• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2009

In relation with economical efficiency analysis on investment evaluation of transportation system, among vehicle operating cost saving benefit that is applied to general preliminary assessment guidelines and investment evaluation guidelines, oil expense calculated data which concentrated and analyze on the relationship between oil consumption amount on running state and running speed. For uninterrupted flow which does not have stopped delay due to traffic signal, consideration for reduction benefit is possible due to the changes of running speed and travel time however, for interrupted flow which the stopping occurs due to signal control on actual signal intersection has no consideration for stopping delay time reduction and stopping rate improvement thus reflection of reality on improved effect analysis is difficult. Therefore, this research makes a framework to analyze benefits that reflects the features of signalized intersections by benefits associated with decrease of stopping delay time with existing research and developing vehicle operating cost calculation model formula. Vehicle operating cost has been redefined considering the stopping delay time by applying the oil consumption amount at idling and the economical benefit between conventional model and newly developed model when applied for the optimization of traffic signal system on the two roads in Seosan city has been analyzed comparative. While the importance of traffic system maintenance is being emphasized due to the increase of congested areas on roads, it is expected to assist in more realistic economical analysis which reflect the delay improvement through the presentation of an economic analysis model that considers the features of signalized intersections in signal optimization system improvements and effect analysis of congestion improvement projects`.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2019

Recently, various investigation of vegetable oil which is extracted from natural resources is being progressed because of its low cost and environmental aspect. However, double bonds in vegetable oil should be substituted to other high reactive functional group due to its low reactivity for synthesizing bio-polymeric materials. ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid, which is consist of conjugated triene, is the main component of tung oil, and the conjugated triene allows tung oil to have higher reactivity than other vegetable oil. In this study, tung oil is copolymerized with styrene and divinylbenzene to make thermoset resin without any substitution of functional group. Thermal and mechanical properties are measured to investigate the effects of the composition of each monomer on the synthesized thermoset resin. The result shows that the products have only one Tg, which means the synthesized thermoset resins are homogeneous in molecular level. Mechanical properties show that tung oil act as soft segment in the copolymer and make more elastic product. On the other hand, divinylbenzene acts as hard segment and makes more brittle product.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2008

More people have become interested in hybrid vehicles - which have been heralded as environmentally friendly automobiles - recently as the opening of domestic hybrid vehicle market draws near. Since gasoline, diesel and LPG hybrid vehicles will be produced, a need exists to conduct economic feasibility study of each vehicle type. This research analyzed projected benefits of these hybrid vehicles based on the 1600cc model. There are two categories of benefits: 1) reduced fuel costs for the owners of the vehicles; and 2) reduced environmental pollution cost. We conducted a sensitivity analysis and estimated the domestic consumer fuel costs based on the international oil prices of 100USD, 150USD, and 200USD per barrel. The analysis showed savings of 2 to 4 million Won in fuel cost and 1 to 2 million Won in environmental pollution cost; therefore, the hybrid vehicles are not economically feasible if they are between 3 to 5 million Won more expensive than the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2001

The cost of producing ready mixed concrete(remicon) has increased due to the rising cost of raw materials for concrete and transportation caused by the upturn of oil price. In contrast, its orders have also decreased due to the recession of the construction industry. In addition, the cost of delivery has decreased owing to the excessive competition among manufacturing companies, so manufacturing companies began mixing ground granulated blast-furnace slag or fly ash to lower the cost. However, there is no way to determine whether the strength of the concrete using the admixture is satisfied or dissatisfied with design strength at the early age. The purpose of this study is dedicated to early strength estimation of concrete mixed with an admixture, ground granulated blast-furnace slag.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.600-603
• /
• 2005

U.S. National Research Council proposed benefits framework for energy R&D project as economic benefits, environmental benefits, security benefits and knowledge benefits. Following this framework, U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory evaluated the projected benefits of Federal Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs in the indicators of energy-expenditure savings, energy system cost savings, $CO_2$ emissions reductions. oil savings, natural gas saving and avoided additions to central conventional power. As this result, geothermal energy have predominant position in the energy-expenditure savings, natural gas saving and avoided addi t ions to central conventional power to FY2050. The projected benefits, in monetary value, of the whole supply-potential of geothermal energy in Korea were evaluated as 480.2 billion Won, 43.1 billion Won and 135.8 billion Won for the private energy-cost savings, social environmental-cost savings, and import energy-cost saving, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1348-1354
• /
• 2003

