeness and found three elements of acceptability, competence, and distribution. Empirical verification through SEM presented data that suggests the three consumer innovativeness factors have a direct positive effect on social commerce that causes factors to indirectly affect satisfaction levels. This study indicated that the main consumption patterns in modern society take advantage of social commerce and satisfaction by improving a market economy to promote restoration. First, this study considers consumer innovativeness to have three factors. Secondly, research results help to understand relations between consumer innovativeness, use and satisfaction with social commerce that can help the social commerce industry establish effective market strategies through consumer innovativeness. The conclusion discusses implications for academic research and marketing strategies.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2022

Purpose: Dental diagnostic records derived from study models are a popular method of obtaining reliable and vital information. Conventional plaster models are the most common method, however, they are being gradually replaced by digital impressions as technology advances. Moreover, three-dimensional dental models are becoming increasingly common in dental offices, and various methods are available for obtaining them. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement of dental digital models by comparing them with conventional plaster and to determine their clinical validity. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 16 patients' maxillary and mandibular dental models. Tooth size (TS), intercanine width (ICW), intermolar width (IMW), and Bolton analysis were taken by using a digital caliper on a plaster model obtained from each patient, while intraoral scans were manually measured using two digital analysis software. A one-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the dental measurements of the three methods. Result: No significant differences were reported between the TS, the ICW and IMW, and the Bolton analysis through the conventional and two digital groups. Conclusion: Measurements of TS, arch width, and Bolton analysis produced from digital models have shown acceptable clinical validity. No significant differences were observed between the three dental measurement techniques.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2023

Seed dispersal supports community structure, maintains genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes, and influences vegetation assemblages. In the Philippines, only two seed dispersal studies have compared different dispersal agents. We examined the seed dispersal patterns of water, wind, birds, and bats in the Caliraya Watershed, Philippines. We aimed to determine the floral species that were dispersed and how the forest characteristics influenced seed dispersal. By running seed rain traps and drift litter collection from March to June 2022, we analyzed 14,090 seeds in a privately owned study site within the watershed. Water did not exclusively disperse any species and acted as a secondary disperser. Seed density (seeds/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=166) and bat-dispersed (n=145) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=79) seeds (One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F_2,87=16.21, P<0.0001). Species number (species/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=3.7) and bat-dispersed (n=3.9) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=0.2) seeds (One-way ANOVA: F_2,87 =16.67, P<0.0001). Birds dispersed more species because they are more diverse and access a wider variety of fruits, unlike bats. Birds and bats target different fruits and provide separate seed dispersal services. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that the number and basal area of fleshy fruit trees most strongly influenced the bird seed dispersal patterns. Therefore, we recommend a three-way approach to restoration efforts in the Caliraya Watershed: (1) ensure the presence of fleshy fruit trees in restoration zones, (2) assist the establishment of mid-successional and wind-dispersed trees, and (3) intensify the conservation efforts for both flora and faunal diversity.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate how internal structures influence the overall and marginal accuracy of full arch preparations fabricated through additive manufacturing in different printing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A full-arch preparation digital model was set up with three internal designs, including solid, hollow, and grid. These were printed using three different resin printers with nine models in each group. After scanning, each data was imported into the 3D data processing software together with the master cast, aligned and trimmed, and then put into the 3D data analysis software again to compare the overall and marginal deviation whose results are expressed using root mean square values and color maps. To evaluate the trueness of the resin model, the test data and reference data were compared, and the precision was evaluated by comparing the test data sets. Color maps were observed for qualitative analysis. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method was used for post hoc comparison (α = .05). RESULTS. The influence of different internal structures on the accuracy of 3D printed resin models varied significantly (P < .05). Solid and grid models showed better accuracy, while the hollow model exhibited poor accuracy. The color maps show that the resin models have a tendency to shrink inwards. CONCLUSION. The internal structure design influences the accuracy of the 3D printing model, and the effect varies in different printing systems. Irrespective of the kind of printing system, the printing accuracy of hollow model was observed to be worse than those of solid and grid models.