• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 1995

The deep sea camera system could render it possible to obtain the detailed information of the nodule distribution, but difficult to estimate nodule abundance quantitatively. In order to estimate nodule abundance quantitatively from deep seabed photographs, the nodule abundance equation was derived from the box core data obtained in KODOS area(long.: $154^{\circ}{\sim}151^{\circ}W$, lat.: $9^{\circ}{\sim}12^{\circ}N$) during two survey cruises carried out in 1989 and 1990. The regression equation derived by considering extent of burial of nodule to Handa's equation compensates for the abundance error attributable to partial burial of some nodules by sediments. An average long axis and average extent of burial of nodules in photographed area are determined according to the surface textures of nodules, and nodule coverage is calculated by the image analysis method. Average nodule abundance estimated from seabed photographs by using the equation is approximately 92% of the actual average abundance in KODOS area. The measured sampling points by box core or free fall grab are in general very sparse and hence nodule abundance distribution should be interpolated and extrapolated from measured data to uncharacterized areas. The another goal of this study is to depict continuous distribution of nodule abundance in KODOS area by using PC-version of geostatistical model in which several stages are systematically proceeded. Geostatistics was used to analyse spatial structure and distribution of regionalized variable(nodule abundance) within sets of real data. In order to investigate the spatial structure of nodule abundance in KODOS area, experimental variograms were calculated and fitted to a spherical models in isotropy and anisotropy, respectively. The spherical structure models were used to map out distribution of the nodule abundance for isotropic and anisotropic models by using the kriging method. The result from anisotropic model is much more reliable than one of isotropic model. Distribution map of nodule abundance produced by PC-version of geostatistical model indicates that approximately 40% of KODOS area is considered to be promising area(nodule abundance > $5kg/m^2$) for mining in case of anisotropy.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.237-253
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• 2008

Visual Effects have been revered as 'Spectacular' film elements for a long time, and once there was a misunderstanding that they destroyed the actual 'Story'. But, now they are becoming a valuable tool for storytellers. A film pursues a perfect narrative structure and visual reality so that the audience can believe the story as a real. Giving a narrative motif to the audience, they use Visual Effects that provide the technical solutions and -at the same time- they create and preserve the diegetic world that Is either believable or not. This research suggests that we analyze precisely and make a classified table of the narrative use of Visual Effects based on the previous research of Shilo T. McClean. First, we can ask if the narrative motif would be there in front of the camera, From there, we then can get two desired answers. One is, if there is nothing to visually stand up, Visual Effects can intervene as an alternative tool for creating the diegetic world. The other is that Visual Effects can be used for preserving the diegetic world as a necessary tool. Then, in the latter, we can consider whether there is a storyteller's purpose to be added, so we can distinguish the details. This classified Visual Effects for the narrative is able to dispense proof that they can be worthy as to provide a 'Spectacuiar' aura as to create and preserve the diegetic world. I would like to argue that this research could be a foundation for the inter-progress of future studies for visual effects as well as for their amazing technological improvements.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.2 s.31
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• pp.207-221
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• 2006

A fully automatic and computationally efficient method is proposed for intelligent display of soccer video on small multimedia mobile devices. The rapid progress of the multimedia signal processing has contributed to the extensive use of multimedia devices with a small LCD panel. With these emerging small mobile devices, the video sequences captured for standard- or HDTV broadcasting may give the small-display-viewers uncomfortable experiences in understanding what is happening in a scene. For instance, in a soccer video sequence taken by a long-shot camera technique, the tiny objects (e.g., soccer ball and players) may not be clearly viewed on the small LCD panel. Thus, an intelligent display technique is needed for small-display-viewers. To this end, one of the key technologies is to determine region of interest (ROI), which is a part of the scene that viewers pay more attention to than other regions. In this paper, the focus is on soccer video display for mobile devices. Instead of taking visual saliency into account, we take domain-specific approach to exploit the characteristics of the soccer video. The proposed scheme includes three modules; ground color learning, shot classification, and ROI determination. The experimental results show the propose scheme is capable of intelligent video display on mobile devices.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2003

This study is focused on subjective images that are produced before visualization in the digital information environment and on characteristics of objective, dynamic image expression that specifies the subjective images. In this study, the visual world that works in the action of "see"is expanded into vision of eyes, vision of brain, and vision of camera. Also we have redefined the definitions of image and its materialized image, yeongsang. It is defined that image contains a strong meaning of consciousness and mind, and that yeongsang involves vision in which constantly changing information of light is created and reproduced by physical processes. We made it clear that image expression in the 21 st century is becoming more generalized, simplified, and concentrated, by the digital technology, from existing specific non-real images to "informationalized" non-real images. This means that there exists an intrinsic difference in the expressional form of the modern analog environment and that of the recent digital environment in the area of yeongsang communication. Along with development of technology, image information raises plastic reality through indirect experience in the virtual space by expanding the sensual faculty of human. However, there also is a tendency for humans to rely more on technology instead of utilizing their creative faculty. Image expression by“the digital information environment” in the 21st century will pursue two sides; one is to shift from external expression of the human body in the cyber space to internal expression, and the other is to internalize the image world and make it connected worldwide. Further research is necessary in these fields.ary in these fields.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.489-502
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• 2012

