• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

An unstable yet efficient phenanthrene-degrading bacterium strain Ph-3 was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated site at the Mathura Oil Refinery, India. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. using a polyphasic approach. An analysis of the intermediates and assays of the degradative enzymes from a crude extract of phenanthrene-grown cells showed a novel and previously unreported pattern of 1, 2-dihydroxy naphthalene and salicylic acid production. While strain Ph-3 lost its phenanthrene- degrading potential during successive transfers on a rich medium, it maintained this trait in oligotrophic soil conditions under the stress of the pollutant and degraded phenanthrene efficiently in soil microcosms. Although the maintenance and in vitro study of unstable phenotypes are difficult and such strains are often missed during isolation, purification, and screening, these bacteria constitute a substantial fraction of the microbial community at contaminated sites and play an important role in pollutant degradation during biostimulation or monitored natural attenuation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3151-3155
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• 2010

This study was performed to develop analytical methods to better understand the properties and reactivity of petroleum, which is a highly complex organic mixture, using high-resolution mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. Ten crude oil samples were analyzed using negative-mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). Clustering methods, including principle component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and k-means clustering, were used to comparatively interpret the spectra. All the methods were consistent and showed that oxygen and sulfur-containing heteroatom species played important roles in clustering samples or peaks. The oxygen-containing samples had higher acidity than the other samples, and the clustering results were linked to properties of the crude oils. This study demonstrated that clustering methods provide a simple and effective way to interpret complex petroleomic data.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1969

The fungistatic effects of extract and crystal (A) of Berberis Koreans Palibin, a common shrub in Korea, were obeserved and compared with undecylenic acid and vegetable oil. In vitro studies, the spores of fungi were inoculated on Sabouraud's glucose agar media which contained compounds of various concentration, and the growth of the fungi was observed for 3 weeks. The species of the fungi used in these experiments were Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum canis, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum cookei, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. The growth of E. floccosum, M. audouni, M. canis, M. nanum, M. cookei, was inhibited in Sabouraud's glucose agar media containing extract and crystal (A) of Berberis Koreana Palibin 1 mg/ml.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2000

The allelopathic effects of volatile substances from Chamaecyparis obtusa (S. et Z.) Endl. were examined on the germination and seedling growth of some plant species, and on the population growth of some microorganisms. The germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were suppressed more severely by leaf and fruit essential oils than by those of other parts. Colonial growth of fungi was severely inhibited by essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits. The development of root hairs of the receptor plants was also severely inhibited by the essential oils. The cortical cells at the root tips of Lactuca sativa L. treated with essential oils showed contraction of the cytoplasm, resulting in plasma membranes becoming detached from the cell walls and the cells metamorphosing irregularly. Accumulation of lipid granules inside the contracted cytoplasm and degeneration of mitochondrial cristae were also observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai is endemic species of Korea. Since old days, the fruits have been used as a parasiticide and leaves have been used for a pierced wound by insects. The essential oil components from its aerial parts and stem bark by steam distillation were investigated. Several compounds were characterized by GC-Mass spectra. It was found that the leaves, stembark and flowers contain the compounds of essential oils, 1-octene-3-ol, hexadecanoic acid; $\alpha$-pinene, $\Delta^3$-carene mainly, linalylacetate, $\beta$-cubebene, 3,4-octadine-7-methyl , ferruginol(stem bark) and $\alpha$-pinene mainly, $\beta$-pinene , cyclopropane-1,1-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl), etc. This Cephalotaxus spp. contains the first components of ferruginol(M.W.286.03, $C_{20}H_{30}O)$ which belong to diterpene.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2021

The article presents the results of the content of the chemical and biochemical composition of the pupa of the wild silkworm Saturnia pyri belonging to the family Saturniidae, species of Lepidoptera. The nutritional value of silkworm Saturnia pyri pupae was evaluated, which contained 51% dry matter, 52.50% crude protein, 27.89% fat, 10.50% chitin fibers, 2.5% ash and 27 macro- and microelements and 25 mg alpha tocopherols in 100 g oil. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to determine the content of mineral elements in the pupa of the silkworm Saturnia pyri. It was revealed that the pupa of this type of silkworm contains 25 elements, of which the relative amount of K, Mg, Na, Ca, Al is much higher than other elements.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

