• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

The nutritional and health status of low-income alone-living elderly(ALE) was assessed in relation to the activity of daily living (ADL) and nutritional risk factors. One hundred and eighty five ALE over 65 years old, living in the Sungnam area, were interviewed in their homes through questionnaires. The results were as follows : 63.6% of the subjects considered themselves in poor the health and only 4.3% of them considered thermselves healthy. 89.7% of the subjects answered that they were suffering from illness and 29.7% were taking medication. The ADL was assessed through 10 checklist items and the average score of the ADL was $84.78{\pm}11.11$(maximum :100) The nutritional risk index(NRI) was evaluated by 12 risk factors and the average score of the NRI was $4.43{\pm}1.38$ (maximumː12) The scores of the ADL were positively correlated with the scored of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)(r=0.7523, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with NRI(r= -0.2694, p<0.001) When subjects were divided into nutritionally high risk group(HNARI: TEX>$NRI{\geq}5$) and nutritionally low risk group(LNRI : NRI<5) according to the USA screening basis, 48.9% of the subjects belonged to the HNRI, But 16.9% of the HNRI and 34.4% of the LNRI belonged to the fourth quartile($Q_{0.75}$) of the ADL, the distribution of which showed significant differences(p<0.05) We suggest that the application of the ADL as a screening tool for nutrition intervention programs for the elderly. Oncemore, further research is needed to develop appropriate checklist items for the ADL and NRI along with the screening basis for the NRI 새 diagnose the adverse nutritional status of the Korean elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.340-353
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• 2009

It is very important to screen the elderly for nutritional risk, because nutritional status is a critical factor to maintain their health. Some nutrition checklists used in Korea for the elderly are from other countries. Reliability of those checklist in Korea is not studied enough. This survey was done for the elderly over 65-years-old who live in Hong-cheon, An-dong, Dam-yang and Yeon-gi in Korea (subject; summer: 146, winter: 145) to study the reliability of DETERMINE checklist which is adopted widely in Korea. Using the score of DETERMINE checklist, the elderly were divided as high, middle and low risk groups. For nutritional assessment for those elderly, dietary assessment using 24 recall, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and health condition were used. Results for the checklist showed that percentage below EAR for energy intake and protein intake in winter were higher in the high risk group than other groups. The intakes of phosphorus and iron and most vitamins were below the DRI. The percentage of subjects with intake below DRI was highest in the high risk group. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values using the DETERMINE were calculated using 6 point as a cut-off point. Subjects were divided into two groups by MAR (MAR < 0.75:undernutrition, MAR < 0.75 : normal). Sensitivity recorded 49.4% and 34.3%, specificity did 61.9% and 65.4 and Positive predictive value did 62.1% and 46.0% each for summer and winter. Results of screening using DETERMINE Checklist were not matched with dietary assessment but not with anthropometric and biochemical measurement. In conclusion DETERMINE 'Checklist' is shown be a good screening tool for finding out risk groups for dietary intake in the elderly, It needs to verify reliability and validity through large-scale survey.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

This study was performed to analyze health problems in older adults in a comprehensive manner, including usual living habits, nutritional status, and society psychological factors. Research was conducted by a structured questionnaire by interviews with a test group of 316 people over the age of 65 from April 2012 to August 2012. Elderly people's dietary intake was assessed using NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) by the 24-hour retrospective method, and elderly people's feeling of helplessness and sense of belonging were assessed using the measuring device. Material analysis, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS. Elderly people with increased age showed higher chances of being in the high-risk and undernourished group. Elderly with high NSI showed low intake of fat, protein, fibrin, vitamin C, E, $B_1$, $B_2$, Niacin, K, Fe, Zn, and Cu than those with low NSI. Findings from this comparative analysis indicate that elderly with better nutritional status showed a lower feeling of helplessness than those with poor nutritional status. Overall, elderly people consumed a b road variety of foods, and social emotional stability of elderly people increased at optimal dietary levels.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.539-547
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the health status as determined by a self-assessment checklist was related to the nutritional status of elderly Korean women. We interviewed 59 female subjects living in the Daegu area aged over 55 years. Information on their dietary intake on two consecutive days was collected by the 24-hour Recall Method. Their body compositions were measured using a Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer. Their zinc status was evaluated according to their dietary zinc intake and urinary zinc excretion in urine samples collected for 24 hours. Their heath status was determined by a NSI Checklist. While 50.9% of the total subjects belonged to a moderate nutritional risk group,23.7% of the subjects were at a high nutritional risk. It appeared that only 25.4% of the subjects were evaluated as being healthy. Therefore, the overall nutritional health status of the elderly females belonged to the moderate nutritional risk group. Except for vitamin C, the average daily nutrient intake of the subjects was below the level of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Koreans. The lower the nutritional health score, the better was their dietary intake of energy (p<.05), protein (p<.001), and zinc (p<.01). A positive relationship between their nutritional health score and body fat ratio was also observed (p<.05). Therefore, we suggest that the NSI Checklist could be used as a practical screening tool at the beginning of nutritional surveillance of the elderly in the community.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether poor preoperative nutritional status in elderly patients exhibited a negative influence on postoperative clinical outcomes. Methods: The medical records of 645 elderly patients were examined retrospectively. The patients had undergone major surgery between January 2017 and January 2018. Their nutritional status was measured using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. The data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, linear regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Preoperative malnutrition was found in 73 patients (11.3%). Poor preoperative nutritional status was significantly associated with pressure ulcers, length of hospitalization, discharge to patient care facilities rather than home, and mortality rate at three months. Conclusion: Preoperative malnutrition in elderly patients was associated with negative postoperative clinical outcomes. These results indicate that an effective nutritional program before surgery can lead to a more rapid postoperative recovery.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.475-483
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• 2000

