• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2015

The green manure crops are returned to soil when the plants are still green. The green manure crops play a role in reducing chemical fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility, reduction of soil erosion, weed control, and landscapes effect. Typical green manure crops are barley green manure, hairy vetch, chines milk vetch and clovers. We sowed 49 species of green manure crops in upland soil to increase the usage of green manure crops. We searched the effectiveness of green manure yield, C/N ratio, soil mulching, and landscape effect. The green manure crops that have $5tonha^{-1}$ or more of green manure yield (fresh weight) were 6 gramineous crops, 4 leguminous crops, and 3 others. Green manures yield in a short growth period was higher in gramineous crops than leguminous crops. Among the green manure crops, 3 gramineous crops, 12 leguminous crops, and 3 others were under 25 in C/N ratio. Seven gramineous crops, 8 leguminous crops, and 5 others were over 50% of soil covering rate. Green manure crops that have beautiful flowers were in total 16 kinds, such as 4 gramineous crops, 6 leguminous crops, and 6 others. In result, based on green manure yield and C/N ratio, excellent species in the green manure crops were 4 species (triticale, 2 kinds of hairy vetch, and lupin). Green manure crops that were effective at soil mulching were 20 species, like hairy vetch, oats, sorghum, phacelia, buckwheat, etc. Buckwheat, crotalaria, mustard plant, phacelia, and etc. could be available for landscape crops.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder that can result in the loss of articular cartilage. No effective treatment against OA is currently available. Thus, interest in natural health products to relieve OA symptoms is increasing. However, their qualities such as efficacy, toxicity, and mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the efficacy of avenanthramide (Avn)-C extracted from oats as a promising candidate to prevent OA progression and its mechanism of action to prevent the expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) in OA pathogenesis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine as a main causing factor of cartilage destruction, was used to induce OA-like condition of chondrocytes in vitro. Avn-C restrained IL-1β-mediated expression and activity of MMPs, such as MMP-3, -12, and -13 in mouse articular chondrocytes. Moreover, Avn-C alleviated cartilage destruction in experimental OA mouse model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. However, Avn-C did not affect the expression of inflammatory mediators (Ptgs2 and Nos) or anabolic factors (Col2a1, Aggrecan, and Sox9), although expression levels of these genes were upregulated or downregulated by IL-1β, respectively. The inhibition of MMP expression by Avn-C in articular chondrocytes was mediated by p38 kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, but not by ERK or NF-κB. Interestingly, Avn-C added with SB203580 and SP600125 as specific inhibitors of p38 kinase and JNK, respectively, enhanced its inhibitory effect on the expression of MMPs in IL-1β treated chondrocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that Avn-C is an effective candidate to prevent OA progression and a natural health product to relieve OA pathogenesis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2019

Late-maturing Dark Horse, and early-maturing High Speed oat varieties were seeded on March 3, 2016 and harvested on three periods: May 31, June 10, and June 20 coded as early, mid, and late-harvest, respectively. Dried and ground samples were subjected to chemical analysis to determine nutritional values such as crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrient (TDN). Effective degradability (ED) of nutrients and fermentation characteristics including volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition, pH, gas production, and ammonia-N concentration were evaluated through an in vitro digestion method. Varieties of oat hays showed significant difference in terms of nutritional value, ED, and fermentation characteristics. Dark Horse showed higher CP and OM, and lower EE contents than High Speed. Dark Horse also showed higher EDDM (dry matter), NDF, ADF, and OM than High Speed, and although High Speed showed higher pH and ammonia-N, it had lower gas and total VFA production than Dark Horse. However, in terms of harvest period, significant difference was only observed in Dark Horse where early-harvest increased the CP, and late-harvest increased the NDF and OM contents. In addition, early-harvest of Dark Horse increased the EDDM and EDNDF of the forage. Therefore, early-harvest of late-maturing Dark Horse would give better nutrient efficiency than High Speed. Allowing Dark Horse to advance in maturity would decrease its nutrient productivity and efficiency.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Dyslipidemia, defined as elevated triglyceride (TG), total- and LDL-C, and/or decreased HDL-C levels, is considered a principal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family has been considered a key player in the prevention of dyslipidemia. The LDLR family consists of cytoplasmic membrane proteins and plays an important role not only in ligand-receptor binding and uptake, but also in various cell signaling pathways. Emerging reports state that various functional ingredients dynamically modulate the function of the LDLR family. For instance, oats stimulated the LDLR function in vivo, resulting in decreased body weight and improved serum lipid profiles. The stimulation of LRP6 by functional ingredients in vitro activated the Wnt/${\beta}-catenin$ pathway, subsequently suppressing the intracellular TG via inhibition of SREBP1, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$. Furthermore, the extract of Cistanchetubulosa enhanced the expression of the mRNA of VLDLR, followed by a reduction in the serum cholesterol level. In addition, fermented soy milk diminished TG and total cholesterol levels while increasing HDL-C levels via activation of LRP1. To summarize, modulating the function of the LDLR family by diverse functional ingredients may be a potent therapeutic remedy for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2022