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of student question-centered lessons for bi-directional faculty-student communication. Methods: This study performed one-group pretest-posttest design; participants were university students majoring in health science (nursing 58, physical therapy 45) in city C. Data was collected and the program was conducted from March 3 to June 14, 2014. Measurements employed were the ARCS model of motivational design, self-assertiveness, learning satisfaction, and interpersonal relationship. Data was analyzed through frequency statistics, descriptive statistics, and repeated measurement of one-way analysis of variance with the SPSS 19.0 program. Results: In this student question-centered lesson participants exhibited significant enhanced satisfaction in terms of learning motivation, learning satisfaction, self-assertiveness, behavioral assertiveness, general assertiveness, and sensibility regarding interpersonal relationships. Conclusion: The results suggest that student question-centered lessons are applicable to a variety of subjects. Also, for comparative purposes, a faculty-centered lesson will be undertaken.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore self-directed learning ability and its affecting factors among undergraduate students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Using a convenience sampling method, data were collected from 196 undergraduate students enrolled in one national university. Negative psychological tendency (i.e. Type D personality), academic engagement, and self-directed learning ability were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of covariance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression, using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: The mean age of the students was $21.61{\pm}2.40years$ and 56.6% were male students. Approximately, one third (n=67, 34.2%) of the students had Type D personality. The average scores of academic engagement and self-directed learning ability were $3.01{\pm}1.14$ and $3.46{\pm}0.50$, respectively. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, the Type D personality and academic engagement were significant predictors of self-directed learning ability (${\beta}=.64$, p<.001; ${\beta}=-.13$, p=.021, respectively). This model explained 53.6% of the variance in self-directed learning ability. Conclusion: The study identified that Type D personality and academic engagement affect self-directed learning ability of undergraduate students, one in a negative way, the other in a positive way. Educators and educational policy makers need to make efforts to include interventions and strategies that increase academic engagement and change negative psychological dispositions such as D-type personality in the undergraduate education curriculum.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.361-368
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a desktop scanner and intraoral scanners based on the volumetric dimensions of a complete arch. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seven reference models were fabricated based on the volumetric dimensions of complete arch (70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, 120%, and 130%). The reference models were digitized using an industrial scanner (Solutionix C500; MEDIT) for the fabrication of a computer-aided design (CAD) reference model (CRM). The reference models were digitized using three intraoral scanners (CS3600, Trios3, and i500) and one desktop scanner (E1) to fabricate a CAD test model (CTM). CRM and CTM were then superimposed using inspection software, and 3D analysis was conducted. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance was used to verify the difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch and the accuracy based on the scanners, and the differences among the groups were analyzed using the Tukey HSD test as a post-hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS. The three different scanners showed a significant difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch (P<.05), but the desktop scanner did not show a significant difference in accuracy based on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch (P=.808). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of the intraoral scanners was dependent on the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch, but the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch had no effect on the accuracy of the desktop scanner. Additionally, depending on the type of intraoral scanners, the accuracy differed according to the volumetric dimensions of the complete arch.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze deformation according to post-curing of complete arch artificial teeth for temporary dentures printed with a digital light processing (DLP) printer. Methods: An edentulous model was prepared and an occlusal rim was produced. The edentulous model and occlusal rim were scanned using a model scanner. A complete denture was designed using a dental computer-aided design, and the denture base and artificial tooth were separated. Ten complete arch artificial teeth were printed using a 3D printer (DLP). Complete arch artificial teeth was classified into the following three groups: a group no post-curing (NC), a group with 10 minutes post-curing (10M), and a group with 20 minutes post-curing (20M). Specimens were scanned using a model scanner. The scanned data were overlapped with the reference data. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test (α=0.05). Results: Regarding the overall deviation of complete arch artificial teeth, the NC group showed the lowest mean deviation of 111.13 ㎛ and the 20M group showed the highest mean deviation of 131.03 ㎛. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The complete arch artificial tooth showed deformation due to post-curing. In addition, the largest shrinkage deformation was observed at 10 minutes of post-curing, whereas the least deformation was observed at 20 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.744-752
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. Methods: A convenience sample of 103 middle-aged women was selected from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlations, Spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Results of regression analysis showed that significant factors influencing successful aging were post-traumatic growth and social support. This regression model explained 48% of the variance in successful aging. Conclusion: Findings show that the concept 'post-traumatic growth' is an important factor influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. In addition, social support from friends/co-workers had greater influence on successful aging than social support from family. Thus, we need to consider the positive impact of post-traumatic growth and increase the chances of social participation in a successful aging program for middle-aged women.