The develop a simple screening test for identifying Korean elderly at risk of undernutrition, the data of the health-related habits, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of the elderly in Chongju were analyzed. Two risk indicators, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and the respondents perceived health, were used to detect the undernutrition risk of the elderly. In order to select a list of questions for the test, factors a affecting nutritional status and items investigated in previous nutrition surveys of the elderly were considered, and 21 questions were primarily selected. A multiple regression and stepwise regression analysis were used to take out the weak predictors of poor nutrient intake, and to give item weights to the strong predictors, and a list of 17 questions was finally adopted. To determine the cut-point of the test score, sensitivity, and positive predictive values were calculated. The Simple Screening Test developed in this study is a brief, easily scored tool to predict poor nutrient intake and the perceived health status of the elderly. The test may provide a basis of further comprehensive nutritional assessment or intervention planning, if necessary, for those who are diagnosed ad "high risk". The test, however, needs to be independently validated by other groups of individuals.dividuals.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

This study investigated the general status of tube feeding for intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients and evaluated the consequent nutritional status of patients. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of a general hospital located in Daegu metropolitan city. The subjects of this study were 80 adult patients who had been admitted to the ICU of a hospital, received fed tube feeding, and then been discharged. The differences in nutrition screening indicators, including percentage ideal body weight (PIBW), serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol, before and after tube feeding according to body mass index (BMI) or nutrient feeding levels were investigated. The ratios of actually provided amounts to calorie and protein requirements of patients were $72.8{\pm}15.8%$ and $72.6{\pm}19.8%$, respectively. The change in PIBW before and after tube feeding was significantly different among the BMI groups (P<0.01). The change in hemoglobin concentration before and after tube feeding was also significantly different among the BMI groups (P<0.01). When subjects were divided into three groups (<60%, 60~79%, ${\geq}80%$) according to the ratio of actually provided calories to required calories, there was no significant difference in nutrition screening indicators before and after tube feeding. When the subjects were divided into three groups (<60%, 60~79%, ${\geq}80%$) according to the ratio of actually provided protein to required protein, serum albumin concentration showed a significant difference among the groups before and after tube feeding (P<0.05). Therefore, an intensive nutrition intervention program would be needed for the nutritional improvement of ICU inpatients receiving tube feeding.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to review the overall concept of nutritional evaluation of infants and young children. Methods: Literature search was done to study definition, method and importance of nutritional evaluation of infants and young children. Pubmed and Google scholarship were used in the research. Search words were 'Nutritional evaluation', 'infants' and 'young children'. Results: Nutrition evaluation is mainly used by physical measurement, clinical evaluation, dietary intake survey, and biochemical test depending on the age and disease. The treatment method for 治未病, which is a concept of korean medicine, and 健兒法 for treating the concept of weak children are considered to have very high applicability in solving various problems found through nutrition evaluation in korean medical approach. Conclusion: Infants and children are the fastest growing period of their lives, showing rapid growth in physical, and emotional development along with rapid brain growth. Therefore, inadequate nutrition during this period affects mental and physical growth and development not only during that period but also throughout life. Nutrition evaluation is divided into regular evaluation that includes children in all growing seasons and screening evaluation for problem solving, and follow-up nutritional evaluation that evaluates nutritional status in the long run. For each nutritional evaluation, evaluation is conducted by physical measurement, clinical evaluation, dietary intake survey, and biochemical test. By comprehensively interpreting them, nutritional status is determined. This study provides basic data on the proper nutrition evaluation method to identify and correct nutritional problems such as growth level, nutritional deficiency, and nutritional excess early.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Increased awareness of the importance of nutrition among hospitalized children has increased the use of nutrition screening tool (NST). However, it is not well known the NST for hospitalized children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the past and present state of adult and child NST and discuss the pros and cons of each NST.