Recently, consumers' awareness of the importance of the intestinal action of lactic acid bacteria and intestinal microbes is increasing, as well as interest in yogurt. In this study, yogurt was prepared with three mixed strains (lactic acid bacteria combination, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp., and Bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilussei, 1:1:1) by adding oats flour, and the quality characteristics of yogurt were investigated, while stored at a storage temperature of 4℃ for 12 days. According to the storage period, the control as wel as the oat yogurt showed slight decrease in pH, and no significant change in acidity. Sugar content slightly increased. and brightness decreased, in the control and the oat yogurt. Visible cell numbers increased during storage, and decreased on the 12th day. Viscosity in the oat yogurt was 7,580 cP, which was approximately eight times higher than that of the control group, and decreased gradually according to the storage period. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) was approximately two times higher in the oat-added yogurt, and slightly increased with the storage period, decreased on the 12th day of storage, and β-glucan was detected only in oat-added yogurt.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2023

Plant-based, grain-free, and gluten-free diets have been the focus of recent research, as part of the premiumization trend in dog food. However, the lack of comprehensive information regarding carbohydrates in dog food makes it difficult to produce nutritionally balanced meals. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of carbohydrate ingredients commonly used in commercial dog foods. First, using data from Euromonitor, we investigated the trends in the dry dog food industry and analyzed the annual volume of dry dog food sales, as well as the dog population from 2010 to 2021 in Korea. The growth of the market was greatest in 2021, when the total value of sales of premium dry dog food was 254.3 billion KRW (Korean won) more than in 2010. In addition, sales of dry dog food by age category were marked by a significant increase (404.8%) in the market for dry food for senior dogs. Second, we examined the frequency of carbohydrate ingredients used in dry dog food and conducted a proximate analysis of the top 10 most frequently used ingredients. Subsequently, we analyzed the crude protein, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract in the carbohydrate ingredients based on dry matter (DM) and calculated the ratio of metabolic energy content supplied from each nutrient in the carbohydrate ingredients. The ratio of metabolic energy content in the carbohydrate ingredients indicated that mung beans had the highest crude protein content (31.3%), whereas oats exhibited the highest crude fat content (23.3%). Sweet potatoes had the highest nitrogen-free extract content, measuring at 93.6%. The results of this study are expected to provide a valuable foundation for the growth and development of the domestic dog food industry, while also contributing to a deeper understanding of the specific role of each ingredient as a carbohydrate source.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the gradual destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth including gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and root cementum. Recently, interests in alleviating symptoms of periodontitis (PD) using natural compounds is increasing. Avenanthramide-C (Avn-C) is a polyphenol found only in oats. It is known to exhibit various biological properties. To date, the effect of Avn-C on PD pathogenesis has not been confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the protective effects of Avn-C on periodontal inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone erosion in vitro and in vivo. Upregulated expression of catabolic factors, such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and COX2 induced by lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), was dramatically decreased by Avn-C treatment in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. Moreover, alveolar bone erosion in the ligature-induced PD mouse model was ameliorated by intra-gingival injection of Avn-C. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of Avn-C on the upregulation of catabolic factors were mediated via ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NF-κB pathway that was activated by IL-1β or p38 MAPK and JNK signaling that was activated by TNF-α, respectively. Based on this study, we recommend that Avn-C may be a new natural compound that can be applied to PD treatment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2006

