• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 1998

Background: Although operative outcome is progressing due to the development of operative techniques and myocardial protection, some patients face an increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to predict the operative morbidity and mortality. Material and Method: This retrospective study reports the results of risk factor analysis of morbidity and mortality of 137 consecutive patients who were underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG). Preoperative variables were age, sex, preoperative myocardial infarction, operative priority, left ventricular ejection fraction, obesity and triple vessel disease. Postoperative morbidities were arrhythmia, wound infection, cerebral infarction, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, pneumonia, acute renal failure, prolonged use of ventilator and operative death. Result: The mean age of total patients was 56.7 years, from 27 to 74. The overall mortality was 6.6%(9 of 137) with the mortality of 3.9%(5 of 128) for elective operation, and 44.4%(4 of 9) for emergent or urgent cases. The morbidity of patients over 65 years was stastistically higher than that of under 65 years. Sex distribution showed no difference in morbidity, however operative mortality rate was slightly higher in women (5/41, 12.19%) than in men(4/96, 4.17%). Morbidity of emergent or urgent operation was 100%, much higher than that of the elective operation. Mortality of the patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was under 50% was higher than that of those over 50%. Conclusion: We concluded that the risk factors of morbidity after CABG were old age above 65 years and emergent or urgent operation, and that risk factors of mortality were low left venticular ejection fraction under 50% and emergent or urgent operation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' perception of clinical nutrition services. A cross-sectional survey design was performed. The research was accomplished by using questionnaires developed for this study and administered from September 12 to December 31, 2013 to 343 nurses at 43 tertiary hospitals and 20 general hospitals. The percentage of nurses who recognized clinical nutrition certificate as issued from nation was 27.8%. The mean scores of perceived usefulness on clinical nutrition services was 4.23/5.00, whereas that of perceived implementation was 3.76/5.00. The mean scores of necessity of disease-specialized clinical dietitian at capital hospitals were significantly higher for obesity (P<0.01), cancer (P<0.05), and infant & childhood disease (P<0.01) than at local hospitals. The rates of nurses' experience in group education on cancer at capital hospitals (21.7%) was significantly higher than that at local hospitals (10.3%) (P<0.05). The mean scores of perceived importance of clinical nutrition services were 4.46/5.00 for 'group nutrition education', 4.46/5.00 for 'individual consultation', and 4.40/5.00 for 'nutrition management for enteral nutrition (EN) patients'. The most common reason why clinical nutrition services are important was 'improving malnutritional status'. To activate clinical nutrition services especially at local hospitals, clinical dietitians should give systematic assistance to patients and also institutional supports are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.573-584
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• 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the important impacting factors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by different age groups. The subjects of this study were 5,976 adults over 19 based on data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and EQ-5D index score was used for the measurement of HRQOL. Three age groups were considered of young (19-39), middle (40-65), and old (over 66) and for each age group Bayesian ordered probit model analysis was fitted to identify significant factors and their effects on HRQOL. Sex, subjective awareness of health, stress and diseases have been identified to be common important factors for all age groups. HRQOL of women is more likely to be lower than that of men. Subjective awareness of health affect positively but stress and diseases affect negatively on HRQOL. For middle age group, occupational activities have been found to be important positive factors on HRQOL. On the other hand, obesity is more important factor influencing on HRQOL negatively and frequent walking is recommended for old age group.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to examine the concepts appeared on research and provide future research directions in field of child health nursing. 205 studies of the total 318 studies had been analyzed first for the concepts of the client domain and this time 113 studies were analyzed for the practice, the client-nurse and the environmental domain in nursing. The practice domain includes mentalistitic, enactment, knowledge utilization, role related phenomenon, the client-nurse domain includes touch, communication, interaction phenomenon, and the environmental domain includes physical, social, symbolic environment. All were originally published between 1990 and 2000 in Korea. An analysis of concepts for this study was used the metaparadigm framework for nursing proposed by H. S. Kim(2000). 1. 103 studies belonged to the practice domain. Among them, 56(54％) studies used concepts related to enactment phenomenon like education(21.4％), giving information(7.1％), breast feeding(5.4％), caring(5.4％), airway suction(5.4％), nonnutritive sucking(5.4％). 44(43％) studies used concepts related to knowledge utilization like program development and evaluation of smoking, mother-infant interaction, home health nursing, obesity management. And only 3(3％) studies used role related concepts like quality of nursing, direction of health education, contents of child health nursing education. 2. Only 2(0.006％) studies belonged to the client-nurse domain. One concept is empathy in communication phenomenon and the other concept is role conflict in interaction phenomenon. 3. 8(0.02％) studies belonged to the environmental domain. Among them, 3 studies related to physical environment like space, noise and 5 studies related to social environment like social support, home environment. But the concept of symbolic environment was not used. The findings of this study provide the evidence that research related to the client-nurse domain and the environmental domain should be conducted actively to improve the practice of child health nursing. So that the research in field of child health nursing should be dealt with the concepts of four domains to develop knowledge systematically.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.294-301
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• 2011

The current study examined the influence of current TV health programs on old people's practice of health behaviors through analyzing their recognition, watching behaviors and satisfaction. The study conducted 293 old people living in Pohang City, North Gyeongsang Province from March 17, 2008 to March 28, 2008. The results of this study were as follows: 86.3% of the respondents has watching experience of TV health programs in a month while there was a meaningful difference in frequency of watching by education, obesity and a clinical history. The degree of health behavior practice, 62.1% answered high while 17.7% said low. Factors that influence the degree of health behavior practice were sex, interest in health and experience of watching. In addition, men practiced 1.78 times more than women, those with more interest in health practiced 3.3 times of those with no interest, and those with watching experience presented 6.1 times higher practice degree than those with no experience. It was found that old people's recognition for TV health programs was positive, and the more frequently they watch the programs, the higher their practice of health behaviors was. In addition, old people's popularity rate of TV health programs means that they have a lot of opportunities to be exposed to information provided in health programs. Accordingly, it is thought that TV health programs should try to provide correct health information that can meet old people's needs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1176-1182
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• 2011