Bioprospecting has been widely used to assess the economic potential of different plant species and their value-addition. Prospecting for biological material like plants with medicinal or other economically valuable properties like fibre or oil is becoming a dynamic activity. Our folklore with embedded cultural heritage has tremendous possibilities and potential for bioprospecting. This forest region of Western Rajasthan is enriched with diverse vegetational wealth, if subjected to bioprospecting may prove to be a boon for the society.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2020

Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge (yellowhorn) is a woody tree in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, native to northern China. This species has been identified as a major woody bioenergy plant for bio-diesel production because of high oil content in seed. But the flowers do not bear fruit well while the many flowers blooming. This study was performed to regenerate in vitro plantlet using adventitious shoot formation. To establish the protocol of plant regeneration, adventitious shoots formation rate in the culture of cotyledon of immature zygotic embryos was 68.6% in 1/2 MS medium with 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 3% sucrose (w/v). In the culture of cotyledons of mature zygotic embryos, induction of adventitious shoots was needed to contain high sucrose in pre-culture medium and the frequency of shoot induction was 64.4%. Multiple shoots were induced in 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ, and rooting of shoot was induced 4.0 mg l-1 IBA. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that all the regenerated plantlets were diploid.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2013

Environment-friendly agro-materials tend to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity for pepper extract and cassia oil (11.5+46%, A), pepper extract and cassia oil (23+34%, B), and pepper extract and lavender oil (40+10%, C). They are expected to prevent from pests especially diamondback moth, and can be used for agro-materials. Their formulation was emusifiable concentration (EC). Target species used to assess acute toxicity were aquatic invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Cyprinus carpio), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The $EC_{50}$ value of A, B, and C to aquatic invertebrate were 0.46, 1.9, 0.25 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively and these values were moderately toxic according to standard of USEPA. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, the $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 1.9, 2.9, 3.8 mg $L^{-1}$ respectively. A was category II in acute toxicity of fish and not acceptable to evaluation criteria of environment-friendly agro-materials. B and C were category III and acceptable. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to honeybee were conducted and the $LD_{50}$ of A, B, and C were > 100 ${\mu}g$ a.i. $bee^{-1}$ in both of tests. It indicated they were low toxic to honeybee. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, $LC_{50}$ of A, B, and C were 695, 988, and 564 mg $kg^{-1}$. In conclusion, pepper extract+cassia oil 57% EC and pepper extract+lavender oil 50% EC were expected to be used for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.140-146
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• 2005

Fossil fired power plant produces the electric energy by using a thermal energy by the combustion of fossil fuels as like oil, gas and coal. The exhausted flue gas by the combustion of oil etc. contains usually many contaminated species, and especially sulfur-content has been controlled strictly and then FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) facility should be installed in every fossil fired power plant. To minimize the content of contaminations in final exhaust gas, high corrosive environment including sulfuric acid (it was formed during the process which $SO_2$ gas combined with $Mg(OH)_2$ solution) can be formed in cooling zone of FGD facility and severe corrosion damage is reported in this zone. These conditions are formed when duct materials are immersed in fluid that flows on the duct floors or when exhausted gas is condensed into thin layered medium and contacts with materials of the duct walls and roofs. These environments make troublesome corrosion and air pollution problems that are occurred from the leakage of those ducts. The frequent shut down and repairing works of the FGD systems also demand costs and low efficiencies of those facilities. In general, high corrosion resistant materials have been used to solve this problem. However, corrosion problems have severely occurred in a cooling zone even though high corrosion resistant materials were used. In this work, a new technology has been proposed to solve the corrosion problem in the cooling zone of FGD facility. This electrochemical protection system contains cathodic protection method and protection by coating film, and remote monitoring-control system.