• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between obesity and dental caries of Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES VI) (2013 to 2015) were used and targeted adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 18.0 program was used, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: For the general and health-related characteristics, female students (p=0.001) showed higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index than male students. Furthermore, DMFT showed higher tendency, as age was higher (p<0.001). Smoking (p=0.011) and drinking experience (p=0.027) revealed higher DMFT. The dental caries experience was significantly different among students who were female (p=0.033), older (p=0.001), and overweight or underweight (p=0.022). In the BMI for the general and health-related characteristics, male students had higher obesity rate than female students (p=0.003), and obese subjects had higher dental checkup in the last year (p=0.013). In multiple linear regression analysis of obesity and DMFT, the unadjusted model showed that the obesity group's DMFT was about 0.8 higher than that of the normal group (p=0.024). However, statistical significance was not shown in the adjusted models. In the logistic regression analysis of obesity and dental caries experience, the unadjusted model 1 (1.93 times), the adjusted model 2 (1.79 times), and model 3 (1.76 times) showed significantly higher dental caries experience. Conclusions: Both obesity and dental caries are related to diet habits and lifestyles and have a negative impact on adult health. Therefore, it is necessary to create a healthy social environment around the adolescent, and proper intervention through education is required to form healthy habits.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.387-393
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• 2000

Recently, it appears to have a trend of adult having weight increase in Korea. The number of obese people is increasing in Korea due to the changes of meal pattern and the lack of physical activities. Currently, obesity is the prevalent health problem in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun on the serum lipids of overweighted male university students. After 3 days of education and adaptation on this study, twenty male university students with 20.9yrs old average were fed a uniformed dormitory foodservice, and they ate constant amount of 9% mulberry leaves added-rice cake, Jeolpyun(100g) instead of boiled rice(l00g) , on each meal. Experiment was conducted during 14 days period. All meals were provided promptly. and the subejects were required to have breakfast, lunch, and dinner on weekdays. Mean height, weight, and BMI were 176.55cm, 90.OOkg, and 28.73, respectively. Although it was not very significant, body weight of the subjects appeared to be reduced after consuming the 100g substitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun. Daily energy Intake of the subjects was 2,360.6kcal, which represents 94% of the Korean RDA. The ratio of energy obtained from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 55: 17'27 As compared with the Korean RDA, 65 : 15 20, carbohydrate consumption was decreased but protein and fat consumption was a little bit increased. The ratio of animal-protein source was 58%, and animal-fat intake was 42%. Triglyceride concentrations decreased. but HDL-cholesterol was in the reversed manner The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly after the 2wk-lOOg subtitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun (p<0.05) . However, there were no significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol con concentrations .

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, eating-related characteristics of dancing major and non-major female university students. The survey was conducted from October 1 to November 10, 2003 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 25.5% of the underweight group, 53.6% of the normal weight group, 12.5% of the overweight group and 66.7% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Eighty-one point three percent of the dancing majors and 77.2% of the non-majors were concerned about weight control, and 71.3% of the dancing majors and 64.5% of the non-majors had weight control experiences. There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores between dancing majors and non-majors. There were no significant differences in ‘predisposition to obesity scores’ between dancing majors and non-majors, and the scores were low. ‘Predisposition to anorexia’ scores and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ scores were significantly higher in the dancing majors compared to the non-majors. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the dancing majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the non-majors. Dietary attitude was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge but was negatively correlated with ‘uncont-rollable urges to eat’. In the dancing majors, ‘predisposition to obesity’ showed significantly positive correlation with obesity rate and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ and was negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude. In the non-majors, obesity rate showed positive correlation with ‘predisposition to obesity’ and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’. Therefore proper nutritional education program and recommended dietary allowances are required for dancing majors to improve their nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2002