The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of moderate exercise training on splenocyte inflammatory cytokines production in high fat diet-induced obese mice. To determine the effects of exercise training and low fat diet on splenocyte, C57BL/6 male mice (4 weeks aged, n=20) were fed a high fat diet (45% fat diet) for 5 weeks so that obesity was achieved intentionally. These obese mice were then divided into 2 groups; HLC (low fat diet and control n=10), and HLE (low fat diet and exercise n=10). HLE mice performed 8 weeks of exercise training on a motorized treadmill by running for 30-60 min/day at 10-22 m/min, 0% grade, five times per week. After exercise training, all the splenocyte was collected and Con A (concanvalin A, 10${\mu}g/ml$) was used to stimulate the cells, after which IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured by bio plex. Independent t-test was used and p value under 0.05 was considered a statistical significance. Splenocyte IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ production of HLE stimulated by Con A was significantly lower than that of HLC (p<0.01). These findings suggest that moderate exercise has beneficial effects on splenocyte inflammatory cytokines in high fat diet induced obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 2016

Menopause is characterized by a decrease in estrogen production by the ovaries. Furthermore, the risk of developing chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes increases in menopausal women. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Caragana sinica (CS) to affect lipid and glucose metabolism in an ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model of induced menopause. The animals were divwided randomly into three groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX), and ovariectomized rats treated with 1% water extract of CS (OVX-CS). The OVX-CS treated mice showed a significant decrease in body weight, adipose tissue, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Improved lipid and glucose profiles were also observed, and were attributed to suppression of hepatic lipogenesis and adipokine production and regulation of glucose-regulating enzyme activity. Therefore, these findings indicate a potential use for CS as a functional food for menopause-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.521-528
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• 2012

This study was performed to develop a therapeutic diet against aging and obesity, using Yangha(Zingiber mioga R.). Before development of a therapeutic diet, we performed cell viability assay, analysis of general composition, macrominerals and antioxidantive activities of Yangha. Based on the findings from analyzing the results, mook using Yangha powder(0~20%) was processed, and tested for quality characteristics such as color values, sensory evaluation and mechanical properties. The result of cell viability assay of myoga, using liver cells, revealed that within the concentration range from 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ to 10,000 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, cell survivability increased in line with the concentration rate. Therefore, it will not be harmful to consume it as food. Regarding the normal substance of myoga, the water substance of myoga was 94%, which exceeds that of ginger and tumeric with 89% and 83%, respectively. As for crude protein, fat, carbon hydrates and ash, myoga contained less than the other two, which I think is due to the high water substance. Regarding the minerals, potassium had the highest contents among macrominerals of 234.74 mg%. As for the antioxidant test, hydroxy radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity were shown. As for the production of Yangha mook(Yangha powder levels were 0~20%) for quality characteristics, the more of the powder, the less the L, but the greater the a and b values. Also, for the material property, an increased amount of the powder, resulted in chewiness and springiness, but less gumminess in a correlated manner. However, there were no significant differences in the springiness and cohesiveness in relation to the powder. For the sensory test, jelly type ZM5 with 5% powder showed highest overall preference. According to the sensory test, based on the powder substance, the jelly with 5% powder showed the highest overall score, including preference.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. Result: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was $197{\pm}36.4mg/dl$(mean; $189{\pm}36.7mg/dl$, women; $202{\pm}35.1mg/dl$). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(${\chi}^2=12.12$, p=.016), exercise(${\chi}^2=6.335$, p=.042), salty taste(${\chi}^2=18.801$, p=016), vegetable diet (${\chi}^2=19.488$, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(${\beta}=.151$, p=.000). Conclusion: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

Recently, dietary pattern analysis was emerged as an approach to examine the relationships between diet and risk of chronic diseases. This study was to identify groups with population who report similar dietary pattern in Korean genome epidemiology study (KoGES) and association with several chronic diseases. The cohort participants living in Ansung and Ansan (Gyeonggi province) were totally 10,038. Among those, 6,873 subjects with no missing values in food frequency questionnaire were included in this analysis. After combining 103 food items into 17 food groups, 4 dietary factors were obtained by factor analysis based on their weights. Factor 1 showed high factor loadings in vegetables, mushrooms, meats, fish, beverages, and oriental-cereals. Factor 2 had high factor loadings in vegetables, fruits, fish, and factor 3 had high factor loadings in cereal-oriental, cerial-western and snacks. Factor 4 showed positive high factor loadings in rice and Kimchi and negative factor loadings in mushrooms and milk and dairy products. Using factor scores of four factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters by K-means clustering. We named those 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group, 'Contented eating' group, and 'Healthy and light eating' group depending on their eating characteristics. 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group showed high prevalence in men, farmers and 60s. 'Contented eating' group and 'Healthy and light eating' group had high prevalence in women, people living in urban area (Ansan Citizen), with high-school education and above, and a monthly income of one million won and more. 'Contented eating' group appeared lower distribution proportion in the sixties and 'Healthy and light eating' group does higher in the fifties. 'Contented eating' versus 'Rice and Kimchi eating', odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity significantly decreased after adjusting age and sex (OR=0.64, 0.73, and 0.85 respectively, 95% CI). Although our results were from a cross-sectional study, these imply that the dietary patterns were related to diseases.