The feeding value of high-oil corn fed to Taiwan Country (TC) chicken was examined by measuring apparent metabolizable energy (AME), growth performance, sexual maturity, carcass characteristics, and plasma pigmentation. In a completely randomized design, 870 sex-intermingled one-wk-old chicks were assigned to one of 30 floor pens, 29 birds per pen, and each pen randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The experiment was ended when birds were 16 wk of age. The five dietary treatments varied in main fat sources, which were corn oil (CO), high-oil corn (HOC), lard (LRD), whole soybean (WSB) and yellow corn (YC), respectively. All the diets were formulated isonitrogenously, isocalorically, and of equal lysine and methionine contents except YC, in which equal amounts of YC replaced HOC. The results indicated that feed conversion in HOC was 8% higher (p<0.05) than YC whereas the calculated AME of HOC was only 3.5% to 4.0% higher than that of YC. No significant differences were observed in body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and ME efficiency for body weight gain among CO, HOC, LRD, and WSB. No significant differences existed in both skin and muscle pigmentation of breast among the five dietary treatments. No significance differences existed in plasma carotenoid content measured at various ages among the five dietary treatments except that birds fed with HOC had less (p<0.05) plasma carotenoids at 16 wk-old. The results indicate that if the price of high-oil corn is no more than 1.05 times that of yellow corn, the dietary cost per kg of body weight gain for TC chickens fed diets containing high-oil corn will be less, although their body weight may be lighter compared to chickens fed diets formulated with other fat sources.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.369-374
• /
• 2015

In this study, by combining a unique purpose and additional aspects of ultrasonic transmission media, a development potential on a new ultrasonic transmission media was sought. The rheological characteristics and the manufacturing cost for each manufactured formulation were compared and analysed with ready-made. An ultrasonic transmission media is to have different functional characteristics according to the following formulation, it was the best in rheological value, low viscosity emulsion with the oil gel. Polymer hydro gel is can be manufactured at low cost compared to other formulations. Emulsion which shows a sharp viscosity difference according to the components of oil and water had a big difference in manufacturing cost. This study can be utilized as the fundamental data on the ultrasound transmission media equipped with expertise in various areas of ultrasound.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2006

With the rapid development of oil and chemical industry in the late 20C, massive transportation of oil by oil tanker vessel has grown and it caused the big oil pollution accidents. When oil spill from the oil tanker, damages reach into the astronomical figures in economically and damages affect wide area and many people with break the balance of ecosystem. Recently in Korea, the oil pollution accidents has occurred frequently as growing of oil consumption and it caused large-scale damages to the victim. Oil pollution in Korean offshore takes not only korean fishermen from their life ground and break the ecosystem but it takes too much time and money to recover. To minimize oil pollution damages, it is necessary to make pre-caution effort as a ship owner and relevant government bodies should endeavor to prevent from more damages. But once oil pollution accidents occurs in territorial sea, compensation for victim fishermen is very important. But it is true that compensation is not paid to victim smoothly. So this study aims at the problems of oil pollution compensation to the Korean victim and find the best way to get reasonable compensation.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2009

Oil sands are sands containing bitumen similar to crude petroleum. Oil sands had not received enough interest because of the high production cost. However, in the current record-high oil price situation, oil sands are considered as new sources for unconventional oil. In this study, patents analysis was performed for the technologies of production of synthetic crude oil from oil sands. The patents covered were open patents applied in Korea, US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and China. The patents were divided into five detailed technologies; mining and in-situ, extraction, upgrading, fuelling, and other technologies. For oil sands technologies, there have been steady patent applications, since the first patent was applied in 1969. The number of patents applied appeared to be affected by the variation of world oil price. The portion of patents applied in US and Canada was about 90% of the overall patents and it means 05 and Canada have led oil sands technologies. Mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction have been developed actively and occupied more than 77% of the overall patents. However, the number of patents applied for mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction has been constant or started to decrease since 2000. The number of patents applied for upgrading technologies increases recently and it shows the development of upgrading technologies is active now.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2018

Various investigations of vegetable oil extracted from natural resources are underway because of their low cost and environmental value. On the other hand, the double bonds in vegetable oil should be substituted to other high reactive functional groups due to their low reactivity for synthesizing bio-polymeric materials. ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid, which consists of a conjugated triene, is the main component of tung oil, and the conjugated triene allows tung oil to have higher reactivity than other vegetable oils. In this study, tung oil was copolymerized with styrene and divinylbenzene to make a thermoset resin without any substitution of functional groups. The thermal and mechanical properties were measured to examine the effects of the composition of each monomer on the synthesized thermoset resin. The results showed that the products have only one Tg, which means the synthesized thermoset resins are homogeneous at the molecular level. The mechanical properties show that tung oil acts as a soft segment in the copolymer and makes a more elastic product. On the other hand, divinylbenzene acts as a hard segment and makes a more brittle product.