• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this paper is to study the operational skills of apparatuses in observation and experiments a point of view of the teaching-learning guidance of the middle school science. In order to understand the actual condition of the field learner, the achivment levels of learner have been investigated on the operational skills of apparatuses, observation and experiments through 1120 students of 16 middle schools. The results showed that there were large differences at each item and especially, in animate natural part(physics and chemistry), the handling ability was very low to average 33 percentage. By the result of analyzing the actual condition of the experiment and field science from the question of 114 science teachers who work in 40 middle schools in P distriet. it has been recognized that though the lessons through the experiments stimulate the motivation of learning, it couldn't be mamaged efficently because of all the educational conditions. And it was revealed that the major part of Experiment was performed not by student who is subjective in the course of learning but by teacher through experiments.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.902-912
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 고등학교 천체관측 관련 개념 검사지를 개발하여 지식상태 분석법으로 천체관측 개념의 위계와 개별 학습자의 지식상태를 분석하였고, 이에 따른 교수-학습 효과를 알아 보았다. 학습자가 갖고 있는 천체관측 관련 개념의 심리적 위계는 '지구운동 ${\rightarrow}$천구좌표계 ${\rightarrow}$천체관측(망원경 원리 ${\rightarrow}$망원경 설치 ${\rightarrow}$망원경 관측)' 순이었으며, 교수 위계(70.8%)도 같은 순 이었다. 개념 검사에서 같은 점수를 획득하여 천체관측 능력이 비슷할 것으로 추정되는 학습자의 지식상태가 서로 다르게 나타났다. 지식상태의 구조화가 잘 이루어진 경우와 그렇지 못한 사례가 있었는데, 이는 서로다른 교수-학습 처방이 이루어져야 함을 시사한다. 즉, 지식상태 분석을 통하여 학습자의 개별화 학습 처방과 형성평가의 역할을 할 수 있다. 지구과학I의 천체관측 단원에서 교과서의 내용 제시 순서 보다 학습자의 심리적 위계에 따라 수업한 경우가 개념의 성취도 수준에서 유의미(p<0.05)하게 더 높았다. 이는 교사들이 천체관측 관련 개념을 지도할 때, 교육과정을 토대로 학습자의 지식상태를 파악하여 교과서의 학습 내용을 재순서화 함으로써 더 효과적인 학습이 이루어질 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2009

This paper presents new learning algorithm of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) by means of constrained least square (LS) estimation algorithm and gradient descent method. First, we propose constrained LS based parameter estimation for a Markov chain (MC) model given observation data sets. Next, a gradient descent optimization is utilized for online estimation of a hidden Markov model (HMM), which is bi-linearly constructed by adding an observation variable to a MC model. We achieve numerical simulations to prove its reliability and superiority in which a series of non stationary random signal is applied for the DBN models respectively.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.173-187
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to clarify the specific terms of epistemic and epistemological by reviewing the literature on epistemological understanding of science learning, examine the necessity of epistemic discourse analysis based on the view of social epistemology, and provide an exemplar of practical epistemology analysis for elementary children's science learning. The review was conducted in terms of meaning and terminology about epistemic or epistemological approach to science learning, epistemology of/for science, and methodologies for epistemic discourse analysis. As an alternative way of epistemic discourse analysis in science classroom I employed practical epistemology analysis (by Wickman), evidence-explanation continuum (by Duschl), and DREEC diagram (by Maeng et al.). The methods were administered to an elementary science class for the third grade where children observed sedimentary rocks. Through the outcomes of analysis I sought to understand the processes how children collected data by observation, identified evidence, and constructed explanations about rocks. During the process of practical epistemology analysis the cases of four categories, such as encounter, stand-fast, gap, and relation, were identified. The sequence of encounter, stand fast, gap, and relation showed how children observed sedimentary rocks and how they came to learn the difference among the rocks. The epistemic features of children's observation discourse, although different from scientists' discourses during their own practices, showed data-only conversation, evidence-driven conversation, or explanation inducing conversation. Thus I argue even elementary children are able to construct their own knowledge and their epistemic practices are productive.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.1269-1280
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the verbal interaction during elementary students' hypothesis generation learning. For this study, 32 6th graders were selected and were assorted into heterogeneous small-groups by achievement levels. The topics of hypothesis generation learning were developed by analyzing the current elementary school curriculum. Each group's verbal interactions were audio/video taped and transcribed. After coding the protocol and having student retrospective interview, types and frequency of verbal interaction were analyzed. The frequency of verbal interaction during observation was highest and that of questioning situation identification was lowest. Regarding to the quality of verbal interactions, low level interactions were significantly frequent during observation. On the other hand, hypothetical explicans generation revealed high frequency of high level interactions. The results revealed that elementary students can make high level verbal interactions through hypothesis generation learning.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of the POE(Prediction-Observation-Explanation) teaching-learning model on the academic achievement and the capability of scientific inquiry of elementary school students. POE teaching-learning model is a three stage process modeling scientific inquiry : Prediction, Observation, and Explanation. This research is to see the effectiveness of the POE method in earth science class by applying this simple practical strategy out of various methods in science teaching with the purpose of improving the capability of scientific inquiry and the academic achievement of learners. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the POE strategy in science teaching-learning was found effective for the improvement of learners' scientific inquiry capability. Second, the POE strategy in science teaching-learning is effective for the improvement of learners' academic achievement in science. The findings mentioned above suggest that using the POE strategy in science class of elementary science education has significant effects on improvement of scientific academic achievement and scientific inquiry capability of learners compared with the general science teaching-learning strategy. It also shows to be highly recommendable for use in science class.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.183-183
• /
• 2021