A study was performed to develop as a screening tool the Simple Evaluation Questionnaire for Screening the Over-weight-type Dietary Pattern in 30 to 49 Year Old Adults. We used the data from the 30 to 49 year old subjects who participated in the three surveys - the health behavior survey, the dietary habit survey and the food intake survey - as the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998. The 3,598 adults were classified into to two body fatness groups of normal (including underweight) and overweight (including obese) on the basis of their relative body weight (RBW) When comparing variables between the two groups, significant differences were found in gender, education, job, employment status, perceived health status, sadness / depression state, stress level, age, number of diseases, age when overweightedness started, maximum body weight, sleep length, drinking pattern (yes/no) , amount of alcoholic drinks, frequency of intoxication or drunkeness, amount of alcoholic drinks when drunk, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise duration, skipped meals, small meals and drug supplements. In terms of food intake, there were significant differences in the daily food intake in terms of breakfast, dinner, daily kimchi and dairy products. In terms of mealtimes, we found differences in the amount of cooked rice at breakfast, kimchi at lunch, soup / kuk at dinner, fresh vegetables for snacks, fried foods for snacks between breakfast and lunch, and fruits /juices for snacks between lunch and dinner. After developing questions with indicators and analyzing the indicators by logistic regression analysis three times, we chose 10 questions for a simple evaluation of dietary patterns for the overweight-type category in order to give one point each. Among them we selected two questions to add one additional point and one question to add two additional points. The average scores of the overweight and normal groups, as shown by the developed questionnaire, were $5.97 \pm 2.36 \pm 7.36 \pm 2.21$, respectively. A score of seven points was selected as the cut-off point. We examined the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the questionnaire to the results of 67%, 59% and 62%, respectively.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

Purposes: The industry has specialized and fragmented than in the past. As a factor of economic growth and industrialization, the number of people employed in primary industry decreased and the number of people employed in secondary and third industry continuously increased. In modern times, incidence of chronic disease is increasing according to industrial development. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze the chronic disease according to Clark's industrial classification. Methodology: Data were derived from the 2012 Korea Health Panel. The sample was made up of 7,132 adult participants aged 20 or over selected Korea Health Panel by probability sampling from Korea. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the main factors associated with chronic disease. Findings: The significant factors associated with chronic disease were gender, age, marital status, household member, education level, insurance type, disability, BMI, and industrial classification. Female, elderly, divorced(including bereavement, missing and separation), one-person households, less than high school graduation, medical aid, disability, obese and primary industry were confirmed chronic disease increases. Practical Implications: The study finds that primary industry's prevalence of chronic disease was higher than secondary and third industry. Therefore, this study aims to management and effort of the worker who engaged in the primary industry. Policy development is required to address inequality or popularization of the differences in these factors by conducting a study to define the working conditions and socio-economic factors between industry.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

Heart rate recovery (HRR) is simply an indicator of autonomic balance and is a useful physiological indicator to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in HRR between metabolically healthy obesity group and metabolically unhealthy obesity and to ascertain whether heart rate recovery is a predictor of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the standards of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Care Panel III. Obesity was assessed according to WHO Asian criteria. It was classified into three groups of metabolically healthy non-obesity group (MHNO, n=113), metabolically healthy obesity group (MHO, n=66), metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n=18). Exercise test was performed with Bruce protocol using a treadmill instrument. There was no difference in HRR between MHO and MUO ($32.71{\pm}12.25$ vs $25.53{\pm}8.13$), but there was late HRR in MUO than MHNO ($25.53{\pm}8.13$ vs $34.51{\pm}11.80$). HRR in obese was significantly correlated with BMI (r=-0.342, P=0.004), waist circumference (r=-0.246, P=0.043), triglyceride (r=-0.350, P=0.003), HbA1c (r=-0.315, P=0.009), insulin (r=-0.290, P=0.017) and uric acid (r=-0.303, P=0.012). HRR showed a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol in the third tertile than in the first tertile. In conclusion, MHO had no difference in vagal activity compared with MHNO, but MUO had low vagal activity. HRR is associated with metabolic parameters and is a useful predictor of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterolemia.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