Storytelling advertising is one of the most popular ad types in marketing field. However, there has been little attention to storytelling ads in consumer and advertising research. To examine the effectiveness of different types of advertising, this study collected 9 commertial ads, which consisted of 3 advertising types(storytelling, informative, image) ${\times}$ 3 products(digital camera, coffee, health drink). We investigated the differences in emotions after ads and arousal level, as well as the advertising effectiveness among the three types of advertising. Preliminary analysis revealed that the emotions after ads could classified into two distinct emotion types, affective emotions and cognitive emotions, and we used the two emotion types as emotions after ads to simplify the results. The results indicate that the storytelling ads are more effective than the image ads, but this power of storytelling ads may not be found in the comparison with informative ads. It is also found that storytelling ads can help form a more positive attitude for males than for females, whereas image ads can have an more impact on females than males. In addition, it can be proposed that affective emotions after ads may play an important role in the effectiveness of advertising types, but the interaction effects of advertising types and gender may depend on the cognitive emotions after ads.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.143-155
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• 2012

The research was started out of curiosity for what made 's fast and trilling pace possible although it is an old movie. The center of what made it possible was its use of the Long Take - Long Take was used in all of the scenes and in some cases only long take was used. What is interesting is the film maker's use of various cinematic techniques to prevent the scene from being too slow and keep the audience immersed in the characters. In one shot, acting in addition to Mise-en-Sc$\grave{e}$ne were used to provide psychological immersion of character and scene. The use of Long Take, with the exception of some intentional scenes, was difficult to notice without conscience observation. All the components that make up Long Take. camera walking and lighting as well as actor's dialog and performance and scene movement all beautifully came together. The Long Take is generally replaced by many different sort shots. However, Mike Nichols clearly demonstrates the benefit of Long Take. In the movie, the general aesthetics from the use of Long Take is slightly altered for a different purpose. The specific methods and effects used in the application of Long Take is the subject of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

The Group Digital Surveillance System for Fishery Safety and Security (GDSS-F2S) is to provide the target tracking information and the target identification information in order to secure an huge aquaculture farm-field from a thief. The two information, however, is not enough to indict the thief due to the lack of lawful evidences for the crime actions. To overcome this problem, we consider the target image information as one of solutions after discussion with the effective countermeasure tools for the crime actions with scenario-based analysis according to the geological feature of aquaculture farm-field. To capture the real-time image for the trespassing targets in the aquaculture farm-field area, we developed the image capture system which is consists of ultra sensitive CCD(Charge-Coupled Device) camera with 0.0001 Lux and supplementary devices. As results from the field tests for GDSS-F2S with image capture system, the high definite images of the vehicle number plate and shape, person's actions and features are obtainable not only day time but also very dark night without moon light. Thus it is cleary known that the improved GDSS-F2S with image capture system can provide much enough lawful evidences for the crime actions of targets.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.720-734
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• 2013

In this paper, we suggest an augmented reality authoring tool system that users can easily make augmented reality contents using hand gesture and marker-based interaction methods. The previous augmented reality authoring tools are focused on augmenting a virtual object and to interact with this kind of augmented reality contents, user used the method utilizing marker or sensor. We want to solve this limited interaction method problem by applying marker based interaction method and gesture interaction method using depth sensing camera, Kinect. In this suggested system, user can easily develop simple form of marker based augmented reality contents through interface. Also, not just providing fragmentary contents, this system provides methods that user can actively interact with augmented reality contents. This research provides two interaction methods, one is marker based method using two markers and the other is utilizing marker occlusion. In addition, by recognizing and tracking user's bare hand, this system provides gesture interaction method which can zoom-in, zoom-out, move and rotate object. From heuristic evaluation about authoring tool and compared usability about marker and gesture interaction, this study confirmed a positive result.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2007

The recent progress in multimedia signal processing and transmission technologies has contributed to the extensive use of multimedia devices to watch sports games with small LCD panel. However, the most of video sequences are captured for normal viewing on standard TV or HDTV, for cost reasons, merely resized and delivered without additional editing. This may give the small-display-viewers uncomfortable experiences in understanding what is happening in a scene. For instance, in a soccer video sequence taken by a long-shot camera techniques, the tiny objects (e.g., soccer ball and players) may not be clearly viewed on the small LCD panel. Moreover, it is also difficult to recognize the contents of the scorebox which contains the elapsed time and scores. This renuires intelligent display technique to provide small-display-viewers with better experience. To this end, one of the key technologies is to determine region of interest (ROI) and display the magnified ROI on the screen, where ROI is a part of the scene that viewers pay more attention to than other regions. Examples include a region surrounding a ball in long-shot and a scorebox located in the comer of each frame. In this paper, we propose a scheme for raising viewing experiences of multimedia mobile device users. Instead of taking generic approaches utilizing visually salient features for extraction of ROI in a scene, we take domain-specific approach to exploit unique attributes of the soccer video. The proposed scheme consists of two modules: ROI determination and scorebox extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme offers useful tools for intelligent video display on multimedia mobile devices.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.9
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• pp.1145-1156
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• 2002

A method to measure the speed and distance of moving object is proposed using the stereo vision system. One of the most important factors for measuring the speed and distance of moving object is the accuracy of object tracking. Accordingly, the background image algorithm is adopted to track the rapidly moving object and the local opening operator algorithm is used to remove the shadow and noise of object. The extraction efficiency of moving object is improved by using the adaptive threshold algorithm independent to variation of brightness. Since the left and right central points are compensated, the more exact speed and distance of object can be measured. Using the background image algorithm and local opening operator algorithm, the computational processes are reduced and it is possible to achieve the real-time processing of the speed and distance of moving object. The simulation results show that background image algorithm can track the moving object more rapidly than any other algorithm. The application of adaptive threshold algorithm improved the extraction efficiency of the target by reducing the candidate areas. Since the central point of the target is compensated by using the binocular parallax, the error of measurement for the speed and distance of moving object is reduced. The error rate of measurement for the distance from the stereo camera to moving object and for the speed of moving object are 2.68% and 3.32%, respectively.