본 연구는 제주도내에서 생산되고 있는 돈분 액비의 건물수준을 달리하여 동계작물에 시용 했을시 사초의 생산성과 사료가치 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하려고 수행되었다. 처리는 이탈리안 라이그라스, 호밀 및 귀리에 무비구(TO), 화학비료구(T1) 그리고 2개 건물수준을 가진 돈분 액비구(DM 2.7 %=T2, DM 5.9%=T3)를 분할구배치법으로 하였다. 5.9%의 건물이 함유된 돈분 액비의 시용은 다른 처리에 비하여 세 작물 모두에서 가장 높은 건물 생산성을 보였다(p<0.01). 조단백질 함량(%)과 조단백질 생산량(kg/ha)은 다른 초종에 비하여 호밀에서 가장 높았다(p<0.01), K와 Mg 함량은 다른 초종에서보다 호밀에서 더 높았다(p<0.01). 반면 Na 함량은 다른 초종에서 보다 이탈리안 라이그라스에서 더 높았다(p<0.01). 호밀의 Mg 함량은 다른 초종 보다는 더 높았으며(p<0.01), 특히 2.7% 건물이 함유된 돈분 액비 시용구에서 타 초종보다 높았다(p<0.05). 토양 중 $NO_3-N$ 함량은 다른 작물보다 호밀에서 더 낮았으며(p<0.05), 비료 종류별로는 화학비료구가 더 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 종합해보면 이탈리안 라이그라스나 귀리보다 겨울철 생육이 좋고 비료 의 이용성이 좋은 호밀이 통계작물로는 좋았다. 그리고 비료는 DM 5.9%의 돈분액비가 DM 2.7%의 돈분액비에 비해 모든 작물의 생산성이 가장 높았다. 또한 $NO_3-N$의 토양 내 함량도 DM 2.7% 돈분액비나 화학비료 표준구보다 낮았다. 그러나 양돈농가에서는 돈사 청소를 위해 물의 사용을 제한하여 액비중의 건물함량을 높여야 하고, 이러한 방법은 환경오염 문제를 일으키지 않도록 주의를 기울여야 한다.s}20cm$에 대해 $0.941{\pm}0.008,\;1.032{\pm}0.004,\;1.049{\pm}0.014$이다. 치료 계획용 시스템과 수 계산에 의한 MU값의 계산 비교결과 7개 기관의 값이 허용오차 범위를 벗어났다. 쐐기를 제외한 8가지 조건에서 계산된 평균 MU값들은 SAD 조건으로 출력 교정된 장비가 SSD 조건으로 교정된 장비에 비해 6 MV 광자선은 3 MU, 10 MV 광자선은 5 MU 정도 더 높았다. 쐐기를 사용할 경우 MU값은 Varian사 장비와 Siemens사의 장비에 따라 다르고 동일 각의 쐐기를 사용할 경우 Siemens사의 쐐기를 사용할 때 MU값이 크다. 결론: 수집된 광자선 빔 데이터를 분석하여 빔데이터의 정확성과 치료계획용 시스템의 계산 정확성을 대략적으로 점검 할 수 있는 기준 값을 제시하였다.동결이 요구되며 본 연구에서 이용된 OPS 동결 방법이 폭넓게 활용될 것으로 사료된다.며 이 때가 최상의 교배 적기로 사료되며, 혈장 progesterone농도가 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날(Bay 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때부터 CI는 혈장 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 후 1일째인 최고치를 나타내었고, CI peak 후 1일째인 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하여 CI가 90% 이상으로 지속된 시기가 최상의 교배 적기임이 확인되었다. 따라서 혈장 progesterone농도 측정으로 정확한 배란 시기 및 교배 적기를 판정할 수 있으나, 시설비가 저렴하고 검사 방법이 간단한 질 세포 검사가 Shih-tzu 견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기의 판정에 응용될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 사료된다.골계가 높은