In this study, the interest of female high school students's(N=500) for weight control, as well as nutrient intake status, were analyzed. The mean age, height, and weight of the subjects were, 19.3 years, 162.2 cm and 55.4 kg respectively. Mean BMI was $21.1 kg/m^2$. According to BMI, the percentage of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese were 18.5 %, 60.3%, 11.3%, and 11.3% respectively. By the BMI criteria, 60.3% of the subjects were normal weight while the rate of self-recognition was 41.5%. The degree of satisfaction regarding self-body image was only 17.1% and 60.9% showed an interest in weight control. The reason for weight reduction were appearance(65.1 %) and health(24.2%). The body areas where subjects wanted to lose weight included the thighs(32.9%) and whole body(29.3%). They believed the most effective weight control strategy was exercise(81.1 %) and the strategies they used were diet(59.1 %) and exercise(40.4%). Energy intake was 1,733.4 kcal which was 86.7% of the estimated energy requirements(EER). Calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin C intakes were less than EAR by 34.4%, 40.4%, and 59.6% respectively. The intake of dietary fiber was 5.1 g only 21.1 % of the adequate intake(AI). In summary, high school females interested in weight control have significantly less calcium intake than their peers. The correlations between interest in weight control and weight and BMI were significant(p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that to achieve optimal growth, improved diets that include calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin C are recommended. High school females interested in weight control should especially be targeted for education on calcium intake.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nutrient intake, screen time (television viewing and computer and/or video games) and physical activity on obesity in preschool children. Recruitment began in January 2008 by distributing letters to mothers who had children aged 6 years enrolled in daycare. Dietary intakes were obtained from the children's mothers, using the 24-hour recall method. The average height and weight of the children were 114.2 cm and 20.3 kg, respectively. Mean age, body weight, height and Kaup index were not significantly different between groups consisting of boys or girls. Assessment by the Kaup index showed that 14.0% of children were underweight, 69.0% were normal weight, 13.0% were overweight, and 4% were obese. The daily intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, and folic acid in the group of boys were 77.7%, 58.5%, 80.4% and 88.9% respectively. as compared with the DRIs. The daily intakes of calcium, potassium, fiber, and folic acid in the group of girls were 77.7%, 58.5%, 80.4% and 88.9%, respectively. as compared with the DRIs. Intakes of protein, phosphorus, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E were higher than the DRIs. There were no difference among 3 groups (underweight, normal, overweight) in energy or nutrient intake. Preschool children with screen time (TV viewing and computer and/or video games use time) of >2 hours per day had significantly higher Kaup index values, and intakes of energy, carbohydrate, folic acid and zinc. In conclusion, preschool children with reported screen time (TV viewing and computer and/or video games use time) of >2 hours per day were fatter. Therefore, we need further investigate the relation between diet and screen time in preschool children to improve future nutrition education programs. Further studies are required to explore the effects of food intake and screen time (TV viewing and computer and/or video games use time) over a longer period of time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2007

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of combine exercise on C-reactive protein(CRP) and adiponectin, and to asses whether combine exercise-induced changes in insulin resistance could be explained in part by changes in these in these inflammation markers. Twenty two participants (BMI >95 percentile for age and sex) were allocated exercise group(n=12) and control group(n=10). Subjects had their body shape, body composition, glucose. insulin, HOMA-IR, CPR and adiponectin levels measured. Modest improvements in body composition, insulin resistance markers were observed, however, adiponectin and CRP did not changes. These data suggest that adiponectin and CRP is not a contributory factor to the exercise-relateted improvements in insulin resistance. Additional studies are needed to assess the effects of different duration, modes and intensities of exercise on inflammation markers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.465-473
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the relations between sociodemographic, work-related factors and health related behaviors in a group of 1,042 workers in Taejeon and Chungnam area. The results were as followings: The older workers took more irregularly meals, more cigarette and more alcohol than the younger. Men had more appropriate sleeping time, more regular exercise than women, but more frequent alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The married had more regular sleeping habit than the unmarried. The group of married were smoking more and obese. In view of monthly income which represent the socioeconomic state of workers, the group of more than 1 million won had more frequent alcohol ingestion, more heavier body weight than another group of less than 1 million won. Workers having their work hours exceed 9 hours had inappropriate sleep duration, and shift workers took more irregularly meals. The group having poor self-rated health status showed more regular diet, exercise and overweight. Workers recently experienced chronic illness were more overweight and lesser smokers. Above results showed that the health related behaviors were related to the sociodemographic characteristics and occupation-related characteristics. The study for relationship between variant factors affecting health behavior and disease or mortality is need and it should be emphasized that the publicity and education of health related behavior for industrial workers is necessary.