Deep learning methods and their application have become an essential part of prediction and modeling in water-related research areas, including hydrological processes, climate change, etc. It is known that application of deep learning leads to high availability of data sources in hydrology, which shows its usefulness in analysis of precipitation, runoff, groundwater level, evapotranspiration, and so on. However, there is still a limitation on microclimate analysis and prediction with deep learning methods because of deficiency of gauge-based data and shortcomings of existing technologies. In this study, a real-time rainfall prediction model was developed from a sky image data set with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These daily image data were collected at Chung-Ang University and Korea University. For high accuracy of the proposed model, it considers data classification, image processing, ratio adjustment of no-rain data. Rainfall prediction data were compared with minutely rainfall data at rain gauge stations close to image sensors. It indicates that the proposed model could offer an interpolation of current rainfall observation system and have large potential to fill an observation gap. Information from small-scaled areas leads to advance in accurate weather forecasting and hydrological modeling at a micro scale.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 2022

Purpose: New therapeutic approaches have emerged to improve gait ability in patients with brain damage, such as action observation learning (AOT), auditory cueing, motor imagery etc. We attempted to investigate the effects of AOT with auditory cueing (AOTAC) on gait function in patients with stroke. Methods: The eighteen stroke patients with a unilateral hemiparesis were randomly divided into three groups; the AOTAC, AOT, and control groups. The AOTAC group (n=8) received training via observing a video that showed normal gait with sound of footsteps as an auditory cue; the AOT group (n=6) receive action observation without auditory stimulation; the control group (n=5) observed the landscape video image. Intervention time of three groups was 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Gait parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were collected in all patients before and after each training session. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, and stance/swing phase. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the AOTAC group had a greater significant change in all of parameters, compared with the AOT and control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AOTAC may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve gait symmetry and function in patients with stroke. We believe that this effect is attributable to the change of cortical excitability on motor related to cortical areas.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.96.3-96
• /
• 2001

In this paper the self-organized and fuzzy inference used stochastic gradient ascent method is proposed. Fuzzy rule and fuzzy set increase as occasion demands autonomously according to the observation information. And two rules(or two fuzzy sets)becoming to be similar each other as progress of learning are unified. This unification causes the reduction of a number of parameters and learning time. Using fuzzy inference and making a rule with an appropriate state division, our proposed method makes it possible to construct a robust reinforcement learning system.

• 과학교육연구지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 초등학교 4학년 2학기 1단원 '식물의 세계'에서 학습자 중심의 다양한 관찰학습을 적용하기 위해 다중지능 요소별 관찰 전략을 개발하여 과학수업에 관찰 학습 프로그램을 적용하고 초등학생들의 관찰능력, 학업성취도, 과학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 단원 차시별 관찰 대상 및 주제를 선정하고 다중지능 활용 교수 학습 방법 중 적합한 방법을 추출하여 다중지능 요소별 관찰전략을 개발하였다. 개발한 관찰전략을 활용하는 관찰학습 프로그램 단계를 구상하였으며 관찰능력, 학업성취도, 과학적 태도에 관한 사전검사를 실시하였다. 관찰학습 프로그램 단계마다 개발한 다중지능 요소별 관찰전략 중 적절한 전략을 선택하여 교수학습을 계획하고 수업에 투입하였다. 수업 실시 후 관찰능력, 학업성취도, 과학적 태도에 관한 사후 검사를 통해 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 다중지능 요소별 관찰전략을 적용한 관찰 능력을 검사에서 학생들의 관찰 능력 수준을 상위단계로 발전시키는데 긍정적인 영향을 끼친 것으로 보인다. 관찰 능력 검사의 하위 영역인 진술문 구별하기, 정량관찰, 정성관찰 영역에서 실험반이 비교반보다 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 둘째, 관찰 전략의 적용은 학생들의 과학적 개념 이해에 효과적이었으며 초등 과학 생물 영역 성취도 검사에서 실험반이 비교반보다 점수가 높은 점수를 받도록 하였다. 셋째, 과학적 태도 검사에서는 과학적 태도의 하위 요소인 개방성, 자진성, 창의성에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 다중지능 요소별 관찰전략은 과학적 태도 변화에도 긍정적인 효과를 끼쳤음을 알 수 있다. 이 연구 결과를 종합하면 다중지능 요소별 관찰전략을 적용한 결과 관찰능력, 학업성취도, 과학적 태도 모든 영역에서 효과가 있었다. 따라서 다중지능 요소별 관찰 전략은 초등학교의 과학 수업 현장에서 교수 학습 방법의 하나로 제시 될 수 있으며 의미있는 과학수업이 될 것이다.