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2003

본 연구는 제주 중산간지에서 목초지를 전용하여 감자 재배지로 활용하고 있는 경작지에서 가을감자 수확 후 3월부터 6월까지 휴경기 동안 연맥 및 사료용 유채의 파종시기 및 혼파비율을 달리 했을 때 생육과 건물수량에 미치는 영향을 구면하기 위하여 수행하였다. 연맥(Swan)과 사료용 유채(Akella)의 파종시기를 주구로 3월 초순, 3월 중순, 3월 하순 파종구 등 3처리로 하고, 혼파비율을 세구로 연맥 단파구. 사료용유채 단파구, 연맥 75%+사료용유채 25%, 연맥 50%+사료용유채 50%, 연맥25%+사료용유채 75% 혼파구 등 5처리를 두어 분할구 배치 3반복으로 수행하였다. 연맥 및 사료용 유채의 발아 및 출현상태는 파종시기와 혼파비율에 따른 차이는 크지 않았으나, 수확시 연맥의 생육단계는 3월 초순 파종구가 호숙기로 가장 빨랐다. 파종시기에 따른 ha당 평균 건물수량은 3월 중순 파종구가 7,171kg으로 다른 파종시기에 비해 높았으며, 혼파비율에 따른 건물수량은 연맥 단파구가 7,676kg으로 가장 높았고, 연맥/사료용 유채 혼파구 및 사료용 유채 단파구 순으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 조단백질 함량은 사료용 유채 단파구가 15.9%, 혼파구가 12.4∼14.5%, 연맥 단파구는 8.5%로 나타났다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2003

목적: 슬관절에 발생한 박리성 골연골염을 자가 골연골 이식술을 이용하여 치료한 후 치료 결과를 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 5월부터 2000년 5월까지 본원에서 자가 골연골 이식술을 사용하여 치료한 박리성 골연골염 환자 15명 19예 중 1 년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 13명 17예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 23.4세 (20세$\~$32세)로, 전 예가 남자였으며, 평균 추시 기간은 24.2개월(12개월$\~$110개월)이었다 치료는 관절경적 방법 또는 관절 절개술을 이용하여 골연골 자가 이식 기구(OATS, Arthrex, USA)를 이용하였다 결과: 외상의 과거력이 전 예에서 존재하였으며, 명확한 주 외상력이 7예, 반복적인 경미한외상력이 10예였다. 병변의 위치는 대퇴 내과 11예 중, 확장된 전형적 위치가 9예, 하중앙부가 2예였으며, 대퇴 외과 6예는 모두 하중앙부에 위치하였다. 자기 공명 영상 분류상 II 등급은 1예, III 등급이 11예, IV등급이 5예였으며, 관절경적 분류상 III 등급이 12예, IV등급이 5예였다. 병변의 크기는 평균 3.19$cm^{2}$(1$cm^{2}$ $\~$ 8$cm^{2}$)이었다. 임상적으로 Aichroth의 기준에 의한 판정 결과는 우수 3예(18$\%$), 양호 11예 (65$\%$), 보통 2예 (12), 불량 1예 (5$\%$)로 83$\%$에서 양호 이상의 결과를 얻었다. 추시 자기 공명 영상 촬영 또는 관절경 검사상 이식된 관절면이 일치하고 만족할만한 연골 두께를 유지하며, 이식편의 침 강이나 이완 소견이 없음을 확인하였다. 결론: 자가 골연골 이식술의 치료 결과는 슬관절의 박리성 골연골염 중 병변의 크기가 크고($\geq$1$cm^{2}$),체중 부하 부위를 침범하는 병변, 및 불안정성 병변 (자기 공명 영상 또는 관절경 단계 $\geq$3)에 대하여 자가골연골 이식술의 치료를 고려해 볼 수 있음을 제시한다 그러나 자가 골연골 이식술의 임상적 인 유효성을 판정하기 위해서는 보다 장기적인 추시 관찰이 필요한 것으로 사료된다